项目管理(全英文)试题 - 有翻译

一、名词解释（5*2=10）

PMI, Project Management Institute, 美国项目管理学会

PMP, Project Management Professional, 项目管理专业人员认证

PMBOK, Project Management Body of Knowledge, 项目管理知识体系

PLC, project life cycle, 项目生命周期

RFP, Request for proposal, 需求建议书

WBS, Work Breakdown Structure, 工作分解结构

CPM, Critical path method, 关键路径法

PERT, Project Evaluation and Review Technique, 计划评审技术

AOA, Activity-On-Arrow, 双代号网络图法

AON, Activity-on-node, 单代号网络图

CPI, Cost Performance Index, 成本绩效指数 (挣值(EV)/实际成本(AC))

RAM, Responsibility Assignment Matrix, 职责分配矩阵

P&L, Profit and loss损益

VAT, value-added tax, 加值税、增值税

QA, Quality Assurance, 质量保障

二、填空题（5*2=10）。

1. A project is an endeavour to accomplish a specific objective through a unique set of interrelated tasks and the effective utilization of resources. 1.项目是努力完成一个特定的目标，通过一套独特的相互关联的任务和资源的有效利用。

2. A project manager is responsible for planning the work and then work the plan.项目经理负责规划工作，然后工作计划。

3. The project life cycle has four phases: initiating, planning, performing, and closing the project.项目生命周期有四个阶段︰启动、规划、执行和结束项目。

4. Project selection involves evaluating potential projects and then deciding which should move forward to be implemented.项目选择涉及潜在项目评估，然后决定，应该向前来实施。

5. WBS facilitates evaluation of cost, time, and technical performance of the organization on a project.

WBS 促进评估的成本、时间和上一个项目组织的技术性能。

6. The project network is developed from the information collected for the WBS and is a graphic flow chart of the project job plan. 项目开发从 WBS 收集的信息和网络是一个图形的流程图的项目工作计划。

7. In the context of projects, risk is an uncertain event and condition that, if it occurs, has a positive and negative effect on project objectives. 在项目范围内，风险是不确定的事件和条件，如果它发生，已经对项目目标的积极和消极的影响。

8. Milestones are significant project events that mark major accomplishments.里程碑是重大项目事件标记的主要成就。

9. Two important factors affecting recruitment are the importance of the project and the management structure being used to complete the project.有两个重要影响因素招聘有项目和管理结构被用来完成这项工程的重要性

10. The most common method for shortening project time is to assign additional staff and equipment to activities.最常用的方法，缩短项目时间是将额外的工作人员和设备分配给活动

三．选择题（15*2=30）

1. Communications is best described as:

A. an exchange of information.

B. providing written or oral directions.

C. consists of senders and receivers

D. effective listening.

E. All of the above

ANS: E

2. The following types of costs are relevant to making a financial decision except:

A. opportunity costs

B. direct costs

C. sunk cost

D. unavoidable costs

E. None of the above

ANS: C

3. Time management is the allocation of time in a project's life cycle through the process of:

A. Planning

B. Estimating.

C. Scheduling.

D. Controlling

E. All of the above.

ANS: E

4. A project element which lies between two events is called:位于两个事件之间的项目元素被称为

A. An activity.

B. A critical path method.

C. A slack milestone.

D. A timing slot.

E. A calendar completion point.

ANS: A

5. A comprehensive definition of scope management would be:一个全面的定义的范围管理将是︰

A. Managing a project in terms of its objective through the concept, development, implementation, and termination phases of a project.

管理项目以及项目的概念、发展、实施和终止阶段通过其目的。

B. Approval of the scope baseline.

C. Approval of the detailed project charter.

D. Configuration control.

E. Approved detailed planning including budgets, resource allocation, linear responsibility charts and management sponsorship.

ANS: A

6. Pure Risk differs from Business Risks because Pure

Risk's _____ .

A. include chances of both profit or loss associated with the business.

B. include chances of loss and no chances for profit associated with the business.包括丢失的可能性和相关业务的利润没有机会

C. must incur personal loss with business liability.必须与业务责任招致个人损失。

D. must incur business liability associated with loss of pure profit.

E. B and C

ANS: B

ANS: D

7. The most common types of schedules are Gantt charts, milestone charts, line of balance, and:

A. Networks.

B. Time phased events.

C. Calendar integrated activities.

D. A and C only.

E. B and C only.

ANS: A

8. In preparing a good project definition, experienced project managers will:

A. Concentrate mainly on the end product rather than costs or benefits. These come later.

B. Realize that only the "tip of the iceberg" may be showing. As a project manager, you must get beneath it.

C. Understand that a project definition/plan is a dynamic rather than static tool, and thus subject to change.

D. Try to convert objectives into quantifiable terms.

E. All of the above

ANS: E

9. Since risk is associated with most projects, the best course of action is to:

A. cover all project risks by buying appropriate insurance

B. ignore the risks, since nothing can be done about them and move forward with the project in an expeditious manner.

C. avoid projects with clear and present risks

D. eliminate all known risks prior to the execution phase of the project

E. identify various risks and implement actions to mitigate their potential impact

ANS: E

10. Risk management allows the project manager and the project team to:

A. eliminate most risks during the planning phase of the project

B. identify project risks

C. identify impacts of various risks

D. plan suitable responses

E. B, C and D only

ANS: E

11. Which of the following types of cost are relevant to making financial decisions:

A. sunk cost

B. opportunity cost

C. material cost

D. A and C only

E. B and C only

ANS: E

12. Which of the following is often overlooked in achieving effective communication?

A. speaking clearly

B. listening

C. interpreting

D. maintaining eye contact

E. manipulating the conversation

ANS: B

13. The highest degrees of project risk and uncertainty are associated with the following phase of the project:

A. conceptual

B. execution

C. cut-over

D. post project evaluation

E. A and D only

ANS: A

14. The auditing function that provides feedback about the quality of output is referred to as:

A. quality control.

B. quality planning.

C. quality assurance.

D. quality improvement

E. All of the above.

ANS: C

15. The sending or conveying of information from one place to another is the process of

A. Networking

B. Transmitting

C. Interacting

D. Promoting

E. Interfacing

ANS: B

16. Project life cycles provide a better means of measurement of progress and control. The four phases of a project are conceptual development,

_____, _____, and _____.

A. Preliminary planning, detail planning, closeout

B. Implementation, reporting, termination

C. Development, implementation, termination

D. Execution, reporting, finishing

E. Implementation, termination, post-audit review

ANS: C

17. All of the following are categories of a milestone in a schedule except:

A. End date.

B. Contract dates.

C. Key events scheduled.

D. Imposed dates.

E. Task duration.

ANS: E

18. Uncertainty refers to a situation where:

A. the outcomes are known but their probabilities are high

B. the outcomes and their probabilities are known

C. neither the outcomes nor their probabilities are known

D. states of nature can change at any time

E. probabilities of various states of nature can change at any time

ANS: C

19. Excessive flexibility in specifying requirements will _____ the likelihood of time overruns.

A. Reduce.

B. Eliminate.

C. Double

D. Increase

E. Not affect

ANS: D

20. Which of the following is closet to Deming's definition of Quality:

A. conformance to requirements.

B. fitness for use.

C. continuous improvement of products and services.

D. customer focus.

E. All of the above.

ANS: C

21. The key purpose of project control is to:

A. Plan ahead for uncertainties.

B. Generate status reports.

C. Keep the project on track.

D. Develop the project road map.

E. All of the above.

ANS: C

22. Which of the following constitute Juran's "quality trilogy":

A. planning, inspection, control.

B. planning, improvement, control.

C. planning, organization, control.

D. product, price, customer.

E. design, build, deliver.

ANS: B

23. Most project (and non-project) managers prefer _____ communications.

A. Oral

B. Written

C. Upward

D. Downward

E. Lateral

ANS: A

24. On a precedence diagram, the arrow between two boxes is called:

A. An activity.

B. A constraint.

C. An event.

D. The critical path.

E. None of above.

ANS: B

25. Quality control charts show a characteristic of the product or service against:

A. the specification limits.

B. customer requirements.

C. control limits based on three standard deviations in each direction.

D. control limits based on six standard deviations in each direction.

E. A and D only

ANS: C

26. In the arrow diagramming method (ADM), _____ do not consume time or resources.

A. Events.

B. Dummy Activities

C. Slack elements.

D. B and C only.

E. All of the above.

ANS: A

27. Activities with zero time duration are referred to as:

A. Critical path activites.

B. Noncritical path activities.

C. Slack time activities.

D. Dummies

E. None of above.

ANS: D

28. In the PDM, common constraints include:

A. Start-to-start

B. Finish-to-start

C. Finish-to-finish

D. B and C only

E. A, B, and C.

ANS: E

29. Non-verbal communication includes:

A. Body movement

B. Gestures

C. Facial expressions

D. The way we move our hands

E. All of the above

ANS: E

30. Which one of the following is not an acquisition method?

A. advertising

B. invitation

C. negotiation

D. purchase

E. all are acquisition methods

ANS: A

31. For communication to occur, there must be:

A. Two or more people involved

B. the transmittal of information

C. a communication process

D. All of the above

E. B and C only

ANS: D

32. Job continuity would be an example of _____ in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

A. Self-actualization

B. Esteem

C. Physiological

D. Belonging

E. Safety

ANS: E

四、简单题（2*10=20）。

1. What are the major characteristics of a project?项目的主要特点有哪些

1).An established objective.既定的目标

2).A defined life span with a beginning and an end.定义的寿命，有开始和结束

3).Usually, the involvement of several departments and professionals.通常情况下，几个部门及专业人士参与。

4).Typically, doing something that has never been done before.通常情况下，做一些从来没有过

5).Specific time, cost, and performance requirements.具体的时间、成本和性能要求。

2. What factors do you consider when choosing project management structure? At least five factors.选择项目管理结构时，你考虑什么因素？

1).Size of project项目的大小

2).Strategic importance战略重要性

3).Novelty and need for innovation新颖性和需要创新

4).Number of departments involved涉及多个部门

5).Environmental complexity环境的复杂性

6).Budget and time constraints.预算和时间限制

7).Stability of resource requirement.稳定的资源要求

3. How to define the project?如何定义项目？

1).Defining the project scope定义项目范围

2).Establishing project priorities建立项目优先事项

3).Creating the work breakdown structure创建工作分解结构

4).Integrating the WBS with the organization结合 WBS 组织

5). Coding the WBS for the information system编码为信息系统WBS

五、计算题（15*2=30）。

1.根据包装机制造项目的预算成本表和累计完成比率表，计算项目的

表一预算成本表

表2 包装机每期累计完成比率(%)

表3 包装机累计挣值、CPI和CV

制造4041624

安装

30

测试

累计

82026365378110132

实际

CAC

累计

挣

7.518243754.576102118

值

CEV

CPI0.940.90.92 1.02 1.020.970.930.89

CV-0.5-2-21 1.5-2-8-14

2.求图中箭线图的关键路径。

ES EF LS LF TS

03744 A

B05500

C3212574

关键路径为：B-D-F-G-H-K

英语翻译模拟试题

英语翻译模拟试题 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate tbe following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我们打篮球的时间到了。 (time) 2．他设法把游客及时送到了机场。 (manage) 3．你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible) 4．应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage) 5．我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant) 6．尽管遭受如重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Although...) 【答案】 1．It’s time for us to play basketball. 2．He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 3．Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points. 5．Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind. 6．Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficult as long as we don’t lose heart. 【解析】 1．考查time的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is time for sb to do sth “该到某人做某事了”。为固定句型。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：It’s time for us to play basketball。2．考查manage的用法和一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，manage to do sth“设法做某事”为固定短语。in time“ 及时”为介词短语，在句中作状语。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time。 3．考查possible的用法和一般现在时。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is possible for sb to do sth “ 某人做某事是可能的”，it作为形式主语完成整个句子，不定式作为真正主语。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．考查encourage的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式就是sb. be encouraged to do sth.另外，此题还考查短语according to（按照）和strong points(长处，特长)。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points。 5．考查形容词短语作状语、定语从句以及find的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为I ，谓语为find， find oneself done表示“发现自己被…”,left behind是“被落在后面了”作宾语补足语。Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about 为形容词短语作原因状语从句。products 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作talk about的

(项目管理)项目管理案例分析

（项目管理）项目管理案例 分析

工程项目管理案例 案例1（30分） 1.背景 图1A421033-1是某项目的钢筋混泥土工程施工网络计划。其中，工作A、B、D是支模工程；C、E、G是钢筋工程；F、H、I是浇筑混泥土工程。箭线之下是持续时间（周），箭线之上是预算费用，并列入了表1A421033中。计划工期12周。工程进行到第9周时，D工作完成了2周，E工作完成了1周，F工作已经完成，H工作尚未开始。 网络计划的工作时间和预算造价表1A421033 工作名称,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,合计 持续时间（周）,3,3,2,3,2,1,2,1,1, 造价（万元）,12,10,25,12,22,9,24,8,9,131 2.问题 （1）请绘制本例的实际进度前锋线。 （2）第9周结束时累计完成造价多少？按挣值法计算其进度偏差是多少？（3）如果后续工作按计划进行，试分析上述实际进度情况对计划工期产生了什么影响？ （4）重新绘制第9周至完工的时标网络计划。 分析与答案 （1）绘制第9周的实际进度前锋线，根据第9周的进度检查情况，绘制的实际进度前锋线见图1A421033-2，现对绘制情况进行说明如下：（4分） 为绘制实际进度前锋线，首先将图1A421033-1般到了时标表上；确定第9周为检查点；由于D工作只完成了2周，故在该箭线上（共3周）的2/3处（第8

周末）打点；由于E工作（2周）完成了1周，故在1/2处打点；由于F工作已经完成，而H工作尚未开始，故在H工作的起点打点；自上而下把检查点和打点连起来，便形成了图1A421033-2的实际进度前锋线。（6分） （2）根据第9周检查结果和表1A421033中所列数字，计算已完成工程预算造价是：A+B+2/3D+1/2E+C+F=12+10+2/3×12+1/2×22+25+9=75万元（4分） 到第9周应完成的预算造价可从图1A421033-2中分析，应完成A、B、D、E、C、F、H,故：A+B+D+E+C+F+H=12+10+12+22+25+9+8=98万元（3分） 根据挣值法计算公式，进度偏差为：SV=BCWP-BCWS=75-98=-23万元，即进度延误23万元。进度绩效指数为：SPI=BCWP/BCWS=75/98=0.765=76.5%,即完成计划的76.5%。（3分）（3）从图1A421033-2中可以看出，D、E工作均未完成计划。D工作延误一周，这一周是在关键路上，故将使项目工期延长一周。E工作不在关键线路上，它延误了二周，但该工作有一周总时差，故也会导致工期拖延一周。H工作延误一周，但是它有二周总时差，对工期没有影响。D、E工作是平行工作，工期总的拖延时间是一周。（8分） （4）重绘的第9周末至竣工验收的时标网络计划，见图1A421041-3。与计划相比，工期延误了一周，H的总时差由2周减少到1周。（4分） 案例2 1.背景（30分） 某宿舍楼土建工程，建筑面积为15548㎡，全现浇钢筋混凝土结构，地下1层，地上14层。业主要求承包单位按工料单价法中的以直接工程费为计算基础

完整版项目管理案例经典分析珍藏版

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目录 案例三：TCL项目研发成本的控制案例．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（1）问题1：TCL公司项目成本控制的关键是什么？研发成本的控制有效吗？为什么？．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（1）问题2：TCL公司应如何从全局出发来考虑项目成本的控制?．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（2）问题3：请简述项目成本控制的目的和作用？．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（2） 案例四：三峡工程的进度管理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（3）问题1：请问三峡工程项目进度计划管理的特点?为什么要分三大层次即业主层、监理层和施工承包商层进行进度管理 (3) 问题2：为什么说项目进度的管理与控制关键在于项目进度基准计划？为什么进行项目进度基准计划修改必须慎重？...................................．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（4）问题3：从三峡工程的时间管理中你能学到什么？．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（5）参考文献．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（6）

案例三：TCL项目研发成本的控制案例 问题1：TCL公司项目成本控制的关键是什么？研发成本的控制有效吗？为什么？ 答：（1）TCL以研发过程的成本控制和目标成本作为整个项目成本控制的关键，从细节出着手，分析预算成本，保持成本和收益的联动关系，维持成本和收益的一定比例。 （2）非常有效，TCL成功的关键之一就是对项目研发成本的控制。 TCL的发展不仅有赖于敏锐的观察力、强劲的研发力、生产力、销售力，还得益于对项目研发成本的有效控制与管理，使产品一进入市场便以优越的性能价格比迅速占领市场，实现经济效益的稳步提高。 （3）由于成本在广义上包含了设计（研发）成本、制造成本、销售成本三大部分，也就是说，很多人在成本控制方面往往只关注制造成本、销售成本等方面的控制。 如果以研发过程的成本控制作为整个项目成本控制的起点，这才是产品控制成本的关键。研发成本的控制有效。 我们知道，一个产品的生命周期包含了产品成长期、成熟期、衰退期三个阶段，这三个阶段的成本控制管理重点是不同的，即设计成本、生产成本、销售服务成本。实际上，产品研发和设计是我们生产、销售的源头之所在，一个产品的目标成本其实在设计成功后就已经基本成型，作为后期的产品生产等制造工序（实际制造成本）来说，其最大的可控度只能是降低生产过程中的损耗以及提高装配加工效率（降低制造费用）。 有一个观点是被普遍认同的，就是产品成本的80％是约束性成本，并且在产品的设计阶段就已经确定。也就是说，一个产品一旦完成研发，其目标材料成本、目标人工成本便已基本定性，制造中心很难改变设计留下的先天不足。 如何保证我们设计的产品在给定的市场价格、销售量、功能的条件下取得可以接受的利润水平，我们在产品设计开发阶段引进了目标成本和研发成本的控制。目标成本的计算又称为“由价格引导的成本计算”，它与传统的“由成本引导的价格计算”（即由成本加成计算价格）相对应。 产品价格通常需要综合考虑多种因素的影响，包括产品的功能、性质及市场竞争力。一旦确定了产品的目标，包括价格、功能、质量等，设计人员将以目标价格扣除目标利润得出目标成本。目标成本就是我们在设计、生产阶段关注的中心，也是设计工作的动因，同时也为产品及工序的设计指明了方向和提供了衡量的标准。

英文编辑面试试题

英文编辑第一轮笔试 Reading Comprehension In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the world—with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc.—to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms. In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership. At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities—while still popular in elite colleges and universities—have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials (资质) for most nonacademic careers. Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of “real world” education—which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished (贫困的) without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do. It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both. 1. In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _______. [A] solve virtually all existing problems [C] help raise people’s living standards [B] quicken the pace of industrialization [D] promote the nation’s social progress 2. Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World WarⅡ? [A] They wanted to improve their own status within the current education system. [B] They believed the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies.

英语翻译题题库

英语翻译题库 Translation. Directions: This part is to test your ability to translate English to Chinese. Each of the 10 sentences is followed by four choices of suggested translation marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer. 1. When exporting goods, it is essential to arrange insurance cover in case the goods are lost or damaged in transit. A.为了促进货物出口, 减少货物的丢失或者损坏, 必须发展保险业. B.出口时, 货物基本上都会上保险, 这样货物就避免了丢失或损坏. C.出口货物时必须办理保险, 以防货物在运输过程中丢失或者损坏. D.出口前货物一般都会上保险, 以便在货物遗失或损坏后得到赔偿. 2. If we do not receive payment by the end of this month, we will have no alternative but to take legal action. A.如果本月底我们还收不到付款, 我们将会采取除申诉以外的一切行动. B.如果在本月底我们仍未收到货款, 我们别无选择, 只能采取法律行动. C.如果本月底我们还收不到订货, 我们就不得不采取其他办法了. D.如果本月底我们还收不到订购的货物, 我们就不得不拒绝付款. 3. Party B has the right to a written notice to Party A under the following conditions. A.乙方在下述情况下有权以书面通知甲方取消合同. B.乙方有义务在下述条件下通知甲方签定书面合同. C.乙方在下列条件下有权拒绝接受甲方书写的合同. D.乙方在下列情况下才得有权与甲方终止书面合同. 4. I have already given instructions for the task to be taken up first and the engineers doing the job to work overtime. A.我已下达指示, 首先要承担这项任务, 并且从事该项工作的工程师们必须加 班. B.我已做了说明, 从事该项工作并肯加班的工程人员具有优先权来参与这项 任务. C.我已经下达指令, 涉及该项工作的人员应首先接受该项任务, 并且要加班工 作. D.我已做了解释, 首先必须有工程师们愿意加班工作才能有可能来完成这项 任务. 5. Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man. A.尽管电子计算机有许多优点，可是它不能理解创造性工作，也不能代替人类。 B.有许多优点的电子计算机也不能代替人类去做创造性工作。