搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 英语语法 第二章 句子结构

英语语法 第二章 句子结构

英语语法  第二章 句子结构
英语语法  第二章 句子结构

1 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

2.Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for us,driving our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.

3.Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century,because nowhere in nature is it found free,owing to its always being combined with other elements,most commonly with oxygen,for which it has a strong affinity.

4. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learningEnglish seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the languagehave been understood.

5.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds,if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating ◎animals.◎

6.All they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match

7.We all know that China is still a developing country and its education

still lags behind that of developed countries.

8.In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler,they won many victories,which led them to believe that anything was possible and that nothing could stand in their way.But Russia's icy defender proved them wrong.

9.Making a living as a door-to-door salesman demands a thick skin,both to protect against the weather and against constantly having the door shut in your face.

10.The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.

1.The task was finished by our group.

2.Are you finished with your breakfast?

3.Are you listening to me carefully?

4.My hobby is listening to music.

5.My job is teaching .

6.I am teaching now.

7.My dream is traveling around the world.

8.During the summer holiday , I was traveling in Nepal.

语法缩略语

英文语法名称缩略1 语法成分:grammatical elements 1.1词素:morpheme 1.2.词:word 1.3.短语:phrase 1.4.分句:clause 1.5.句子:sentence 2.动词的种类:type of verb 2.1.动词的特征: 2.1.1时态的变化tense, 2.1.2.语态的变化voice,语态voice:分为主动语态action voice和被动语态passive voice 2.1.3语气的变化mood.大致分为三类: 2.1. 3.1.陈诉语气indicative mood 2.1. 3.2.祈使语气imperative mood 2.1. 3.3.虚拟语气subjunctive mood. 2.2动词的分类 2.2.1.限定动词finite verb和非限定动词non-finite verb 2.2.1. 1.限定动词有时态的变化,并且要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。

2.2.1.2.非限定动词指-ing分词(-ing participle,-ing分词分为动名词gerund 和现在分词present participle)、-ed分词(-ed participle)和动词不定式(infinitive),它们不受时态、人称、数和语气的影响。 2.2.2.主动词main verb(也称实义动词lexical verb/notional verb)和助动词auxiliary verb(又可以分为基本助动词primary auxiliary;情态助动词modal auxiliary) (情态动词modal verb属于助动词。) 2.2. 3.连系动词linking verb和及物动词transitive verb和不及物动词intransitive verb 2.2.4.状态动词stative verb和动态动词dynamic verb 2.3.动词的基本句型(有五种) SVCs:主语+连系动词+主语补足语 SV:主语+不及物动词

初二英语语法总结

初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如: When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的? 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如: Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如: Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京? 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:How should I know? 我怎么知道? Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚? should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如: We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点: 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如: You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如: You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如: We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如:What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于: What does your father do?

英语语法、句式、简单句子结构(透彻分析)

LESSON ONE 句子的三种模式 导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型,注意词性和词序,以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单,但至关重要。掌握好它们,在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。 其实英语只有三种基本句型 ▲主+系动词+表 词序 1 主语 2 系动词 3 表语 即句子的用于连接主语表示主语身份、状态以及主体和表语所处的位置 词性* 名词 代词 Be (is, am, are) * 名词形容词 介词+* 名词(介词短语) 注:*注意该结构中的名词,它们能被定语修饰。 1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher. 主语系表语主语系表语(名词) 2 他(是)很忙。He is busy. 主语系表语主语系表语(形容词)▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。

3 她(是)在教室里。She is in the classroom. 主语系表语主语系表语(介词短语) ▲定语只修饰名词,不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当,形容词放在所修饰的名词之前,而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后,请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 4 幸福是太多和太少之间的一站。--- 英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness i s a station between too much and too little . -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 高个子的男人是从英国来的老师。

形容词介词短语 The tall man is a teacher from England. 介词短语形容词 6. 她在二楼的小教室里。 形容词介词短语 She is i n the small classroom on the second floor. The teacher in the classroom is handsome. My book is o n the deskin the classroom. 表语(介词短语)定语(介词短语)She is in the small classroom on t he second floor.

英语语法 句子成分分析

知识精讲 一、整体把握 成分用法说明位置 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主 体。 陈述句中放在句首或谓语之前;疑问句或倒装句 中放在动词、助动词、情态动词之后;there be结 构中放在be之后;祈使句中常省 谓语对主语加以陈述,说明主语怎 么样或是什么。必须由动词担 任,其人称和数必须和主语一 致。 通常在主语后(疑问句、倒装句除外)。 表语与系动词连用,一起构成复合 谓语,说明主语的性质、特征、 身份、类别、状态等。 常在系动词之后。 宾语表示动作、行为的对象。一般放在及物动词或介词后。间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前。直接宾语是人称代词,间接宾语是名词或两个宾语都是人称代词时,间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,并在间接宾语前加to或for。 定语用来修饰名词或代词,说明人 或物的状态、品质、数量及所 属等。 单个词常在被修饰的词前,短语或句子在被修饰 的词之后;副词作定语常放在被修饰的伺候;形 容词修饰不定代词放在被修饰的伺候。 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词,表 示动作发生的时间、地点、目 的、方式等。 位置比较灵活。 补语补充说明宾语或主语的成分。宾语补足语通常置于宾语之后,主语补足语通常置于主语和谓语之后。 同位语对句子中某一成分作进一步解 释、说明,与前面的被修辞成 分在语法上处于同等地位。 常常置于被说明的成分之后。有时可以放在句子 的前面(主语之前),尤其是主语为人称代词时, 为平衡句子的节奏,则把同位语放置于此代词前。 独立成分独立成分是指句子里的一个词 或词组与全局没有语法上的联 系,不属于句子的组成部分; 一般由感叹语、呼语或插入语 等担任。 可放在句首、句中或句末。 二、细讲:主语 表现形式例句

大学英语语法结构分析

大学英语第三册语法结构分析 (译部分) 1.发言人明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消这次旅行。 The spokesman made it clear that the president would not 主谓语 Cancel (the trip) under any circumstances. 介状 2. 我们相信他所说的,因为他受过良好的教育,出身于受人尊敬的家庭,更重 要的是他为人可靠。 We believ e what he has said , because he is well-educated , comes 主谓主 from a respectable familly and what’s more , he is reliable. 3. 随后后发生的那些事件证明了我的猜疑是对的。 The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again. 谓 4. 在赛后举行的记者招待会上,这位足教练因该队表现不佳而向球迷们致歉。 At the press conference held after the game , the football coach apologized to the fans for his team’s poor performance. 5. 令我们吃惊的是,这位常被赞为十分正直的州长竟然是一个贪官。 To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty tur ned out to be a corrupt official. 谓语 6. 有少数人得到了提升,在这同时却有数万个人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted , but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. 7. 如果有机会,约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家。 Given the chance , John might have become an outstanding painter.

章振邦《英语语法教程》教学大纲

《英语语法》教学大纲 课程编号:2152102 课程类别:专业课 学时:32 学分: 适用专业:英语专业一年级 先修课程:无 一、课程性质、目的和任务 > 《英语语法》为英语专业基础课,英语语法根据英语专业人才培养的要求,旨在对学生进行英语语法基本理论和基本技能的教育和培养。通过本课程的学习,学生应具有基本的理论知识和应用能力,了解英语语法的一些基本知识与概念,了解英语语言的原理、规则与特点,熟练掌握常用的语法知识,语法体系,具备进一步学习英语语言与英语高级语法的基础,并能够在英语口语、阅读、写作、翻译等实际应用中正确使用英语。 课程任务是帮助学生重点掌握英语语法的核心项目,提高学生在上下文中恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性,使学生对英语语法有一个比较系统的了解并借助英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的有关问题。 二、课程教学内容、要求 1.课程教学内容 语法层次;句子结构;主谓一致;名词和名词词组及属格;限定词;代词;动词和动词词组;动词的时和体;将来时间表示法;被动态;虚拟式;助动词;不定式;分词;独立结构;比较等级和比较结构;并列结构;从属结构;关系分句;倒装;省略;替代;语篇衔接 2. 课程教学要求: 1).精讲多练,注重实践2).以学生为中心组织教学3).注意培养语篇水平上应用语法知识的能力。 导论:语法层次

第1讲:句子结构 第2、3讲:主谓一致 第4、5讲:名词、名词词组和名词属格 第8、9讲:代词

~ 第10讲:动词和动词词组 第11、12讲:动词的时和体 ¥ 第13讲:将来时间表示法 第14、15讲:被动态 ^ 第16讲:虚拟式

英语语法大全 句子成分分析

句子成分分析 在句中起着不同语法作用的成分,叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有九种: 1、主语(subject)表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”,是谓语的陈述对象; 通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任: The sun rises in the east. 日出东方。(名词) He hated to see any bird killed.他讨厌看到鸟儿被杀。(代词) To see is to believe.眼见为实。(动词不定式) Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(动名词) Where we shall hold the party is not decided yet.我们还没有决定在何处举行晚会。(主语从句) It’s human to want something better.精益求精是人类的特性。(不定式) 2、谓语动词(predicate verb)说明主语的动作或状态,由动词或动词短语担任: We study English.我们学习英语。(动词) The car broke down on the way.车在路上抛锚了。(动词短语) Do be quiet,children.孩子们,务必安静点。(助动词+连系动词) We are having a meeting now.我们现在正在开会。(助动词+实义动词) Soldiers must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。(情态动词+实义动词) 3、表语(predicative)说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与连系动词一起构成复合谓语,通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任: The next stop is the zoo.下一站是动物园。(名词) The game is yours.你(们)胜了。(代词) I was first! 我第一名!(数词) I feel terrible.我难受的厉害。(形容词) Is your mother in?你妈妈在家吗?(副词) I’m with you.我站在你这一边。(介词短语) Mary’s task is to set the table.玛丽的任务是摆桌子。(动词不定式) Her hobby is growing roses.她的爱好是种植玫瑰。(动名词) The situation is puzzling.形式令人迷惑不解。(现在分词) Do you feel satisfied with the arrangement?你对这安排满意吗?(过去分词) The fact is that they are cross with each other.事实是他们生彼此的气。(表语从句) That’s where you are wrong.这就是你错的地方(表语从句) He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的他了。(表语从句) 4、宾语(object)表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介词短语;通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任: May I have your attention ,please.请大家注意。(名词) I want a little.我要一点。(代词) I need two.我需要两个。(数词) Hope to see you soon.希望能很快见到你。(动词不定式) They risk losing everything.他们冒着失去一切的危险。(动名词) He insisted on seeing her home.他坚持送她回家。(动名词作介词的宾语) I’ll do what I can.我将尽力而为。(从句)

八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结

八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法:宾语从句 结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句:----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says Im good at English. 注意:①主句是一般现在时态,宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句:He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态,宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语,必须用其 -ing 形式。 例句:She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语:direct speech 直接引语

reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思,不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from

初中英语语法——句子成分精讲

一、句子成分精讲 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: 一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 Y our pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot. 常见的系动词

八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结

八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 (2021最新版) 作者:______ 编写日期:2021年__月__日 【导语】要想取得好的学习成绩,必须要有良好的学习习惯。习惯是经过重复练习而巩固下来的稳重持久的条件反射和自然需要。建立良好的学习习惯,就会使自己学习感到有序而轻松。以下是小编为您整理的《八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结》,供大家查阅。 【篇一】 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法:宾语从句结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句:----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)

----He says Im good at English. 注意:①主句是一般现在时态,宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句:He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态,宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语,必须用其 -ing 形式。例句:She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语:direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思,不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词,

英语语法分析句子成分分析

英语语法分析句子成分 分析 TPMK standardization office【 TPMK5AB- TPMK08- TPMK2C- TPMK18】

一、英语中的句子成分分析 I met my best friend Tom at the ststion yesterday. 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例: (1) Students syudy.(名词) (2)We are fridends.(代词) (3)To go to good university is his first goal.(不定式) (4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.(动名词) (5)Jane is good at playing the piano. (6)Four plus four is eight. 2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例: (1)Students study.(实意动词) (2)We are friends.(be动词) (3)We love China . (4)He can speak English.(复合谓语) 3、宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词之后)。 (a)He gave me some books. 间接宾语直接宾语 (b)Please pass me the book. (c)He bought me some flowers. (1)They are teachers. (3) I play with him. (2)We love watching football games. 4、宾语补足语:是对宾语进行补充说明,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。 (1)I found the book interesting. (2)Do you smell something burning? (3)He made himself known to them. (4)She asked me to lend her a hand. 5、定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词)。 (1)This is a red sun. (2)The black bike is mine. (3)He is a tall boy. (4)She is a chemistry teacher. (5)The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher. 6、状语:是用来说明动词,形容词,副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分,常由副词担任。 (1)The students study hard. (2)I often write to him. (3)The bag is too heavy. (4)I will be back in a while. 7、表语:系动词后的部分就是表语,表语是用来说明主语的性质或状态。 be(am,is,are,were,was),apear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,

英语语法基本知识——句子成分

句子成分 不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫句子,一个句子由各种功能不同的部分组成,这些部分叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有7种,主语,谓语,表语,宾语,定语,状语,补语。它的构成方法与中文很象,中文分:主,谓,宾,定,状,补,六类,再加上表语就形成了英文的形式。 下面主要是从词类的角度来分析句子成分: 一.主语 句子所要说明的人或者事物,是句子的主体,通常放与句首,一般不省略,可以担当主语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和主语从句。下面依次举例: Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 二.谓语动词 说明主语动作或者状态的句子成分,一般又实义动词或者系动词担任,助动词和情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也可以构成谓语动词 Actions speak louder than words The chance may never come again. Tom was very sick at heart. Mary has been working at the dress store since 1994. 注意:英语中最基本的原则就是:一句话,只能有一个谓语动词 三.表语(现代某些语法书直接把表语归类到了补语当中) 是用来说明主语的身份,特征和状态,它的位置在系动词之后。可作表语的有名词,代词,形容词与分词,数词,动词不定式与动名词,介词短语,副词以及表语从句。下面依次举例:My father is a professor. Who’ that? It’s me. Everything here is dear to her. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others. Three times five is fifteen. His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hid your feelings. 四.宾语 宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾

英语语法现在进行时归纳总结

英语语法现在进行时归纳总结 一、单项选择现在进行时 1.-- I am afraid I can’t help you with your project. I ________ a model these days. -- It doesn’t matter. I will finish it by myself. A.make B.will be making C.am making D.have made 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:考查动词时态。句意:我恐怕不能帮你完成项目了,这几天我要做一个模型。没关系,我会自己完成。表示这几天一直要做的事情,用一般现在时表示将来,故选C 项。 考点:考查动词时态 2.—I some courses at university,so I can’t work full time at the moment. A.take B.am taking C.took D.have taken 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查动词的时态。句意:因为我正在上学,所以不能在这时候做全职的工作。根据下方提到so I can’t work full time at th e moment 可知我正在上学,故选B 项。 考点 : 考查动词的时态 3.The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers the main pipe.A.repair B.repaired C.have repaired D.are repairing 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:考查动词的时态。句意:因为工人正在修理主管道,所以水供应暂时被切断。根据语境表示,修理管道这件事正在进行,所以选D项。 考点 : 考查动词的时态 4.– Do you think we should accept that offer? -- Yes, we should, for we ___such bad luck up till now, and time __ out. A.have had; is running B.had; is running C.have; has been run D.have had; has been run 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词的时态。 句意:---你认为我们应该接受那个建议吗? ---是的,我们应该,因为到目前为止我们已经运气很糟糕,并且时间也正在被耗尽。

英语语法句子成分分析和练习题

如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. (时光飞逝。)这两句话中分别由代词They ,名词Time 作主语。 主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语 That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble. 他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。(从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs.(他喜欢唱歌。) 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing 动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。

大学英语语法存在句

存在句 存在句(existential sentence)传递新信息,引出新话题。这种句型之所以要用there做形式主语而把实义主语置于动词之后正是为了让这种实义主语成为信息中心,以达到引出新话题的目的。 1.在句的结构特征 存在句是以there作为引导词或形式主语,谓语动词通常是助动词be或其他含有存在意义的动词的一定形式;动词之后跟有通常叫做实义主语或真主语的名词词组;实义主语之后通常跟有地点状语,有时还带时间状语。因此,存在句的结构模式是:There+be+NP+Locative Expression(+Temporal Expression). 1)存在句的引导词 存在句的引导词there在句子中居于主语的位置,实义主语虽然是随后的名词词组,但there起形式主语的作用,在疑问句中,它和操作词倒装: Are there any people in the hall? There is a typewriter in the room, isn’t there? 在非正式语体中,引导词there 还决定主谓一致关系,既动词的单,复数形式间或并不取决于随后的名词词组而取决于引导词there.例如: Ther e’s some people in the waiting room.(非正式语体) There are some people in the waiting room. 要区别存在句的引导词there 和句首状语there ,前者不重读,后者须重读。 2)存在句的实义主语 在存在句中作实义主语的名词词组通常是非确定特指,即通常带有不定冠词,零冠词及其其他表示非确定意义的限定词,如some, any, no, several, many, much, more, a few, a little, less, another, a lot of , plenty of, a large number of , enough, 以及基数词等,而且名词中心词还可以带有前置,后置修饰词。例如: There is a cherry tree in my garden. There are roses in the flower beds. There’s no one in the house, is there? There is still a lot of work to be done before the house in ready for occupation. There are many people still with too low a standard of living. There are fifteen students in my class. Is there any cheese in the larder? 作为存在句实义主语的名词词组也可以由some-, any-, no- 的合成词构成。例如: There’s something that you don’t know. There is nothing more to do. Is there anyone coming to dinner? 由上述猪咧可以看出,存在句的实义主语一般都是非确定特指,正因为如此,前面所说的基本句型凡带有非确定特指的名词词组,一般都可以用there-存在句予以转换。例如:No one was waiting. There was no one waiting. Something must be wrong. There must be something wrong. Plenty of people are getting promotion

【英语】英语语法副词归纳总结

【英语】英语语法副词归纳总结 一、单项选择副词 1.He wasn’t to lift the case. A.too strong B.enough strong C.strong enough D.so strong 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查enough的用法。句意:他没有力气提起箱子。此处enough“足够”是副词,修饰形容词时放在形容词后面。故选C。 2.The man should be excused because he caused the damage _______. A.deliberately B.unintentionally C.meaningfully D.determinedly 【答案】B 【解析】 句意为这个人应该被原谅,因为他是无意中造成了伤害。故选unintentionally无意地。 3.Instead of hiding behind walls, a defender sometimes must ________ engage and disable enemy forces before they strike. A.flexibly B.actively C.primitively D.conservatively 【答案】B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. flexibly易曲地,柔软地;B. actively活跃地,积极地;C. primitively最初地,自学而成地;D. conservatively保存地,保守地;句意:守卫者有时必须在敌方部队攻击前________吸引火力并打倒他们,而不是躲在墙后面。只有选B表示“积极地吸引火力”符合语境。 4.Pollution has reached high level in some urban areas, which is quite worrying. A.disturbingly B.slightly C.exactly D.flexibly 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词。句意:在一些城市污染已经到了令人不安的程度,这是相当令人担忧的。根据后边which is quite worrying这是相当令人担忧的,可知前边污染已经达到了令人不安的程度。A令人不安地;B轻微地;C恰好地;D灵活地。故选A。 5.They gave mo ney to the old people’s home either _____ or through their companies. (安徽2015) A.legally B.sincerely

英语语法基本句子结构

英语语法基本句子结构 课程名称:大学英语语法 学院:电子信息与电气工程学院 学生姓名:王磊 学号:201102010054 专业班级:自动化2011级(1)班 指导教师:李国云 2013年 6 月8 日

英语语法基本句子结构 语法是对现成语言中规则的归纳和总结,以便学习者更快模仿掌握一门外语。所以语法知识很重要,你不能用汉语的语法规则来造英语的句子,那样懂英语的人读不懂,同样不懂英语的语法规则也绝对读不懂英语短文。 不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫句子,一个句子由各种功能不同的部分组成,这些部分叫做句子成分。 一个句子一般由两部分组成:主语部分和谓语部分。根据各个句子成分在句子中所起得作用,可分为主语、谓语或谓语动词、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语等。 主语 全句述说的对象,常由名词、代词、名词性短语或分句充当,一般置于句首。下面依次举例: Walls have ears. Football is my favorite. Three plus four equals seven. 谓语或谓语动词 说明主语的动作或状态,主要一般又实义动词或者系动词担任,助动词和情态动词加其他动词的适当形式充当,一般置于主语之后。 They should have finished their work. The chance may never come again.

注意:英语中最基本的原则就是:一句话,只能有一个谓语动词 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动名词等,不定时式也可做及物动词的宾语。下面依次举例:She refused to read that terrible book. We haven’t seen her for a long time. He needs a new dictionary. 表语 表述主语的身份、状态、特征,常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语或分句充当。置于联系动词之后。联系动词一般有be,become,turn,get,grow,seem.,appear,look,sound,smell,feel 等。 My father is a professor. The milk has turned sour. Everything here is dear to her. 定语 是修饰名词或代词的词,短语或从句。作定语的有名词,形容词,数词,分词机器短语,不定式及其短语,介词短语以及定语从句等。下面依次举例:

相关主题