高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之事实细节题型(正稿)

高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之事实细节题型

阅读理解满分秘籍——理解题干的要求是核心，分析选项的特点是基础，读懂原文的主旨是条件。做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。

事实细节题型

高考《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求是：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；

（2）理解文中具体信息；

……

《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求的第一点是理解主旨要义。第二点就是理解文中具体信息。理解文中具体信息是阅读理解的基础，是考生透彻理解文章主旨要义的条件。具体信息是围绕文章主题展开的，是对文章主题的进一步解释说明，以便让读者更好地了解作者的写作目的、意图等。对应的题型就是事实细节题型。主要考查考生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。该题型是阅读理解部分的主要题型，几乎占了阅读理解的二分之一。充分理解文章具体信息，不仅有助于事实细节题型的答题，而且有助于其他题型的答题。

事实细节题型特点

事实细节题型主要考查考生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。通常会针对以下内容来出题。

1. 列举

主要考查考生对文章里列出的具体内容是否都完全清楚，通常都是三点或四点，主要针对两种题型：Which题型（要求考生从选项中选出根据文章内容正确的选项）和except题型（要求考生排除三个正确的选项，选择根据文章内容错误的选项，通常称为“三缺一”）。

要求考生正确理解原文内容，并进行细致对比。

2. 转折与对比

转折处常常是作者想要表达的内容，是语义的重点，一般通过转折词but, however, yet, actually / in fact / as a matter of fact 等或对比词unlike, not so / as …as, compared to等引导。

要求考生培养良好的逻辑思维能力，理解作者的真实意图。

3. 因果

文章中的因果关系，可以用because, since, now that, for, as, so, therefore, moreover, thus, consequently，as a result / consequence, as a result / consequence of, on account of, thanks to, due to, owing to等连词、介词或短语，也可以是cause, result in, contribute to, lead to, originate from 等动词（短语）或base, basic, result, consequence等名词。

要求考生能理解文章上下文的前因后果，是高考必考题。

4. 举例

由like, as, such as, for example, for instance等引导的举例说明。

要求考生找到它要说明的内容，不能张冠李戴。

5. 数字与时间

文章上下文中出现不同的数字或时间。

要求考生把出现的这些数字或时间之间的逻辑关系理解清楚，并进行简单的计算。

6. 最高级、绝对性与唯一性

文章中若出现most + adj. / adv.或者adj./ adv. + est等最高级或first, must, all, only, anyone, always, never, none等绝对性词，或only, unique, simply, just等表示唯一性词往往是出题点，但答案可能不是这些词。

要求考生对作者表达事物的层次进行细致理解，不能有偏差。

7. 专有名词

文章中的专有名词包括人名、地名或其他专有名词。

要求考生能够迅速找到这些词在文章上下文中的具体意义和作用。

8. 插入语

文章中的插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结；有时表达说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密一些。

要求考生理解文章上下文的逻辑关系，读懂作者的真实意图。

9. 特殊符号

文章中的破折号——对上文解释说明或补充；含义的递进；含义的转折或转换；对上文的总结。括号------对上文起解释或补充说明的作用，但是削弱了强调的作用。冒号-------用于对后面内容的介绍或解释。引号-----表示引用他人的话或者表示特殊含义或强调。

要求考生能够知道作者使用这些符号的具体用意。

事实细节题的命题

对于事实细节题的命题，出题人主要根据上面提到的出题点，列出下列题型。直接信息题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。) 、语义转换题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论。)、逻辑排序题、数字换算题、是非判断题、图表图画题等。

1.直接信息题（全国卷II和III要考）

在高考英语阅读理解试题中，假如答题信息可以直接从文中获取，我们称之为直接信息题。直接信息题常用特殊疑问词when、where、who、what、why 和how 等来提问，有时前面还加上According to the passage。考查考生对于文章中的具体内容的理解能力。做题时，考生首先找到原文中与题干要求相对应的准确信息，然后与选项内容进行分析对比即可确定最佳答案。即题干定位法。

例如：

1.（2017·全国1,A片段）

Pacific Science Center Guide

Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store

Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于）upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome

Hungry?

Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our cafe offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The cafe is located up-stairs in Building I and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes

Rental Information

Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building I near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.

Q: Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center’s Store?

A. In Building 1.

B. In Building 3.

C. At the Laser Dome

D. At the Denny Way entrance.

【解题思路】

第一步确定题干中的关键词

本题题干的关键词是：where; souvenir

第二步根据关键词定位信息句

本题信息句是：Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于）upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome

答案：B

【干扰项分析】

A、C、D三项张冠李戴。位于一号楼的咖啡馆和问询处等均不出售纪念品，排除A项；文章第一部分提到商店毗邻Laser Dome，而不是说在Laser Dome可以买纪念品，排除C项；根据文章第三部分中的“Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance."可知，在Denny Way的入口处可以租借婴儿车和轮椅而不能买纪念品，排除D项。

2. 语义转换题（核心题型）

在高考英语阅读理解试题中，如果正确的选项是对文中信息进行了同义的转换，比如用近义词替换原文词语，我们称之为语意转换题。语意转换题考查考生对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理的能力，是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。做题时，考生需要准确理解每个选项的意思，寻找与原文信息相关的近义词、同义词或反义词，仔细比较选项和原文信息，才能选出最佳答案。即断章取义法。

例如：

(2016·全国I A）

A

You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams(1860-1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson(1907-1964)

If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)

When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.

22. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?

A. Her lack of proper training in law.

B. Her little work experience in court.

C. The discrimination against women.

D. The poor financial conditions.

【解题思路】

第一步确定题干中的关键词

本题题干的关键词是：O'Connor; the law firm

第二步根据关键词定位信息句

本题的信息句是：When Sandra Day O’Connor finished in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.

第三步对比信息句和选项，得出答案

根据信息句可知，0'Connor找不到工作是因为她是一名女生。可见，这是由于当时对女性的偏见和歧视造成的。

答案：C

3. 逻辑排序题

在高考英语阅读理解试题中，要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序，我们称之为逻辑排序题。逻辑排序题考查考生对篇章是理解和文

章的逻辑关系。做题时，考生需要通读全文，把全部有关信息找出，并按时间、地点或事件等的逻辑顺序排列，重点是找出第一个和最后一个，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出最佳答案。即首尾定位法。

例如：

（2014·四川，C)

C

A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffer ed a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.

Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.

Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.

However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest .Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived .

Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: "I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The

doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital

with a big footprint on his

"She's a little star," said Debbie, "i was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert."

Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.

He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.

Q: What's the right order of the events?

①. Dlzzy kicked Colm.

②.Debbie called 999.

③. lzzy learned CPR.

④.Colm's heart stopped.

A.③①②④

B.④②③①

C.③④②①

D.④③①②

【解题思路】

第一步通读文章，了解故事情节

由上下文可知，lzzy先前了解了一些CPR的知识，后来她父亲因过敏反应，心脏停止了工作，Izzy的母亲Debbie拨打了999急救电话，然后lzzy采取了急救措施。

第二步找出四个事件发生的先后顺序

事件一：③lzzy learned CPR.

事件二：④Colm's heart stopped.

事件三：②Debbie called 999.

事件四：①Izzy kicked Colm.

答案：C

4. 数字换算题

在高考英语阅读理解试题中，要求考生把文章上下文中出现不同的数字或时间之间的逻辑关系理解清楚，并进行简单的计算，我们称之为数字换算题。数字换算题考查考生对文章的内在的逻辑关系的理解能力。做题时，考生需要根据题干的要求在文章中找到对应的信息，然后对相关的信息和数字进行分析和计算，从而确定最佳答案。即查读分析法。

例如；

（2015·四川，C 片段）

C

Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers. But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.

Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as￡172,000 a year.

The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income ￡30，000 more than the Prime Minister earns.

By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate 79 hours as overtime. After questioning 1,000 mothers with children under 18,it found that ,on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.

To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part -time lawyer, personal trainer and entertainer. Being a part -time lawyer, at ￡48.98 an hour, would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jibs”,with psychologist （心理学家）a close second.

It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional （情感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.

Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.

The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. The emotional, physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never -ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing （投入）in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.

38. How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?

A.￡30,000.

B.￡142,000.

C.￡172,000.

D.￡202,000.

【解题思路】

第一步 确定题干中的关键词

本题题干中的关键词是：mother;the Prime Minister

第二步 根据关键词定位信息句

本题的信息句是：1 Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn much as 172.000 a year.

2 This would make their yearly income 30.000 more than the Prime Minister cams.

答案：B (172.000-30.000=142.000

5. 是非判断题

此类试题多根据文章的一段或数段提问，考查考生在现实生活中的阅读技能，即快速、准确寻找所需信息的能力。这种题目因为覆盖面较广，搜索定位时间较长，因而难度较大，容易给考生带来心理压力。因此考生遇到此类题型时，首先要调整心理状态，冷静地返回到文章中去寻找答案。在解题时可采取以下步骤：

1) 读懂题干和四个选项的内容，提炼和记忆它们的主要意思;

2) 带着问题去阅读文章，扫描和搜寻信息点，与题目不相关的句子和语段很快掠过，相关信息语言区域则要放慢速度，细致地对照原文和选项提供的信息；

3)“对号入座”，找到解题范围后，立刻排除明显的干扰项，然后“逐个突破”，对余下的选项进行筛选，使选项的范围越来越小，最后确定最佳答案。即去伪存真法。

例如：

(2016·四川，D)

D

A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.

Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.

The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.

Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.

Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.

While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.

Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.

Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.

33. Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?

A. It’s been tested on mice for ten times.

B. It can make people more energetic.

C. It exists in milk in great amount.

D. It’s used in sleeping drugs.

【解题思路】

第一步根据关键间找出相关信息句

本题的信息句是：A:Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during day time...

B : Researchers have discovered that " night milk " contains more melatonin(褪黑激素）,which has been proven help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.

C : Researchers have discovered that " night milk " contains more melatonin...

D : ... taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night .

第二步对比选项与信息句，逐项击破

A项与信息句毫无关联；

B项与信息句意思相反；

C项范围扩大化；

D项与信息句符合。

答案：D

6. 图表图画题

在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。

例如：

（2009安徽高考）

Q：The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008，______.

A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 points

B. the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchanged

C. the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decrease

D. the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase

【思路剖析】由柱形图可以清楚地看出，拥有电脑的亚洲家庭的数量急剧增加，其他三项表述都与图表不符，故D项正确。

【答案】D

事实细节题型常见的设问方式

高考英语阅读理解事实细节题常见的设问方式有：

1. According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.) …?

可有可无的表达

2. Which of the following statements is correct/true?（三误一正）

=Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?

3. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?（三正一误）

=All of the following statements may be true/false except …

=Which of the following is not the result of…?

=The author mentions all of the following except…

4. Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?

5. Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of…?

=Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what…is like?

……

事实细节题型选项特征

1. 事实细节题答案设置特点

1）换词法

对原文句子中的关键词进行同/近义词或短语的替换，成为正确选项。

2）简化法

把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。

3）变换语态法

把原文中描述事实的语态进行转化，如原文使用的是被动语态，而在选项中转化成主动语态，成为正确答案。

4）正话反说法

把原文中句子的意思反过来表达，成为正确选项，常用于“选择错误的选项”题型。

2. 正确答案的特征

1）体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的选项；

2）同义替换；积极向上；标新立异；new 或objective（客观的）选项；

3）非绝对化的选项，如：can, could, may, might, usually, most, more or less, be likely to, whether…or…, possible, suggest, not necessarily, etc.；

4）含义相反；不够合理的选项；

5）概括性、抽象性的选项；

6）复杂、含义深刻的选项；

7) 被动语态；系表结构选项；

8）带有some的选项，如：someone, somebody, sometime, something, certain, etc.；

9）含“变化”的选项，如：change, delay, improve, vary, shift, alter, variation, etc.；

10）含“重要的、基础的”选项，如：important, necessary, essential, significant, vital, fundamental , basis, be based on, etc.；

11）含“相互作用”的选项，如：interface, effect, each other, affect, respond, adapt to, influence, relationship, cooperation, depend/dependent, etc.；

12）含“因果关系”的选项，如：cause, lead to, result in/from, bring about, contribute to, etc.; 13）含“控制、处理”的选项，如：control, handle, deal with, do with,etc.；

3. 干扰项的特征

1）偷换概念

如果选项看起来与文章的内容几乎一模一样，小心可能是陷阱题，一般都是偷换概念。通常出题人故意把原文中关键词或限定词等去掉或用其他词进行替换。做题时，考生必须把选项中的每个方面都与原文对应起来，特别注意不定代词、情态动词、形容词、副词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。因为词语替换后表达可能存在程度的差异，要看是否在合理的范围内。否则就可以判定为偷换概念，比如把“不肯定”绝对化。例如：all, any, no, none, must, have to, always, merely, only, never, completely, entirely, absolutely (表原因、方法例外) 等。张冠李戴，正误并存，扩大(缩小)范围，把未然当已然，以偏概全等都是偷换概念常用的干扰项。2）文不对题

选项中的描述与原文完全一致，的确是原文中的一个事实细节，但与题干的问题不符，这种选项就是典型的文不对题。这时候就要回到题干，明确应选择的选项是题干所问的选项，做到题干、选项与原文的完美结合。

3）无中生有

明显与文章内容相反或不符；符合常识，但并非文章内容。这类选项，首先排除。这也提醒考生一定要把文章读到位，了解作者到底要告诉我们什么，否则考生很容易上当受骗。

事实细节题解题方法

解答事实细节题时，细心，细心，再细心。

做题时，考生首先把题干理解到位，根据题干的关键词在文章中快而准地锁定目标信息，以便节省时间和减少反复寻找细节的麻烦。对细节的考查通常涉及一些长难句，对此，不要惊慌，首先判断是简单句还是复合句，若是简单句，先找句子的主、谓、宾，理解其主要意义，再理解附属成分的意义。若是复合句，先判断主句和从句，再分析各自的意义，最后理解整句意义。理解到位后就是分析选项，细心对比，选出最佳。具体做到：顺序原则、定位法、排除法。

1. 把握解题的顺序原则

高考出题基本都是按顺序出题，考生可根据这一原则快而准的找到题干在文章中对应的基本信息。个别题有例外。

2. 关键信息定位法

在阅读题干的时候迅速地把题干中有标志意义的词或词组画出来，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。

1）表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词；

2）表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的名词；

3）题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等。

3. 排除法

1）排除法就是根据文中信息，排除与文中信息不符的干扰项。在做题时，要根据题干中的关键词，在文章中找到相关句、段的内容，仔细对照，将不符合原文意义的选项排除，反之则是正确选项。

2）排除法尤其适合于解答“三对一错”或“三错一对”类的是非判断题。依据原文去理解和确定选项，就是说要把选项内容与原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合文章内容所叙述的事实细节，然后确定答案。

失误原因剖析

1. 似是而非，不求甚解

2. 粗心大意，审题不严

3. 自以为是，脱离原文

综上所述，通过对事实细节题的题干设置、选项特征、解题方法等进行比较全面、深入、细致的分析，我们知道，答题时要力求紧扣文章中心及作者的写作思路来寻找解题的线索。选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。平时考生就要培养分析、归纳和总结的意识和能力。只有这样，考生才能具备敏锐的判断力和准确的题感。最终在高考中取得优异成绩。

练习：

A

Christmas is a time for eating great food, giving and receiving presents, and most importantly spending time with your family watching some classic Christmas movies.

The Grinch(2000)

This is a Christmas must-watch and one of Jim Carrey's best performances. It was also originally a nursery tale book written by Dr Seuss. It's the story of a green monster who wants to ruin Christmas but in the end discovers the power of love and generosity. I promise it's a great film with plenty of laughs along the way.

Love Actually(2003)

While this is not a personal favourite of mine, people in the UK absolutely love this film. It has many featuring actors and actresses. It might be a little difficult to follow as there are complex plots, so I recommend watching a translated version. However, the heart-warming elements of the film make it worth watching.

Home Alone(1990)

This amusing masterwork is one of my favourite films of all time. It tells the story of a boy, Kevin, who is left alone in his house when his large family forgets to take him on vacation with them. While other family members are away, burglars try to rob the house and Kevin must protect his home by setting traps. The trips, falls and traps will have you laughing out loud as you watch

an 8-year-old boy beat two grown men.

Miracle on 34th Street(1994)

You can't have Christmas in an English-speaking country without watching this movie. It's not funny like Home Alone or The Grinch, but it is incredibly touching. It's about a man who claims to be Santa, but nobody believes him except a lawyer and

a little girl. The story line may seem a little childish but you can enjoy it at any age

1. Which film is adapted from a fairy tale?

A. The Grinch.

B. Home Alone

C. Love Actually.

D. Miracle on 34th Street.

2. What is Home Alone mainly about?

A. An unsuccessful family vacation.

B. A boy protecting his home by himself.

C. A terrible suffering of a little boy.

D. An 8-year-old boy's practical jokes.

3. Why is Miracle on 34th Street so popular?

A. Owing to its moving plot.

B. Because of its funny story.

C. Due to its childish story line.

D. Because of its famous actors and actresses.

B

Dr. Amanda Harris was ready for sleep since it was already11 pm. The phone rang. On the other end of the line was a woman about to break a promise. The woman was her mother's neighbor. Flora Harris had made the neighbor swear she wouldn't tell her daughter she'd had a heart attack and was in hospital. The neighbor wisely decided to disobey orders.

Amanda desperately wanted to get to the hospital immediately, but she couldn't. She lives in Washington D.C., and her mother lives in California. For the past year and a half, Amanda has gone to Los Angeles every other month to take care of her mother. Flora Harris takes care of her husband, James, who is 91 and has Alzheimer's disease. They live in their own home, and a caregiver comes to help them a few hours a day. Amanda is one of many Americans facing the heartache of how to take care of aging parents from afar. She's often worried and guilty, not to mention busy with a demanding job, two teenage daughters and the frequent trips to California .

In some ways, Amanda is lucky. She has the resources to make the trips to Los Angeles. Plus, she is a doctor who treats the elderly. She's treated countless patients whose children live far away.

"But it's still tough," she says. " I can foresee what the next few years are going to look like, and it's not a pretty picture. There will come a time when my father won't recognize me and I worry he's going to be violent and hurt my mother." So what do you do when you live a continent away from your aging, sick parents? You can hire someone to help, but you can't count on it completely.

1. Why is Amanda worried and guilty?

A. She is tired of taking care of her husband.

B. She cannot afford to go to California often.

C. She cannot take good care of her aging parents.

D. She has heart disease and cannot do a demanding job.

2. The author considers Amanda lucky because ________.

A. her parents are well cared for by a caregiver

B. she has experience of treating the elderly

C. her parents are not very old

D. she has a lot of free time

3. What's one of the symptoms of a person with Alzheimer's disease?

A. Having no sense of pain.

B. Having heart attacks often.

C. Always feeling worried and guilty.

D. Being unable to recognize relatives.

4. The writer writes this passage in order to _________ .

A. stress the importance of tending aging parents

B. give some advice on tending aging parents from afar

C. introduce the current situation of aging parents in the USA

D. show the difficulty of tending aging parents living far away

A篇：ABA B篇：CBDD

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阅读专题-----细节题 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题 主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题 两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就 能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类 题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若 干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类： 一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能 在原文中直接找到。 一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工 或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题 型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重 要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属 于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问 题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找 到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障 碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要 回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。

高考英语阅读理解篇全汇总版

小希老师给同学们总结了2018高考英语真题所有阅读理解的A篇，适合高中各个年级的学生练习及备考使用。 【全国Ⅰ卷】 A Washington, . Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, . Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, . Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for . newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, . in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

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（一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文

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2017年高考英语阅读理解练习题2

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A 1. The word “homework” in the first paragraph refers to ______. A. work that is given by teachers for students to do at home B. Websites such as https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0211313959.html, and https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0211313959.html, C. tools and suggestions offered by websites D. market research and informal research

2. The underlined sentence in the passage means that you’d better ask for a raise ______. A. when the employer has a normal pulse rate B. when the employer is in a good mood C. when the company has a good financial situation D. when the company’s practices are more flexible 3. Which of the following is NOT true? A. The employer will give you a raise because of your personal reasons. B. You should show them that you’re worthy of a salary increase. C. You can tell your boss the exact number of salary increase you want D. Schedule a meeting with your boss but don’t push too hard. 4. It can be inferred in the last paragraph that ______. A. If your boss won’t give you a raise, you’d better take fewer responsibilities. B. It is a wise way to get a raise by letting your boss know you are doing more. C. Only if you find a proper time to talk with your boss will you get a raise. D. You should schedule a meeting within a few months to discuss the matter again. B Here’s one number to keep in mind during your next cell phone conversation: 50. A new experiment shows that spending 50 minutes with an active phone pressed up to the ear increases activity in the brain. This brain activity probably doesn't make you smarter. When cell phones are on, they emit (发出) energy in the form of radiation that could be harmful, especially after years of cell phone usage. Scientists don't know yet whether cell phones are bad for the brain. Studies like this one are attempting to find it out. The 47 participants in the experiment may have looked a little strange. Each one had two Samsung cell phones attached to his or her head — one on each ear. The phone on the left ear was off. The phone on the right ear played a message for 50 minutes, but the participants couldn't hear it because the sound was off. With this set-up, the scientists could be sure they were studying brain activity from the phone itself, and not brain activity due to listening and talking during a conversation. After 50 minutes with two phones strapped to their heads, the participants were given PET scans. The PET scan showed that the left side (the side with the phone turned off) of each participant's brain hadn't changed during the experiment. The right side of the brain, however, had used more glucose, which is a type of sugar that provides fuel to brain cells. These right-side brain cells were using almost as much glucose as the brain uses when a person is talking. This suggests th at the brain cells there were active ― even without the person hearing anything. That activity, the scientists say, was probably caused by radiation from the phone. Henry Lai, who works at the University of Washington in Seattle, is uncomfortable with the data related to cell phones. Holding a cell phone to your ear during a conversation is “not really safe,” Lai told Science News. Lai is a bioengineer at the University of Washington in Seattle. He wrote an article about the new study for a journal, but he did not work on the study. Bioengineers bring together ideas from engineering and biology. For those who don't want to wait to find out for sure whether cell phones are bad for the brain, there are ways to talk more safely. You can have short and sweet conversations, use a