(完整版)第一讲_高中英语阅读理解-事实细节题.doc

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第 1 讲事实细节题

理解是高考英理解中占比重最大的一型, 旨在考考生事

的理解。主要 who, what, which, why, how, when, where 等来提 , 可能只文章中某一特定的 , 也可能涉及若干个。

【考纲解读】

1.从近几年施的考来看，不是数量增加，而且度也稍有增加，表：答案

需要跨段落搜集信息；目置序与全文序不一致；目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致。

2.以考言运用能力主，考言知，考的重点将向篇能力的运用方面斜，要求考生运用自

己的合能力和知构去解。

【命题规律】

考理解文章主要的，命人一般都是通文章加以改写来考准确理解的能力。

有可能是直接理解，但多数情况下是接理解。要求在理解的基上，通思将理解的内容系化，条理化，比如算，排序，等。

【命题趋势】

事呈增多。目将由的找信息向多次推理合，答案需要跨段落搜集信息，考事的不太多。

【常考点清单】

1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?

2.What does the writer pay least attention to?

3.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage?

4.All of the following statements may be true/false except?..

5.Which of the following is not the result of?.?

【重点难点】

1.语义转换

[ 技巧点 ]

然的答案一般可以在文章中直接或接地找到, 但是与材料一模一的正

确是几乎没有的。而是用不同的或句型表达相同的意思, 即意。解注意

以下几点：

1. 序性原：一般来 , 序与其眼在文章中的序相同。如第 53 的答案信息会在第 52 的答案信息之后。

2. 定位信息点：通法 (scanning), 用干中的关在文中搜索, 迅速确定相关句或

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信息点所在的位置 , 缩小阅读范围。题干中可用来在文中搜索的关键词可能是专有名词、数

词、实体名词 , 以及这些词的同义表达等。

3.理解信息点：在找到关键词句后 , 要仔细阅读 , 准确理解 , 对照选项 , 看哪个选项的意思与之最

接近。

4.排除干扰项：在作出选择的过程中 , 要善于辨别真伪 , 排除干扰 , 不断缩小范围 , 选出正确答案 ,

这就是我们常说的排除法。干扰项一般具有以下特征：

(1)杜撰事实 , 无中生有。文中根本找不到任何相关信息, 完全由命题人所捏造。

(2)偷梁换柱 , 以假乱真。采用原文中的句式和大部分词汇 , 但换了个别词 , 改变了原意或范围。

(3)半真半假 , 虚虚实实。干扰项与原文相关细节部分相同, 部分相悖。

(4) 文不对题 , 滥竽充数。干扰项是文中的事实细节, 但与题干要求不符。

[ 经典例题 ] ----

In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes

happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.

I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on

my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because

those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’ t get to see this soft side o others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of

pretending. But only when we stop pretending we strongre’bravedoweorallow people to show

the kindness that’ s in them.

1. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ____.

A. they offer their help

B. they receive others’ help

C. they feel others’ kindness

2.The author feels sad sometimes because ____.

A. he has a soft heart

B. he relies much on others

C. some people pretend to be kind

D. some people fail to see the kindness in others

2.是非判断

[ 技巧点拨 ]

这里的是非判断题, 主要是指 true 或 not true, 以及含 except 等词的这类题。解答这类题 ,

一定要看清 , 是选与文章内容相符的选项还是选不相符的选项 , 或是选文中没有谈及的内容。

特别注意： NOT true 这类题，要求选出一个错误选项, 也就是说 , 有三个选项是正确的。

考生千万不要看到一个正确选项时, 就以为这是要选的正确答案呀, 这点非常容易出错。Not

true 这类题涉及的信息点跨度大, 要注意作记号。

[ 经典例题 ]--

Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an

illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly.

The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever

is one of the most common symptoms.

Certain microorganisms( 微生物 )cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release ( 释放 )poisons that make people sick.

Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processes, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.

Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.

When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small...

1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Food poisoned can make people sick.

B. Food poisoning means death.

C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.

D. Food poisoning can be serious.

2.Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT ____.

A. some chemicals

B. low temperatures

C. some tiny living things

D.

certain natural materials

【课堂练习】

【1】 For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without

any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is

about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?

Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?

A. Both can continue for generations

B. Both are about where to draw the line

C. Neither has any clear winner

D. Neither can be put to an end

【2】 The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. What were the people asked to do in the study?

A. To make a face at each other.

B. To get their faces impressive.

C. To classify some face pictures.

D. To observe the researchers’ faces.

【3】 After World War Ⅱ , the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where

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population shifts （转移） to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs.

Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World WarⅡ ?

A. Because older American cities were dying.

B. Because they were richer and needed more space.

C. Because cities contained the worst pare of society.

D. Because they could hardly afford a live in the city.

【4】 When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’sChinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.

【5】 It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all,

their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries. Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog ’legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.

From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers __________.

A. worked very hard for centuries

B. dreamed of having a better life

C. were poor but somewhat content

D. lived a different life from their forefathers

【6】 During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.

Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?

A ． To find more food.

B ． To protect themselves better.

C． To keep themselves warm.D． To produce their young.

【课后巩固练习】

【1】 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever

is one of the most common symptoms.

We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning _________.

A. are always accompanied by a fever

B. are too common to be noted

C. can be noticed within hours

D. can be ignored

【 2】 Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives amazingly. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, aircraft cross the world a day, while computers operate at

lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts（吹嘘）of saving precious seconds in

handling tasks.

The new products become more and more time-saving because______..

A. our love on speed seems never-ending

B. time is limited

C. the prices are increasingly high

D. the manufacturers boast a lot

【3】 Too much TV- watching can harm children ’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television

on children.

One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs

in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than

children without bedroom TVs.

According to the California study, the low-scoring group might _________.

A. have watched a lot of TV

B. not be interested in math

C. be unable to go to college

D. have had computers in their bedrooms

【4】 Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago. After getting a PhD in English in Canada, she took a test for Frommer's travel guides, passed it, and got the job. After working

at Frommer's, Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London, then Fodor's, where she

fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U.S. that she moved there.

Now as a travel writer, she spends one-third of her year on the road. The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson, Arizona.

Which country does Jarolim live in now?

A. Mexico.

B. The U.S.

C. The U.K

D. Canada

【5】 Amy Johnson was born on July 1, 1903, in Hull Yorkshire and lived there until she went to Sheffield University in 1923 to read for a BA. After graduating, she moved on to work as a secretary to a London solicitor （律师） where she also became interested in flying. Amy began to learn to fly at the London Aeroplane Club in the winter of 1928-1929 and her hobby soon became

an all-consuming determination, not simply to make a career in aviation（航空）,but to succeed in some projects, which would demonstrate to the world that women could be as competent（能干）

as men in hitherto （迄今为止） male dominated field.

Her first important achievement, after flying solo, was to qualify as the first British-trained

woman ground engineer. For a while she was the only woman G:E. in the world.

Early in 1930, she chose her objective: to fly solo （fly by herself ）to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler ’ s record of 16 days. At first, her efforts to rais e financial （经济的） support failed, but finally Lord Wakefield shared the 600 pound purchase prices of a used DH Gypsy Moth （GAAAH ） and it was named Jason after the family business trademark.

Amy set off alone in a single engine Gypsy Moth from Groyson on May 5, 1930, and landed

in Darwin on May 24, an epic flight of 11,000 miles. She was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.

In July 1931, she set an England to Japan record in a Puss Moth with Jack Humphreys. In July 1932, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Puss Moth. In May, 1936, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Percival Gull , a flight to retrieve （gain again ） her 1932 record.

With her husband, Jim Mollison, she also flew in a DH Dragon nonstop from Pendine Sands,

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South Wales, to the United States in 1933. They also flew nonstop in record time to India in

1934 in a DH Comet in the England to Australia air race. The Mollisons were divorced in 1938.

After her commercial flying ended with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Amy joined

the Air Transport Auxiliary, a pool of experienced pilots who were ineligible （不合格） for RAF service. Her flying duties consisted of ferrying （ carrying by plane ） aircraft from factory airstrip

（起落地带） to RAF （英国皇家空军） bases.

1.What did Amy Johnson do after she graduated from Sheffield University?

A. She became a secretary to a London solicitor.

B. She went to the air force.

C. She became the first female group engineer in the world.

D. She began to learn to fly at an aero plane club.

2.Which of the following is false?

A. Amy Johnson spent her childhood in Sheffield.

B. In Amy Johnson ’ s time, aviation was a male dominated field.

C. Amy Johnson flew solo for several times.

D. Amy Johnson was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.

3. According to the passage, how many records Amy had set?

A. Three .

B. Four .

C. Five .

D. Six .

4. How did Amy solve the financial problem when in early 1930 she chose her objective: to fly

solo to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler ’ ss?record of 16 day

A. She successfully raised financial support.

B. She shared the money necessary for the flight with her husband.

C. A businessman shared the purchase price of a used plane with Amy ’ s father.

D. Her father gave her the money.

高考英语阅读理解练习题集(附答案)

高考阅读理解技巧 一、阅读理解题选材 高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1. 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。 二、英语阅读文体类型 学会分析体裁的能力对我们做好阅读理解来说是非常重要的。由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次，所以我们可以根据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁： ●记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、 what、where、why与how。文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 ●描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出 现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。 ●说明文用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主 题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。 英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法： 1，定义与诠释说明； 2，举例与引用说明； 3，分类与图表说明； 4，比较与比喻说明； 5，分析与综合说明； 就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。 ●议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据 从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有： 1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总； 2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系； 3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系； 4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。 ●应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清 作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。

细节英语阅读理解题及答案10篇

英语阅读理解最新详解-如何应对阅读理解中的细节题和推理题 一、做细节事实题的方法 在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：(1) 凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2) 干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。 二、做推理判断题的方法 所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题主要有以下几种： 1．事实推断 这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。例如：According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? A. You often play football with your friends after school. B. Your teacher has got a cold. C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn't been caught. D. The bike in front of your house is lost. 在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字： Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don't want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be "bad" news. 根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事必须是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。 2．指代推断 确定代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。 3．逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。 4．对作者的意图和态度的推断 这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。 阅读理解10篇 Many children use the Internet to get useful knowledge and information, and to relax in their free time. But some of them are not using in a good way. Here are some rules to make sure you are safe and have fun on the Internet.

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