英语-研究生期末样题

ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAM (Sample Test)

FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS

TIANJIN UNIVERSITY

PART 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Section A:

Directions: In this section, you will hear 9 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. You must read the 4 suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

1. A. The conversation doesn’t say.

C. They will go roller skating. B. They will go ice skating.

D. They will stay at home.

2. A. The two speakers are good friends.

B. The man is inviting the woman to meet again.

C. The man is simply saying good-bye to the woman.

D. The two speakers care about each other.

3. A. He is tall.

C. He wears a green shirt. B. He wears glasses.

D. He has a mustache.

4. A. She wears pants.

C. She is serious-looking. B. She wears a dark T-shirt.

D. She has long hair.

5. A. The man is apologetic for what happened.

C. The man is the husband of the wife.

B. The man will replace the table cloth.

D. The woman asks the man to keep his word.

6. A. The man has it.

C. It’s in th e library. B. The woman has it.

D. It’s at home.

7. A. In the middle of the hall on the first floor.

B. In the basement.

C. In the middle of the hall on the second floor.

D. On the stairs.

8. A. It’s opposite the church.

C. It’s on the other side of the street. B. It’s quite far away from here.

D. It’s side by side with the church.

9. A. Sending a letter in the post office.

C. Returning some books to the library. B. Cashing a check in the bank.

D. Visiting her son’s teacher at school.

Section B:

Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the 4 suggested choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Questions 10 to 12 are based on the following passage.

10. A. It’s in one time zone.

B. It is divided into five time zones.

C. It’s divided into twenty-four time zones.

D. It cannot be crossed in five days.

11. A. You set it ahead one hour in each new time zone.

B. You set it ahead one hour for the whole trip.

C. You set it back one full day for each time zone.

D. You set it ahead by twenty three hours.

12. A. The beginning of any new time zone.

B. Any point where time changes by one hour.

C. The point where a new day begins.

D. Any time zone in the Pacific Ocean.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following passage.

13. A. Training interpreters.

B. The work of an interpreter.

C. The importance of an interpreter.

D. The president and his interpreter.

14. A. A college degree.

B. A good command of the vocabulary of a foreign language.

C. An adequate knowledge of at least two languages.

D. The ability to make a speech over a loudspeaker.

15. A. Most interpreters in the US don’t have steady work.

B. 150 interpreters work for the US.

C. Full-time interpreters are paid better than part-time ones.

D. Full-time interpreters are hired only when there is a special job to do.

Section C: 答案填在答题纸上

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from （1）to （5）with the exact words or expressions you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

Animals traveling from one country to another have to follow laws, just as people do. They don’t have to have (1)____, but they have to obey other rules. Most countries have laws about animals coming into their country. The laws were made to stop the spread of diseases that animals carry.

(2)___ include cats and dogs going with their masters on trips. Others are rare animals going to zoos. Some are birds and fish on their way to pet-shops.

Some animals cannot go into a country unless their owners can prove that they have been vaccinated against certain diseases. Others must be (3)___ by animal doctors.

Sometimes animals must spend a month or more in a special place before they can enter a country. The animals are (4)___. There, they are kept away from other animals until it is certain that they don not have a disease. Only the people who care for the animals can go near.

There are many different laws in each country. Anyone who wants to take a pet to another country should (5)___ with the government first. Laws are made to protect both people and animals.

PART II: Vocabulary

Directions: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

16．The minister of education recently promised ____ incentive grants to the teachers who intend to reform their teaching methods.

A. obvious

B. colorful

C. substantial

D. resolute

17. ____ in the book and reference lending should be given to the doctoral candidates who are to finish their dissertations in their last year’s study.

A. Promotion

B. Preference

C. Precaution

D. Priority

18. Wealthy people often ____ in winter days to warmer sunnier countries.

A. motivate

B. migrate

C. immigrant

D. emigrate

19. To join a fitness program, ____ must be within a certain height and weight range.

A. voters

B. partners

C. designers

D. participants

20. Some demographers remain ____ about the population growth and stress that population growth is, at any rate in the long term, a good thing.

A. subjective

B. objective

C. hopeless

D. optimistic

21. The ____ of undergraduate experience should be assessed by the performance of the graduate in the workplace and further education.

A. reaction

B. impact

C. capability

D. proficiency

22. Citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining ____ of tooth decay.

A. consequence

B. trait

C. accident

D. incidence

23. The major goal of the tourism department is to ____ more people to visit its country at the turn of the century.

A. induce

B. respect

C. reduce

D. arouse

24. The workers strongly ____ their factory director for neglect of duty.

A. indicated

B. demonstrated

C. announced

D. denounced

25. Having shut himself in his study for a while, he went to a movie to ____ his mind from his worries.

A. relax

B. extract

C. attract

D. distract

26. In Japan, by contrast, no single car-producer dominates, and the impetus for ever greater

innovation and lower prices springs less from international competition than from the intense __________ within Japan itself.

A. incentive

B. rivalry

C. recession

D. dilemma

27. He enjoys his food and wine, but does not allow its enjoyment to __________ the image

which is important chiefly to himself, and then to his public.

A. distort

B. manifest

C. glorify

D. squint

28. No reason was given for the departure of Rourke at the time, and this only served to

__________ speculation.

A. intimate

B. acquaint

C. intensify

D. inspect

29. However, he was a writer with a number of plays to his credit, none of them great successes

but all __________ note.

A. short of

B. clear of

C. ashamed of

D. worthy of

30. Failure to _________ with the regulations can result in a $10,000 fine or a six-month prison

sentence.

A. consult

B. comply

C. coincide

D. compete

PART III. CLOZE

Directions: In this part of the test, you’ll read an incomplete passage with10blanks. Read the passage carefully, and choose the best answer from choices marked A, B, C and D. Then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.

Today it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tires of the automobile move American through work and pay: wheels _31_, and people drive off to their jobs; _32_ turn, and people shop for the week’s food at the big supermarket down the highway; hubcaps whirl, _33_ the whole family spends a day at the lake. Each year more wheels crowd the highways as 10 million new cars roll out of the factories. _34_ every six Americans works at assembling cars, driving trucks, _35_ roads, or pumping gas. America without cars? It’s _36_.

But even though the majority of Americans would find _37_ to imagine what life would be like without a car, _38_ have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily, and large cities are _39_ by traffic congestion. Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine _40_hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. These gases are one _41_ of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gase s are poisonous and dangerous to one’s health, especially for someone with a _42_ heart or a respiratory disease.

One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that _43_ pollute. That’s what several major automobile manufacturers are trying to do.

But building a clean car is _44_ said than done. So far, progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fume altogether by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and _45_. But most of us won’t be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop practical models that are powered by electricity or steam.

31. A. move B. moving

C. spin

D. spinning

32. A. Cars B. Workers

C. People

D. Tires

33. A. so B. but

C. and

D. as

34. A. Almost B. Among

C. One in

D. One out

35. A. build B. built

C. to build

D. building

36. A. unthinkable B. possible

C. predictable

D. uncertain

37. A. hard B. it hard

C. possible

D. it possible

38. A. some B. few

C. experts

D. car makers

39. A. embarrassed B. plagued

C. panicked

D. paralyzed

40. A. turns B. fires

C. burns

D. purchases

41. A. type B. resource

C. way

D. source

42. A. weak B. kind

C. strong

D. quick

43. A. does not B. prevents

C. reduces

D. preserves

44. A. often B. easier

C. hardly

D. no more

45. A. gas B. electricity

C. turbine

D. water

PART IV READING COMPREHENSION

Passage 1

In April 1865, when John Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre, the curtain finally fell on a play that had begun almost as soon as the American colonies gained their independence from England. In 1776, America’s Declaration of Independence declared that “all men are created equal”; 44 years later we were wrestling with a question: how can a nation founded on the idea of individual freedom reconcile itself with the existence of human slavery?

In 1819, 22 states were in the Union, 11 Free, 11 Slave. The South’s ec onomy was based on the growing of cotton, and cotton was profitable only on the back s of slaves. As new states were admitted to the Union, the South wanted as many as possible to be slave states, not only to support their economy, but to prevent the North from obtaining a majority in Congress and quite possibly changing the Constitution to outlaw slavery completely. The issue came to a head when Missouri applied to be admitted as a slave state. Thomas Jefferson called the debate that began with Missouri “l ike a fireball in the night, which awakened me and filled me with terror. I considered it at once the knell (丧钟) of the nation.”

War was avoided this time as compromise was reached and Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. Maine, the next state admitted to the Union, would be admitted as free, thereby preserving the balance of power in the Congress.

By1860，when the new Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln for President, compromise would no longer work. Lincoln wanted to contain the spread of slavery. With Lincoln’s election in November of that year, the South felt that it was only a matter of time before the Southern States lost their slim Democratic Party majority to those who wished to abolish slavery. It was in this same year that John Wilkes Booth said that “So deep is my hatred for such men that I wish I had them in my grasp and I the pow er to crush.”

Equally passionate, Lincoln held that America was the “Last Best Hope on Earth” for freedom. The United States was unique in the family of nations. Of all the nations in the world, only America was governed by her people. Kings, Queens, Princes or Emperors ruled all the old countries, where rights held by the government and given to the people. In America, rights were held by the people and given to the government. The irony was that the Old World had done away with slavery decades before, yet here the United State, beacon of Freedom – had human bondage (奴役). Lincoln said it himself, “the nation cannot exist half-slave and half-free, it must be all of one thing or all of the other.”

46. We learn from the first paragraph that ________ .

A. the seeds of the American Civil War were sown when the nation was founded.

B. John Wilkes Booth had plotted to kill Lincoln from the moment America gained its

independence

C. all men in America obtained equal rights with the Declaration of Independence

D. John Wilkes Booth sh ot Lincoln at the end of a performance in Ford’s Theatre.

47. The fundamental conflict between the Union and the South lies in _________ .

A. religious faiths

B. political beliefs

C. economic interests

D. geographic differences

48. It can be inferred from the context of Para. 4 that ________ .

A. John Wilkes Booth was one of the firebrands of the south

B. the Democratic Party was strongly opposed to slavery

C. with the election of Lincoln the South lost its majority in Congress

D. the Civil War could have been avoided if Lincoln had not won the election

49. What did Lincoln wish to do when he became President of the United States?

A. Make compromises.

B. Prevent the spread of slavery.

C. Strike a balance.

D. Get prepared for war.

50. In what way was America unique in the family of nations?

A. It was the only nation that allowed the existence of slavery.

B. It was the only nation that existed half-slave and half-free.

C. It was the only nation whose government gave rights to the people.

D. It was the only nation whose government was elected by the people.

Passage 2

Back in 1986, Noble Prize winner David Baltimore authored a paper that said that inserting a special mouse gene into a certain strain of mice caused changes in the host mouse’s antibodies – a finding that promised to be significant for genetic modification of the immune system.

A postdoctoral researcher in the lab, Margot O’Toole, found she was unable to reproduce some of the reported results in her own experimental mice. Her attempts to resolve the problem with her immediate boss, Dr. Thereza Imanishi-Kari, led O’Toole to suspect defects or errors in the original research and she made her suspicions public.

One thing led to another, and in time, O’Toole found herself in touc h with two researchers at the National Institutes of Health (N.I.H.) Ned Feder and Walter Stewart, who had risen to public prominence in the mid-1980s as fraud-busters. These self-appointed watchdogs took up her cause with eagerness, and the nature of her complaints began to shift from claims of shoddiness to accusations of dishonesty and cover-up.

Against a background of public anxiety about fraud in science, the case came before an N.I.H. scientific panel. The press began to portray （描绘）the idealistic O’Toole as a martyr sacrificed by her scientific seniors: it was said, wrongly, that she had lost her job and her home, and had been cold-shouldered by the establishment. The cover letter to a draft report from the N.I.H. committee said Imanishi-Kari was guilty of “serious scientific misconduct” and accused Baltimore of a cover-up. The fact that he had stuck by his co-workers was read as proof of his arrogance and irritation at having his own authority challenged.

The crucial time came in 1989 when Representative John Dingell pressed a series of Congressional hearings. A man dedicated to rooting out the misuse of Federal funding, not least by unaccountable scientists, he was handed a gift on a plate when Baltimore lost his cool under questioning, alleging that the investigation represented a threat to scientific freedom and implying that none but scientists had the right to monitor themselves, because they alone could understand how science works. Dingell then launched a humiliation exercise. He brought Secret Service to examine Imanishi-Kari’s lab notebooks in hopes of uncovering after-the-event tampering. The affair took on the air of a scientific Watergate, and science itself seemed to be on trial.

This could not have come at a worse moment for Baltimore: he had just taken up a highly prestigious appointment as president of Rockefeller University. A whispering campaign, probably involving jealousies, forced Baltimore’s resignation after just 18 months.

If the rise and fall of Baltimore seemed to unfold with all the inevitability of a Greek tragedy, there was, after a fashion, a happy ending. Eventually the pendulum (钟摆) of opinion started to swing. Dingell began to be represented as a latter-day Joseph McCarthy. Imanishi-Kari and Baltimore assumed O’Toole’s role of victim, seen as the targets of a new “Galileo trial” or a witch hunt being carried out by the “science police.” When Imanishi-Kari appealed against the findings, a further scientific review board was convened, and she was officially exonerated of (排除…嫌疑) fabrication. She got tenure, and in 1997 Baltimore, no longer typed as a conceited bigmouth but praised for his loyalty, was appointed president of the California Institute of Technology.

51. The story took place when ________ .

A. fraud in science was becoming a public concern

B. Baltimore’s honesty as a scientist was being questioned

C. there was a growing awareness of the misuse of Federal funds

D. genetic modification food seemed feasible

52. In this story, O’Toole played the role of ________ .

A. a victim of the witch hunt carried out by Representative John Dingell

B. an involuntary accomplice （同犯，帮凶）unfairly used by the science police

C. an honest researcher who dared to challenge a Nobel Prize winner

D. a martyr sacrificed by the scientific establishment

53. What was the fatal mistake Baltimore made?

A. He questioned the right of Congressmen to investigate the case.

B. He stood by Imanishi-Kari and tried to cover up her misconduct.

C. He played into his opponents’ hands when he gave O’Toole the cold shoulder.

D. He lost his cool and got irritated when his authority was challenged.

54. Judging from the context, Joseph McCarthy was very probably a person who ________ .

A. was notorious for starting the investigation of Galileo’s case

B. was a famous character in a Greek tragedy about a witch hunt

C. used unsupported accusations to obtain his own purposes

D. was a man who was suspicious of new scientific discoveries

55. It can be inferred from this passage that ________ .

A. science police plays an important role in eradicating fraud in science

B. scientists run great risks in advancing new theories about nature

C. politicians have got no right to monitor the work of scientists

D. it is sometimes difficult to tell truth from falsehood in science

Passage 3

Certainly, the concept of a “death with dignity” has become an increasing focus of debate, not the least because of medical progress that has brought about a major increase in the number of retired and aged persons. The issue has generated lots of legislation, much of which confuses rather than clarifies an important question in euthanasia: Who will pull the plug?

In general, the laymen’s view of euthanasia is one of “mercy killing,” or active intervention to end life, with little or no concept of the possibility of a passive form.

I make no excuses and ask no forgiveness for admitting that I have practiced passive euthanasia for many years. In fact, I gave instructions to the doctor attending my own mother in her last illness that she should receive no antibiotics nor be tube-fed. At that stage, she was in her 98th year, suffering from her third stroke and unconscious with pneumonia.

I have never practiced active euthanasia, a deed that in my country is regarded as murder and could merit the death penalty. But I do believe that in the clinical practice of medicine, active euthanasia has a definite place. I also believe that we should not be afraid to discuss its place in the scheme of things and to explore the possibilities in this approach to the terminally ill.

I cannot accept the simple statement that a doctor does not have the right to take life; furthermore, I believe the greatest difficulty is to define life. I myself have defined it as joy in living. Given the absence of this quality, the request of the suffering person and the satisfaction of other criteria such as good faith on the part of those caring for the person and the completion of legal requirements, there is no ethical reason why active medical euthanasia may not be administered.

Indeed, I have always wondered at the kind of person who would mercifully end the life of a suffering animal, yet would hesitate to extend the same privilege to a fellow human being.

As a scientist and a humanitarian, I find society’s attitude toward the different ways of causing the death of an individual both hypocritical and illogical. Consider that, for as long as man has inhabited the earth, he has accepted with few reservations the right to kill and be killed on the battlefield, even when this leads to not only his own but multiple deaths.

I have talked to legal, ethical and medical authorities in many parts of the world on the need for active euthanasia. Again and again the same questions came up:

Who will decide when a life is to be terminated and how can mistakes be avoided?

Would doctors perhaps misuse the right to take life by getting rid of the people they do not like?

Does a doctor have the right to play God?

If it is feared that a doctor is playing God when he terminates a life, it can just as readily be argued that he is playing the same role when he prolongs the life of a terminally-ill patient. And surely, when the terminally-ill person develops an inter-current infection that will cause death if not treated, are we not also interfering wi th God’s will by instituting treatment and preventing the patient from dying of the infection?

56.What is the layman’s understanding of euthanasia?

A.Killing somebody out of pity because he is in severe pain.

B.Ceasing feeding of the patient.

C.Stopping treatment.

D.Death with dignity.

57.What does the author think of active euthanasia?

A. It is a form of human cruelty.

B. It should be allowed for the terminally ill.

C.It is interference in God’s will.

D. It is ethically wrong even if legally permissible.

58.Why does t he author say society’s attitude toward the different ways of causing the death of

an individual is both hypocritical and illogical?

A. A single death is much dwelled on while multiple deaths go unnoticed.

B.Passive euthanasia is overlooked while active euthanasia is penalized.

C.Ending the life of a suffering animal is called mercy while doing the same to a human is

called murder.

D.Euthanasia is condemned while killing on the battlefield is accepted without reservation.

59.What is the chief problem that may arise in administering euthanasia?

A.Abuse of this practice.

B.Religious opposition.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0318915068.html,pletion of legal procedures.

D.The defining of life.

60.According to the author, in giving treatment to a terminally-ill patient, the doctor is

________ .

A.doing a disservice to society

B.performing humanitarian obligations

C.increasing his suffering

D.interfering with God’s will, too

.

PART V TRANSLATION

Section A

Directions: Read the following passage in English carefully and translate it into Chinese in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.

Online Friendship

In so many ways, cyberspace mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love. Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person’s thoughts—or at least the thoughts they type—are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat room star. Usually, this “faceless” communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They’re looking for serious love relationships. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.

Section B

Directions: Read the following passage in Chinese carefully and translate it into English in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.

今天我们生活在一个包装了的世界。在当今过于拥挤的市场上，开发一种产品只是一个开始。包装赋予产品独特的个性，并使之区别于其竞争对手。同样，在当今竞争激烈的世界，人们为了生存，像产品一样，必须包装自己去赢取越来越少的机会。他们必须把自己包装得看起来更有竞争力，更为有价值。尽管一想到任何事物都要屈服于残酷的市场规律时会令人惊恐，但这是我们不得不面对的现实。

PART VI. Writing:

Direction: White a composition of about 150-200 words on one of the following topics.

A． It is a waste to offer or receive more education than what one needs to function in his job. To what extent do you agree with the above statement? Give examples to support.

B. We Need Dreams

研究生英语模拟题附答案

Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points> Section A (0. 5 point each> Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each

sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet. The draught has caused the depletion of supplies and rising of prices. 16 A. storageB. Reference C. exhaustion D. exchange 注释: depletion耗尽，用尽；reference提及，涉及；exhaustion 竭尽；storage存储；exchange交换。Social interaction lectures for the purpose of accomplishing some aim and is always directed toward specific other people. 17 A. interplay B. event C. behavior D. action 正确答案：A注释:interaction意为“相互作用”，interplay亦含有此意。action行动；behavior行为；event事件。The century-old hostilities between the two tribes eventually terminated through the persistent efforts of the local government. b5E2RGbCAP 18 A. vanished B. diminished C. worsened D. shrunk正确答案：B注释:terminate(使>停止；vanish消失；diminish(使>

研究生英语期末考试试卷

ad if 命 封 线 密

A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.

在职硕士英语试题及答案

2011年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题 PartⅡ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 11. This crime fiction was _______very popular but nobody reads it today. A. once B. ever C. never D. always 12. American woman were ________the right to vote until 1920. A. ignored B. refused C. deprived D. denied 13. Experts have _____ with effective measures to prevent the disease from spreading. A. caught up B. put up C. come up D. kept up 14. We cannot trust Steve any more because he often ____his duty. A. cancels B. abandons C. deserts D. neglects 15. In the early 1980s, though Coke was the leading soft drink, it was losing market _______to Pepsi. A. part B. share C. place D. ratio 16. There is no cure for the disease yet, but these drugs can ______its development. A. break down B. take down C. slow down D. track down 17. In the desert, even a small cup of water may be a ______of life or death. A. business B. matter C. fact D. thing 18. S he had yet become accustomed ______ the fact that she was a rich woman. A. for B. with C. about D. to 19. The organization has published a ________ digest of environmental statistics for five years. A. regular B. frequent C. random D. fixed 20. I want to see the old part of the town where the essence of Beijing is best _____. A. observed B. reserved C. preserved D. conserved 21. Reporters rushed to the airport after the CNN reported that nine passengers ______by a ―terrorist‖ on the plane. A. were holding B. hold C. had held D. were being held 22. Not long ______she registered a new number, she received five calls in one day. A. afterwards B. after C. ago D. since 23. Nice words may win friends, but only one’s good personality can hold ______. A. it B. those C. that D. them 24. It was _______ the chief engineer came _______we began the experiment. A. not until ; that B. not until ; then C. until ; that D. until ; when 25. About fifty million Americans are active in ________ is called fitness walking. A. that B. which C. what D. something 26. We waited for the decision for the whole afternoon, only _______ to return the next day. A. to be told B. were told C. being told D. having been told

研究生英语模拟题(附答案)

研究生英语模拟题(附答案) Part I Vocabulary(20 points) Section A: Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are our choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. Furthermore, we did not want to join the legions who conquered their guilt en route to new depths of _______ rottenness A. retrospective B. narcissistic C. subjective D. prescriptive 2. What they were hearing, as it turned out, were the ______ left over from the first explosion, the hissing echoes of creation. A. reverberations B. propriety

C. repercussive D. imminentness 3. When Title 13 of the U.S. Code forbade publication of an individual’s records, a complex series of steps gradually increased ________ protections. A. assurance B. diffidence C. confidence D. confidentiality 4. Others came with skills and ________. Many were born in the US to immigrant parents. A. imagination B. effluence C. affluence D. medication 5. James Dean, in “Rebel Without a Cause,”is certainly larger than life, but the teenage angst that he ______ the confusion almost all adolescents feel in the journey from childhood to adulthood. A. articulates B. displaces C. disposes

在职研究生考试(英语)试题

在职研究生考试(英语)试题 2019年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语试卷 Paper One Part I Oral Communication (10 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Dialogue One A. It's the other man I'm talking about B. They had been in there for about 5 minutes C. I thought you said there were three men Burney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with the gunme all your money” and the other one - Police officer:_____1______? Burney: No, there were two men and a girl. ___2___the one carrying the suitcase,well, he goes up to the other guy - Police officer: The one with the gun? Burney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she - well, all the other people behind the window - they hand over piles of money and two men put it into the suitcase and they run out. It was l:35._____3_____ Dialogue Two A. They still make movies like that B. I like a good story C. People today don't like that Speaker A: I like watching old movies and I think they are the best. Speaker B: I agree with you, even though they're in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color. Speaker A: And there was no violence in old movies. Speaker B: No, there wasn't._____4_____. Speaker A: They like lots of action. Speaker B: ____5____. Speaker A: I like to see actors who are like real people. Speaker B: Like real people with real problems. Speaker A: ___6____. Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money. ，the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don't know, “Give

考研英语模拟试题及答案

2018考研英语模拟试题一及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty." Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology. 1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout 2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior 3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host 4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep 5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting 6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on 7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted 8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out 9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined

武汉大学研究生英语期末试题 答案及评分 2009级

Keys to Paper A (1---65 题每题一分，客观题共65分) 1-10 B D A C B C C D A B 11-20 A B D A C A D C B D 21-30 B D C A B D C A C B 31-45 D A D A B D C A C B C D C A B 46-55 A D C A B A C C D D 56-65 A C D B D A B C C D Part IV 汉译英（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 1. China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. (2分) 2. An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung cancer. （2分） 3. In our times, anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary education. With the development of science, more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schools. Compared with the education in the past, modern education places more stress on practicality. (3 分) 英译汉（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 4. 程式化思维是人们交流的绊脚石，因为它有碍于人们对事物的客观观察。客观观察指人 们敏感地搜寻线索，引导自己的想象更接近他人的现实。（2分） 5. 当经济学家最初探讨经济发展的原因时，他们发现：人们一直认为无法解释的剩余因素是人力资本。人力资本，即人口的技能，是造成各国生产力差距以及地位不平等的一个重要因素。（3分） 6. 下文从解决妇女贫困问题的角度出发，探讨两性平等、减轻贫困和环境的可持续性诸目的之间的协同作用，涉及能源短缺、水资源缺乏、健康、气候变化、自然灾害，以及授予妇女在农业、林业、生态多元化管理领域中的权力使之创造可持续的生存方式等问题。（3分） Part V Summary （20分） 评分标准：主要看考生是否了解概要写作的方法以及能否用恰当的语言来表达。概要一定要客观简洁地表达原文的主要内容，不需要评论，不能照抄原文。具体给分标准为：（1）内容和形式都达标，仅有一二处小错：18-19分。（2）内容缺少一到三点，形式错误不过三处：16-17分。（3）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有五六处：14-15分。（4）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有十来处：12-13分。 Science and Humanity The twentieth century has made greater change to the world, which was brought by the progress in science, than any previous century. Unfortunately, not all these changes did good to the human society. Some of them have done serious damage to mankind and have been even predicted to destroy the whole world someday if out of control. In fact, mankind is not biologically programmed for violent behaviors like war. People are faced with a dilemma in which we would like to see science develop freely, but cannot afford the result of that. It is a

江苏大学XXXX级硕士研究生英语期末考试样卷

江苏大学XXXX级硕士研究生英语期 末考试样卷 考试科目：文献阅读与翻译 考试时 间：XXXXXX Directions:Answer the following questions on the Answer Sheet. 1. How many kinds of literature do you know? And what are they? (5%) 2. How many types of professional papers do you know? And what are they? (5%) 3. What are the main linguistic features of Professional Papers? (10%) 4. What are the purposes of abstracts? How many kinds can the abstracts be roughly classified into? And what are the different kinds? (10%) 5.What is a proposal? How many kinds of proposals do you think are there? What are the main elements of a proposal? (10%) 6.Give your comments on the linguistic features of the following passage. (15%) Basic Point-Set Topology One way to describe the subject of Topology is to say that it is

2016考研英语翻译模拟练习题(1)

2016考研英语翻译模拟练习题（1） Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (1)(Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definitive technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhi’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha,) (2(the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of non-violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred.) It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagr aha: in Gujarati, it seems, the word means “firmness in the truth”. (3(In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918.) Even after he had completely abjured violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (4)(indeed, he did not take the sterile and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins.) Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the late war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer was: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated? If not, how do you propose to save them without resorting to war?” (5)(I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “you’re another” type.) But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and that his answer is on record in Mr. Louis Fischer’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fischer, Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s violence.” 总体分析 本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。文章先介绍了甘地的和平主义的性质、来源、具体形式等。接着指出了甘地作为和平主义者的独特之处：首先，他虽然反对暴力，但并不否认战争的立场;其次，他不躲避回答棘手的问题。 本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、it做形式主语的主语从句，等。 试题精解 1.[精解] 本题考核知识点：后置定语的翻译。 该句是由but连接的两个并列分句：前一分句是简单句，后一分句是主从复合句。后一分句的主干是he claimed that...，其中that引导宾语从句。从句中形容词短语capable of...做后置定语，修饰名词a technique, a method。该定语可以按照汉语习惯译为前置定语，即，“一种可以产生预期的政治效果的明显的技巧和方法”;也可以采用拆译法，译为一个句子，增译代词“它”做主语。 词汇：claim意为“宣称，声称，说”;definite意为“肯定的，确定的;清楚的，明显的”，它和technique搭配时取“明显的”含义;desired意为“渴望的，期望的”，当它和results/effect