2014年考研英语二真题及解析

2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.

Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for

success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.

1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubled [D] ensured

2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome

3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore

4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example

5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern

6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of

7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies

8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part

9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward

10. [A] so [B] while[C] since [D] unless

11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste

12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay

13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant

14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency

15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored

16. [A] computed [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated

17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only

18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded

19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies

20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84yearold widow who recently emerged from her small, tinroofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her newfound fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes oldhat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” It seems most people would be better off if they cou ld shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy

of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandati ng more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?

[A] A big house. [B] A special tour. [C] A stylish car. [D] A rich meal.

22. The author's attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is ________.

[A] critical [B] supportive [C] sympathetic [D] ambiguous

23. McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that ________.

[A] consumers are sometimes irrational [B] popularity usually comes after quality

[C] marketing tricks are after effective [D] rarity generally increases pleasure

24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money ________.

[A] has left much room for readers’ criticism[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the US [D] may give its readers a sense of achievement

25. This text mainly discusses how to ________.

[A] balance feeling good and spending money [B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries

[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent [D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

Text 2

An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deepseated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.

We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into selfaffirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.

Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into selfenhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which must did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.

Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who selfenhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self esteem. “I don't think the findings that we having have are any evidence of per sonal delusion”, says Epley. “It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won't be self enhancing.

Knowing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves viscerally—on one level, they don't even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook therefore, is a selfenhancer's paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and life styles. “It's not that people's profiles are dishonest”, says Catalina Toma of Wiscon—Madison university,” but they portray an idealized version of themselves.

26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that ________.

[A] our selfratings are unrealistically high [B] illusory superiority is a baseless effect

[C] our need for leadership is unnatural [D] selfenhancing strategies are ineffective

27. Visual recognition is believed to be people's ________.

[A] rapid watching [B] conscious choice [C] intuitive response [D] automatic selfdefence

28. Epley found that people with higher selfesteem tended to ________.

29. The word “viscerally” (Line 2, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to ________.

[A] instinctively [B] occasionally [C] particularly [D] aggressively

30. It can be inferred that Facebook is selfenhancer's paradise because people can ________.

[A] present their dishonest profiles [B] define their traditional life styles

[C] share their intellectual pursuits [D] withhold their unflattering sides

Text 3

The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.

When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.

This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.

Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U. S. that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.

It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.” That's not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities.

As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”

31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would ________.

[A] ease the competition of man vs. Machine [B] highlight machines' threat to human jobs

[C] provoke a painful technological revolution [D] outmode our current economic structure

32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that ________.

[A] technology is diminishing man's job opportunities [B] automation is accelerating technological development

[C] certain jobs will remain intact after automation [D] man will finally win the race against machine

33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U. S. are often ________.

[A] performed by innovative minds [B] scripted with an individual style

[C] standardized without a clear target [D] designed against human creativity

34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed ________.

[A] the predictability of machine behavior in practice

[B] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently

[C] the ways machines replace human labor in modern times

[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace

35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?

[A] How to Innovate Our Work Practices? [B] Machines will Replace Human Labor

[C] Can We Win the Race Against Machines? [D] Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations

Text 4

Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillionpound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.

Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.

The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.

There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60, 000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.

Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.

But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ￡4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015，is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of largescale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.

While the government’s commitment to long-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.

36. The author believes that the housing sector ________.

[A] has attracted much attention [B] involves certain political factors

[C] shoulders too much responsibility [D] has lost its real value in economy

37. It can be learned that affordable housing has ________.

[A] increased its home supply [B] offered spending opportunities

[C] suffered government biases [D] disappointed the government

38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may ________.

[A] allow greater government debt for housing [B] stop local authorities from building homes

[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt [D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast

39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would ________.

[A] lower the costs of registered providers [B] lessen the impact of government interference

[C] contribute to funding new developments [D] relieve the ministers of responsibilities

40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may ________.

[A] implement more policies to support housing [B] review the need for largescale public grants

[C] renew the affordable housing grants programme [D] stop generous funding to the housing sector

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.

The British Land Art, typified by Long's piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart.

Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the

Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down --- say, after giving a bad lecture ——he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction.

He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one le cture really doesn’t matter. Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions:

Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to

1) tell him about your living habits, and

2) ask for advice about living there.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.

Do not write your address. (10 points)

Part B

48. Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, You should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解

SectionⅠ Use of English

文章分析

本文是一篇关于肥胖与健康关系新说法的议论文。第一段引出作者对身材的看法：并不是越瘦就证明人越健康。第二段中作者介绍了一种定义肥胖症的指标BMI。第三段中作者指出BMI其实揭示的是人体的脂肪量，并不是说明身材好坏的指数。第四段中讲述了整个社会其实会给肥胖者贴上消极标签，无论是在电视节目中还是在孩子们的心目中，胖人的形象总是与消极联系起来。最后一段讲述了人们以健康的角度去考虑肥胖的影响，和已经采取的一些对抗肥胖的种种策略。

试题解析

Thinner isn't always better. A number of studies have __1__ that normalweight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are healthy conditions for which being overweight is actually __2__. For example, heavierwomen are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. __3__, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an __4__ of good health.

【译文】太瘦也不总是好事。一些研究已经得出结论：正常体重的人实际上比一些超重的人更容易患上某些疾病。有些肥胖对健康还有保护作用。例如稍微超重的女性跟消瘦的女性相比，不易受到钙质缺乏的影响。同样的，在老年人中，一定程度上超重是身体健康的标志。

1.

[A] denied 否认

[B] concluded得出结论

[C] doubled两倍，加倍努力

[D] ensured 确保

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“一系列的研究已经________，事实上，正常体重的人患病风险要高于超重的人”。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究结论，因此B项concluded符合题意。

【命题思路】本题根据上下文所给信息判断答案，同时也考查考生对相近含义的词汇辨析。

【干扰排除】A项denied“否认”，与原文意义相反；C项doubled“翻倍”，与题意较远；D项ensured“确保”，不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。

2.

[A] protective防护的，保护的

[B] dangerous危险的

[C] sufficient足够的，充分的

[D] troublesome 麻烦的

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有________”。根据前文研究的结论，下文的举例说明是对该句的具体论述。综上可知，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。【命题思路】本题根据上下文所给信息判断答案，同时也考查考生对形容词的辨析。

【干扰排除】句首以And 开头，说明在语义上该句与上一句是并列相关的，强调肥胖对健康的好处。B

项 dangerous“危险的”，与文章意思相反；C项 sufficient“充足的”，D项troublesome“麻烦的”，不符合

3.

[A] Instead代替，反而

[B] However然而，不管怎样

[C] Likewise同样地

[D] Therefore因此

【答案】C

【考点】逻辑关系

【直击答案】第四、五句话举例说明。“体重较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。________，在老年人中，一定程度上超重是身体健康的________”。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A项Instead和B项However表示逆接的句意关系，D项Therefore表示因果关系。只有C项Likewise“同样地；也，而且”，表示顺接关系，符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义关系的理解。

【干扰排除】这个题目的难点在于为什么不能将最后一句理解为跟上文相反的转折关系呢，比如：然而，在老年人中，一定程度上超重是身体健康的(克星/障碍)，但是下文的第四个空给的备选词并没有类似括号里我们猜测的消极含义词汇，所以，所猜想的转折语义关系也不成立，只能选表示顺接关系的词汇likewise。

4.

[A] indicator指标

[B] objective目标

[C] origin来源

[D] example实例；例证

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“同样的，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的________”。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A项。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义的正确把握。

【干扰排除】干扰性强的是B项，有考生会将其理解为“客观物质”，但原文结构中此处需要一个名词，objective “客观的”是形容词， objective作名词时意为“目标”，另有考生被形近词objection“反对”干扰。

Of even greater __5__ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined __6__ body mass index, or BMI. BMI __7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, __8__, can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

【译文】需要更加关注是，很难对肥胖加以定义。肥胖经常根据身体质量指数来定义，或叫做BMI，它等于身体重量除以身高平方。正常成年人的是BMI 值应该在18～25之间。25～30的话视为超重。30以上视为肥胖。肥胖依次能够分为中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。

5.

[A] impact影响，效果

[B] relevance 相关性

[C] assistance辅助

[D] concern 关系，关心

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“需要更加________是，很难对肥胖加以定义”。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥胖的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D项。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义的正确把握。

【干扰排除】A项impact“影响，效果”，B项relevance“相关性”，C项assistance“辅助”此处空格前有even greater 来修饰，将这几个干扰项的名词含义代入检测，都与上文没有必要的相关性，所以都不可作为答案。6.

[A] in terms of 依据，根据

[B] in case of 万一，假设

[C] in favor of 有利于，支持

[D] in respect of 关于，涉及

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“肥胖经常________体质指数，或称为BMI来定义”。下文根据BMI指数的不同对肥胖进行了分级。由此可知，BMI是一种根据。A项 in terms of意为“根据……，就……而言”，符合句意，为正确答案。在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，方便日后做题。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查常见词组的辨析。

【干扰排除】B项in case of“万一，假设”，C项in favor of“赞成，以……来取代”，D项in respect of “关于”。将此三项代入文中，均不符合题意。这些短语的考查频率非常高，有些已经成为真题中常见的干扰项，同学们在复习时要加强记忆。

7.

[A] measures测量

[B] determines决定

[C] equals等同于

[D] modifies修改

【答案】C

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“BMI________体重除以身高的平方”。此处用文字叙述了BMI指数得出的方法，也就是一个数学公式，所以equals符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查动词辨析。

【干扰排除】A 项是强干扰项，有考生看到空格后面是一些计算BMI的方法，可能在不太清楚句意的时候会联想到“测量”的概念，实际上这里需要选择“所指，等同于”的概念。

8.

[A] in essence本质上

[B] in contrast 相反

[C] in turn 轮流，依次

[D] in part 部分地

【答案】C

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“肥胖________能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖”。根据语境，本句是将肥胖依次分级，分析四个选项，A项in essence“事实上，本质上”，B项in contrast“相反地”，C项in turn “依次”，D项in part“部分地”，C项符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查相似介词短语辨析。

【干扰排除】此处需要一个插入语来顺成上下文的关系，由于下文也没有揭示肥胖构成的事实，所以A 项不成立。上下文不存在对立关系，所以不能选B项。D项不符合语义。

While such numerical standards seem __9__， they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, __10__ others with a low BMI may be in poor __11__. For example, many collegiate and professional football players __12__ as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a __13__ BMI.

【译文】虽然这些数字标准看起来直截了当，实际却不是这样。肥胖相比体重而言，更强调脂肪含量。有些人BMI值很高，但是身材却相当好，有些人 BMI 值虽然低，但是体型却很差。例如，有些职业足球运动员被认为很胖，但是身体脂肪量却很低。相反，一些小个头的胖子BMI 值却正常。

9.

[A] complicated复杂的，难懂的

[B] conservative保守的

[C] variable可变的，易变的

[D] straightforward 简单的，直接的

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“相比之下，这样的数字标准看起来________，实际上不是的”。这里的数字标准指肥胖指数，且下文也讲述了BMI 指数的高低并不与身材的好坏成正比，只是这些数字看起来好像能反映与身材之间的关系而已。D项straightforward“直截了当的”，符合题意，因此为正确答案。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义的理解，并考查形容词辨析。

【干扰排除】肥胖指数分为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以A项complicated“复杂的”不正确。B项conservative “保守的”，用于描述一种数学公式，不恰当。一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一般是确定的，因此C项variable “可变的”也不符合题意。

10.

[A] so所以

[B] while然而

[C] since既然，自从

[D] unless除非

【答案】B

【考点】逻辑关系

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“一些人有很高的BMI，实际上身材正好，________其他人有较低的BMI指数，可能________”。从前半句可看出，有些人的BMI指数很高，应该属于体重肥胖的人，事实上身材正好，这里说明的是反常的现象，后半句是其他人的BMI指数较低，而________较差。四个选项中只有while有转折的含义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为B项。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义关系的正确把握。

【干扰排除】A项表示因果关系，C项表示原因或让步关系，D项表示让步关系，都不能体现上下文之间的对立关系，非正确答案。

[A] shape 形状，身材

[B] spirit 精神，心灵

[C] balance平衡，匀称

[D] taste味道，品味

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本句可简化为：Some … are fit, while others …may be in poor ________.从中可看出前后意义相反，且fit(体型健康的)与in poor ______对应，与之最相关是A 项shape“外形”，故为正确答案。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的正确把握。

【干扰排除】根据上面分析，只要看出前后两句之间明显的对立且对应关系，将其他干扰答案项代入，“精神”、“均衡”、“品味”都与原文相差较远，可以排除。

12.

[A] start开始，启动

[B] qualify使有资格，被认为

[C] retire退休

[D] stay 停留，坚持

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本句顺应前文意义：有一些人体型很好，有些人体型肥胖。接着举例说有些专业足球运动员

_____________是肥胖的，然而他们的身体脂肪量却很低。B项qualify“被认为”符合句意，正确。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文句意的正确把握。

【干扰排除】将A、C、D项代入文中，“开始”、“退休”和“停留”不符合句意。

13.

[A] strange 奇怪的

[B] changeable 可改变的

[C] normal正常的

[D] constant不变的，恒定的

【答案】C

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】干扰排除本句不难理解，因为句首有conversely与上文构成语义对立，讲有些人个头小，脂肪量过高，但是BMI却 _____________。所需词汇明显是积极方向的， C项“正常的”，为正确答案。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文句意的正确把握。

【干扰排除】根据句意，排除A、B项。D项属于比较中性的词，且不符合句意。

Today we have a(an) __14__ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes __15__ in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes __16__ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. __17__ very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

【译文】今天我们都有向肥胖贴歧视标签的趋势。媒体中呈现肥胖者时通常把他们的脸盖起来。与肥胖联系起来的原型总是包括懒惰，缺乏意志力，对成功的期望值不高。教师，雇员和健康工作者都是对肥胖抱有偏见。甚至小孩子也看不起肥胖的者，在学校嘲笑身材体型不好的同学一直是一个存在的问题。

[A] option选择(权)

[B] reason原因

[C] opportunity机会

[D] tendency趋势

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在的后半句：to label obesity as disgrace(给肥胖贴上丢人的标签)，作为空格处的后置定语。下文也在讲述媒体、老师、雇员、健康工作者和孩子们都倾向于鄙视肥胖症的。D项符合句意。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文信息的理解。

【干扰排除】将A、B、C三个选项，“选择(权)”、“理由”、“机会”代入空格处，均与文意不符。

15.

[A] employed雇佣

[B] pictured描绘

[C] imitated 模仿

[D] monitored 监控

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】上句提到了我们都倾向于给肥胖贴上歧视的标签，空格所在句提到了媒体，媒体中将肥胖者的面部成像都进行了面部隐藏处理。根据语境，四个选项中，跟媒体相关的词汇只有C项picture“刻画，描写，描述”，因此为正确答案。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查动词辨析。

【干扰排除】此处所提供的选项都是过去分词作the overweight的后置定语，A 项代入后可理解为“被媒体雇佣的肥胖者”，但是后面的介词应该用by。C、D两项代入后语义与全文不符。

16.

[A] computed计算

[B] combined联合

[C] settled固定

[D] associated联系

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“肥胖会与原型________包括懒惰、缺乏意志力和对成功的期望值不高”。空格后面提到的懒惰、缺乏意志力和对成功的期望值不高都是与肥胖进行的人为关联，分析四个选项，D项associated “联系”，符合句意。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查动词辨析。

【干扰排除】首先在结构上能与with 构成搭配四个选项都可以实现。但是A项因为与原文语义差别较大，可首先排除。B项强调“联合”，与原文的“联系”有细微的差别，语义上不能说“原型与某些品质联合”。

17.

[A] Even甚至

[B] Still 仍然

[C] Yet然而

[D] Only 仅仅

【考点】逻辑关系

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“是________小孩子蔑视超重，而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题”。空格缺少一个副词，构成与上文的联系。上文讲到了大人们都在歧视肥胖(教师、雇员、健康工作者)。根据语境，此处应该填入表示递进关系的词汇，分析四个选项，只有A项Even “即使”符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查上下文的语义关系。

【干扰排除】B项Still表示递进关系时其后一般要加逗号。C项Yet用表示上下文的对立关系中。D项Only

引导条件关系，与原文语义不符。

Negative attitudes toward obesity, __18__ in health concerns, have stimulated a number of antiobesity __19__. My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a highvisibility campaign __20__ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.

【译文】基于健康考虑的对肥胖的消极态度，已经引发一系列的对抗肥胖的相关措施。我自己工作的医院的供饮设备已经停止发放含糖饮料。很多雇员已经有了减肥健身的积极性。米歇尔奥巴马已经倡议发起一些明确的对抗儿童发胖的活动，甚至表明它是我们国家最大的安全威胁。

18.

[A] despised蔑视

[B] corrected修正

[C] ignored忽视

[D] grounded以……为基础

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格前讲到对肥胖的负面态度，空格后讲到对健康的关注，

激发一批反肥胖的________。本句没有出现任何转折词，说明空格前后所表达的意思是一致的，反对肥胖，是基于对健康的关注。分析四个选项，能够表达此意思的词汇，只有D项grounded“基于”。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文的语义的理解。

【干扰排除】此空是一个过去分词构成短语作插入语，修饰本句主语negative attitudes，意为“……的健康关注”，将其他三项语义“受到健康关注的轻视”“基于健康关注的修正”和“对健康关注的忽视”代进去都与原文语义不符，因此不可选。

19.

[A] discussions论述，讨论

[B] businesses 商业，交易

[C] policies 政策

[D] studies 研究，学习

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。空后的句子出现了一系列表示同一个语义场的词汇，如 hospital system，ban，many employers institute, 指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题。浏览四个选项，D项policies 符合题意，直接入选。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文的语义的理解。

【干扰排除】D项是强干扰项，代入原文与空格部分形成“对抗肥胖的研究”，但此含义与下文出现的语义场不吻合，因为“研究”一般多出自于机构，科研院所等层面的场所，医院更多是治病救人的地方。

[A] for为了

[B] against 反对，对立

[C] with 随着

[D] without 没有

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本段的主题是反对肥胖，本句话属于细节的句子，用来支持主题，空格所在句讲到米歇尔·奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的活动________儿童肥胖，甚至告诉奥兹博士，它代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁。空格词汇应该含有“反对，反抗”的意思。纵观四个选项，只有B项against符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查对句子意思的理解。

【干扰排除】其他三个选项使用代入法验证， A项for“对于，因为”干扰性强，代入原文意为“关于儿童肥胖的活动”，与原文语义不符，故不正确。

核心词汇

deficiency n. 缺陷，缺点

obesity n. 肥大，肥胖

overweight n. 超重

define vt. 给……下定义，解释；限定，规定

divide vt.划分，除

collegiate a. 大学的，学院的

conversely ad.相反地

frame n. 框架，结构

disgrace n. 耻辱 v．使……失宠，丢脸

prospect n. 前景；景象

tease vt. 戏弄，取笑

harbor n. 海港 vt.庇护，怀有

bias n. 偏见，偏心，偏袒 vt.使有偏见

stimulate vt. 刺激，激励

facility n. 设施，工具

security n. 安全，保障；抵押品；[pl.] 证券

长难句分析

A number of studies have concluded that normalweight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.

【分析】该句是一个复合句，句子的主干是studies haveconcluded that，宾语由that引导的从句组成。从句主干是people are higher risk, 过去分词短语compared to…作diseases的后置定语，从句的后半部分还嵌套有一个定语从句who are overweight，该句的先行词是those，指那些肥胖的人。

SectionⅡ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

文章分析

本文选自2013年6月22日The Economist(《经济学人》)一篇题为“Money and Happiness”的文章，属于社会生活类范畴。

第一段通过一位孤寡老人中彩票的事件引出了本文的话题：金钱与幸福。第二段给出了《快乐理财》这本书的两位作者的研究结果：往往我们认为最有价值的消费方式可能是与直觉相反的。第三段指出这本书给很多工薪阶层和赢得彩票的人提供了一些获得“物美价廉”的幸福的小窍门。最后一段中，作者在重申主题的基础上认为这本书值得一买。

试题解析

21. 根据邓恩和诺顿的观点，下面哪一项最具有购买价值？

[A] 豪宅。

[B] 特别的旅行。

[C] 名车。

[D] 丰盛的一餐。

【答案】B

【考点】细节题

【命题思路】这是一道局部信息细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二段后，将原文信息与选项一一对照即可得出答案，考查的重点是对原文信息的理解。

【直击答案】根据题干定位到第二段第五句话It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema。B项(一次特别的旅行)是原文interesting trips(有趣的旅行)的同义替换，因此为正确答案。

【干扰排除】A项和C项与原文信息不符。原文第二段第三句提到购买物质性的东西所带来的满足感很快就会消耗殆尽，而“豪宅”和“名车”都属于物质性的东西。D项干扰性很强，虽然第二段第四句同样也提到了“unique meals”，但D项中的“rich”，跟原文的“unique”是两个概念，故排除。

22. 作者对美国人看电视持________态度。

[A] 批评的

[B] 支持的

[C] 同情的

[D] 模糊的

【答案】A

【考点】态度题

【命题思路】本题考查的是作者对局部事例的态度。

【直击答案】根据题干可以回文定位到第三段第二句话It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television。这句话表明如果大多数人能够少花点时间看电视，他们会过得更好一点。由此可以得出作者对美国人看电视持否定的态度，因而答案为A项“批评的”。

【干扰排除】第三段对看电视这件事情持否定态度，因而B项“支持的”、C项“同情的”为表达肯定态度的形容词，因此排除。作者态度并非模糊不清，而是直接表达了对看电视是不认同的，因此D项不正确。

23. 文章第三段提到烤汁猪排骨的目的是______。

[A] 消费者有时候不理智

[B] 质量总是先于名气

[C] 市场营销手段带来了后效应

[D] 匮乏一般会增加快乐感

【答案】D

【考点】推理题

【直击答案】根据题干关键词McRib定位到第三段最后一句话Thisis apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib——a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.。这句话提到了McRib(烤汁猪排骨)在麦当劳风靡一时，其指示代词“this”表明了其原因。this指代前面一句话：“luxuries are most…sparingly.”。从同义替换的角度来看，“sparingly”对应D项中的“rarity”；“most enjoyable”对应该选项中的“increases pleasure”，因此D项为正确答案。

【干扰排除】第三段最后一句话说“市场营销手段把猪肉三明治变成了让人着魔的一个东西”，但并不能说明消费者就不理智，A项属于过度推理，故排除。文中并没有提到烤汁猪排骨的质量(quality)，B项属于无中生有，故排除。 C项属于过度推断。原文第四句破折号之后的内容表明当时麦当劳这一营销手段起作用了，但并不能说明所有营销手段都会奏效。且该处为例子本身的信息，并非其证明的信息。

24. 根据文章最后一段，《幸福理财》这本书______。

[A] 给读者留下了很多批评的空间

[B] 证明是值得购买的一本书

[C] 预言了美国人存在的巨大收入差距

[D] 或许能给读者带来一种成就感

【答案】B

【考点】推理题

【命题思路】这是一道封闭式推理题，需要对最后一段进行锁定，从而得出答案。

【直击答案】最后一段最后一句But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。该句指出大多数人认为这本书值得一买。另外，从同义替换的角度看，原文中的“well spent”正好对应B项中的“worthwhile purchase”，都是值得一买的意思，故B项为正确答案。

【干扰排除】A项中的criticism和这本书值得一买不符，故排除。第二句和第三句提到了穷人和富人对幸福的感受程度有所不同，重点依然是围绕着本文的话题金钱和幸福，并未涉及C项中的收入差距(income gap)，推理过度。 D项的错误在于该书本身没有给读者带来成就感，而是书中提到的怎样花钱才能让人得到持久的满足感。

25. 这篇文章主要讨论了如何________。

[A] 平衡幸福与花钱之间的关系

[B] 花大笔的钱赢得彩票

[C] 从花钱消费中获得长久的满足感

[D] 消费奢侈品时变得更加理智

【答案】C

【考点】主旨题

【命题思路】这是一道主旨题。这篇文章段落之间并没有明显的转折，考生可以将每段的主题句连在一起进行凝练即可得出答案。

【直击答案】本文主要讨论的是Happy Money 这本书中的话题——幸福与金钱。第一段通过中彩票事件引出了这一话题，接下里的两段作者介绍了怎样花钱消费才能获得最实惠长久的幸福，最后一段重申主题，并指出这本书值得一买。因而C项“从花钱消费中获得长久的满足感”为正确选项。

【干扰排除】第一段中孤寡老人中彩票的事件是本文话题的引子，在后文中再未提及，因而B项以偏概全。文章主要探讨的是花钱消费应该能够带来长久的满足感，并没有涉及平衡两者之间的关系，故A项与原文不符。D项是第三段的主要内容，不能概括全文，故排除。

长难句解析

1. This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84yearold widow who recently emerged from her small, tinroofed

【解析】这是一个主从复合句，句子主干是This is a question。an 84yearold widow是Gloria Mackenzie的同位语。who引导定语从句修饰widow；to collect …作后置定语，修饰widow。

【译文】84岁的格罗里亚·麦肯兹现在正被这个问题所困扰，这位孤寡老人住在佛罗里达的一个铁皮房子里，前不久她中了有史以来最大的个人彩票头奖。

2. It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).

【解析】这是一个主从复合句，it seems 后面跟了一个较长的表语从句；在表语从句中嵌套了一个if引导的条件状语从句，其中could shorten和spend是并列谓语动词；在第二个谓语动词之后，并列了两个宾语，分别是：more time with …和less of it…；括号里面的部分是一个名词加定语从句的结构，something后面省略了that；and is hardly jollier for it可以还原为“and (the average American) is hardly jollier for it”。

【译文】如果大多数人能够减少他们的工作时间，花更多的时间和朋友以及家人在一起，少看点电视(看电视是平均每个美国人一年会用整整两个月的时间所做的一件事情，并且他们从中获得的乐趣几乎很少)，他们会过得更快乐一点。

核心词汇

yield vt. 出产；产生 n．产量，收益；利润

counterintuitive a. 与直觉相反的

regret vt. 懊悔，遗憾 n．懊悔，遗憾

charity n. 仁爱，慈善；施舍，善举

commute vt. 交换；改变 vi.乘公交往返于两地

luxury n. 奢侈，华贵；奢侈品

obsession n. 痴迷；困扰

privilege n. 特权，特惠待遇

scarcity n. 不足，缺乏

incentive n. 刺激；动力；鼓励

mandate n. 授权；命令，指令 vt. 授权；托管

全文翻译

如果你中了5.9亿美元巨奖会怎么花这笔钱？84岁的格罗里亚·麦肯兹现在正被这个问题所困扰，这位孤寡老人住在佛罗里达的一个铁皮房子里，前不久她中了有史以来最大的个人彩票头奖。如果她希望这笔新得到的财富能够带来长久的满足感，那她最好拜读一下由伊丽莎白·邓恩和迈克尔·诺顿合作的书《快乐理财》。这两位学术研究者通过一系列的行为研究表明：回报率最高的花钱方式可能是与我们的直觉相反的。说起巨额财富人们往往会想到名车与豪宅，然而购买的这些物质性的东西所带来的满足感很快就会消耗殆尽。曾经的新意和激动很快就退去，随之而来的是后悔。邓恩女士和诺顿先生认为钱应该花在一些有意义的经历上，例如有趣的旅行，别致的聚餐或者看场电影。这些经历会随着时间变得更有价值——正如故事和记忆一样——特别是如果这些经历包含了更多与他人有关的情感。

这本书虽然薄但却有很多小诀窍可以帮助工薪阶层以及赢得彩票的人获得“货真价实”的幸福。如果大多数人能够减少他们的工作时间，花更多的时间和朋友以及家人在一起，少看点电视(看电视是平均每个美国人一年会用整整两个月的时间所做的一件事情，并且他们从中获得的乐趣几乎很少)，他们会过得更快乐一点。买礼物送给别人或者做慈善通常要比给自己买东西带来更多的乐趣，奢侈品只有偶然的买一回才能让你感到真正的快乐。这就是为什么麦当劳限制供应其传奇的烤汁猪排骨的原因——一种市场营销的手段，使猪肉三明治变成了让人们着魔的一样东西。

《快乐理财》比较适合那些日子过得不错但对自己的成就还不满意的读者们，而不是还在为糊口而奔波的人。金钱也许不能够买来幸福，但是在这个世界上富裕国家的人们要比贫穷国家的人们更幸福一点。通过对比富国和穷国的人们购物的初衷就能发现把钱花在享受过程与买东西之间的区别，因此，对于大多数人来说稀缺可以提高他们对大多数东西的快乐感。不是所有的人都认同作者的这种政策性理念，这些理念包含从诸如调整更多的假期时间到减少美国购房者的税收优惠。但是大多数看过这本书的人们都认为它值得一买。

Text 2

文章分析

本文选自The Star Online(《星报在线》)2013年6月29日一篇题为“How We Really Rate Our Looks”的文章，属于科研类范畴。

第一段通过《科学美国人》上的一项实证研究引出了本文探讨的主要观点，人们往对自己的评价过高；第二段描述了人们过高评价自己的表现；第三段介绍了Epley的实验过程；第四段给出了该实验的结果：自我评价高的人，自信心也会很高；最后一段在重申文章主题的基础上，解释了人们的这一心理过程。

试题解析

26. 根据第一段，社会心理学家发现______。

[A] 我们的自我评价过高

[B] 虚幻的优越感是一种无根据的效应

[C] 我们对于领导能力的需求是反常的

[D] 自我提高策略无效

【答案】A

【考点】推理题

【命题思路】这是一道封闭式推理题。考生要明确判断出研究结果，也就是论点。

【直击答案】根据题干定位到第一段。该段第一句提到，实证研究表明人们总是认为自己比自己的实际面貌更漂亮，即人们对自己的评价过高。此外，最后一句提到所有的这些数据都不可能实现，其中“impossibilities”对应A项中“unrealistically high”，因此正确答案为A项。

【干扰排除】第一段第二句提到了“illusory superiority”这一概念，但在第二句中表明这种自我感觉良好(illusory superiority)是源于人们的心理需求，而非毫无根据(baseless)，B项与原文相反。领导能力(leadership)方面的评价作为一个论据出现在该句，而题干考查的是论点，因此排除C项。该句还提到我们使用了一些“selfenhancing strategies”来做研究，并得到了结果，这说明自我提高策略是有效的，而并非D项所描述的“ineffective”(无效的)，故排除。

27. 视觉识别被认为是人们______。

[A] 迅速的观察

[B] 有意识的选择

[C] 本能的反应

[D] 自发的自我防御

【答案】C

【考点】细节题

【命题思路】这是一道细节题。文章对题干中考查的概念给出了明确的定义，考生只需在定位后即可得出答案。【直击答案】根据题干关键词visual recognition定位到第三段第三句话。这句话明确指出visual recognition … is…an process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation，C项中的“intuitive”是原文“occurring rapidly and intuitively”的同义替换，“response”是“an automatic psychological process”的同义替换，都强调本能的反应，故C项为正确答案。

【干扰排除】第三段第三句话中提到了occurring rapidly(迅速发生)，但同时也指出视觉识别是一个自发的心理过程，但A项中的“watching”是一个生理现象，与原文不符，故排除。同理，D项中的“selfdefence”，自我防御，也与原文不符。这句话同时也指出视觉识别在发生的时候“with little or no conscious deliberation”，与B 项“conscious choice”正好相反，故排除。

28. 艾普利认为有较高自信心的人们倾向于______。

[A] 低估他们的不安全感

[B] 相信他们的吸引力

[C] 掩盖他们的沮丧

[D] 使他们幻想中的自己过于简单化

【答案】B

【考点】细节题

【命题思路】这是一道细节题。主要考查了对长难句的把握和划分，考生只要能够读懂第四段第三句话即可得出正确答案。

【直击答案】根据题干可以回文定位到第四段第三句话“In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem.”。该句意为：事实上那些认为改良过有较大吸引力的照片是自己真正的照片的人也正是那些自信心较高的人。由此可见，B项，相信他们的吸引力，是正确答案，“thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real”是对原文的同义替换。

【干扰排除】第四段第二句提到，没有证据表明自我提高这一必要性是为了弥补不安全感(insecurities)，而文中并没有提到不安全感和自信心之间的关系，因而A项属于无中生有。C项中的“cover up”(掩盖)并没有在文中提及，故排除。D项“使他们幻想中的自己过于简单化”与原文信息不符。事实上，有较高自信心的人会将自己幻想得比真实面貌更具有吸引力，而非更简单，故排除。

29. 与第五段第二行的单词“viscerally”意义最接近的是______。

[A] 本能地

[B] 偶尔地

[C] 特别地

[D] 具有侵略性地

【答案】A

【考点】词义推理题

【命题思路】这是一道词义题。词义题的解题方式之一就是通过文中给出的线索，例如破折号，同位语，以及一些短语，如that is，in other words等进行判断。这道题的解题线索就是破折号。

【直击答案】根据题干定位到第五段第一句话，viscerally之后有一个明显的解题线索：破折号。该句明确告知考生上半句的“the results of Epley's study”即是后半句现象“hate photographs of themselves so viscerally”理解的依据。而Epley的研究结果表明人们美化自己的做法是一种本能的反应。这就解释了很多人不喜欢自己的照片这一现象。因此正确答案为A项“本能地”。

【干扰排除】文章首段就提出人们总是认为自己比自己的实际面貌更漂亮，也就是说他们总是讨厌真实的自己，因而B项occasionally“偶尔的”，与原文信息不符。Epley的研究发现这一点是人们自动的，没有特意思考的一种心理过程，因此C项错误。同时，作者只是客观地描述了人们的这一心理过程，并没有对此做出负面的评价，因此D项aggressively，“具有侵略性的”，与原文意思不符。

30. 可以从文中推出Facebook之所以是自我提高者的天堂是因为______。

[A] 展示了他们不真实的一面

2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析

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2014考研英语二答案及解析

2014考研英语二答案及解析

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied（否认）与意义相反，doubled（翻倍）与题意较远，ensured（确保）不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。 2、【答案】A protective 【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。 3、【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A 选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore 表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地；也，而且。因此正确答案为C。 4、【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。A选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观；C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。

2014考研英语二真题

2014年考研英语（二）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) 2.[A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 3.[A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 4.[A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 5.[A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern 6.[A] in terms of[B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 7.[A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies 8.[A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part 9.[A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward

10.[A] so [B] while [C] since [D] unless 11.[A] shape[B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste 12.[A] start [B] qualify [C] retire [D] stay 13.[A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal[D] constant 14.[A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency 15.[A] employed[B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored 16.[A] compared [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated 17.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only 18.[A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded 19.[A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies 20.[A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each tex t by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 poi nts) Text 1 What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton. These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others. This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason

考研2010-2014英语二历年真题-完美打印版

2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the n ation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that mak e it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12, the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'" Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17be a license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2． A.for B.within C.while D.though 3． A.careless https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0412001432.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless 4． A.reason B.reminder https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0412001432.html,promise D.proposal 5． https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0412001432.html,rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6． A.by B.into C.from D.over 7． A.linked B.directed C.chained https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0412001432.html,pared 8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve 9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize 10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered 11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in 12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13． A.trusted B.modernized C.thriving https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0412001432.html,peting

2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析

Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured 、【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他