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大学英语第四册答案

一V ocabulary

I. 1. 1) alliance

3) stroke

5) minus

7) declarations

2) heroic 4) limp

6) regions 8) siege

Appendix I - $9

9) raw 10) retreat

11) have taken their toll 12) In the case of

13) campaign 14) at the cost of

15) has been brought to a halt

2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down

3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on

5) picking up 6) falling apart

7) cut back 8) take over

3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.

2) The border dispute between the two countries resulted in thousands of casualties.

3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.

4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.

5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obso-lete.

4. 1) At that time, the enemy forces were much superior to ours, so we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.

2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by con-stant internal struggle in an organization.

3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.

II. More Synonyms in Context

1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium and in the

no-man's-land between the trenches.

2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.

3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.

4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.

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III. Usage

1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.

2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.

3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work

4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.

5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.

6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.

■

Structure

1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by

30 percent.

2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.

3) To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.

4) We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christ-mas.

2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.

2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River.

3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United

States at the age of four. ■

4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

2. stand in the way

4. catching... off his guard

6. declaration

8. drag on

10. die from

(A)

1. invasion

3. Conquest

5. launching

7. campaign

9. reckon with

11. bringing...to a halt

Appendix I - 91 -

(B)

1. In

2. s ince

3. the

4. a nd

5. it

6. t hat/who

7. of/about 8. a cross

9. to 10. l ost

11. to 12. w ith

13. buried 14. i n

15. than 16. b etween

17. from 18. t o

19. down

II. Translation

The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi-sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.

二

V ocabulary

I. 1. 1) expansion

2) manufacturing 4) take control of

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Appendix 1

hazards

convert bunched got/was stuck in application mounted

send out

result from starting up

give up

6) satellite

8) magnetic

10)in the air

12)approximately

14)monotonous

2)stand up for

4)making up for

6)play up play up

8)take on take on

With regard to the recent flood of corporate scandals, some professors from Stanford and Harvard say they will incorporate Enron's real-world lessons into their classroom work. Our vacation was a disaster: the food was terrible, and the weather was awful as well. As a Special Administrative Region (SAR), Macao is permitted to retain its lucrative gam-bling industry although gambling remains illegal on the Chinese mainland. Manufacturers usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.

Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated. Expanded use of computer technology, development of stronger and lighter materials, and research in/into pollution control will produce better, and "smarter" automobiles. In the 1980s the notion that a car would "talk" to its driver was science fiction; by the 1990s it had become a reality, more or less. Presently automobile companies such as GM and Nissan are poised to launch new advertising campaigns for their smart cars. Sounds are produced by objects that vibrate in the air at a rate that the ear can detect. This rate is called frequency and is measured in hertz, or vibrations per second. Reflective devices are more visible at night and are used in some locations to mark lanes and other significant places on the road. What's more, automated vehicle-control tech-nologies are presently under development to improve highway safety. These devices are mounted in the vehicle and can alert a driver to an impending hazard or, in an emergency,

override the actions of the driver.

II. Word Formation

Clipped Words Blends

Medicare medical care

kilo kilogram

kilogram

email electronic mail

memo memorandum

memorandum

comsat communications satellite gym gymnasium

gymnasium

Appendix 1 - 9? -

lib

doc

vet

prep

auto

liberation newscast news broadcast

doctor autopilot automatic pilot

veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar

preparatory brunch breakfast lunch

automobile telecast television broadcast

III. Usage

1. swimming pool

3. enriched Middle English 5. fully developed prototype 7. working population

2. drawing board

4. disturbing change

6. Canned foods

8. puzzling differences

Struct-ure

1) Thanksgiving in the U.S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together from across the country.

2) The monkey suddenly emerged from behind the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.

3) Mom said that she would not allow me to buy a new computer unless the price dropped to below 2000 yuan.

4) In between the chores, Jim managed to spend 50 to 60 hours a week working at the computer or doing reporting for the freelance articles he sells to magazines.

2. 1) Most people find it hard to understand how living with one's own children could be lonely.

2) The manager felt it necessary to remove the five misbehaving secretaries in order to maintain administrative discipline.

3) The Senator called it wasteful to give free Medicare to those who could afford to pay.

4) We don't consider it possible to set back the clock of history.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1. alert

3. highway

5. take control of

7. decrease

9. monotonous

2. hazards

4. start up

6. lane

8. get stuck in

10. eliminate

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11. convert

(B)

l.for

3. enabled

5. decreased / reduced

7.quantities

9. worldwide

11. manufacturing 13.on/upon

15. which

17. problems / hazards 19. Nevertheless

12. mounted

2. way

4. farther

6. by

8. locally

10. with

12. As

14. provide

16. itself

18. and

20. continuing

II. Translation

Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other

industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automo-bile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. Fortu-nately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, de-signs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For ex-ample, by using the satellite-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can locate the vehicle's precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can eliminate most car accidents

三Vocabulary

I. 1. 1) generously 2) physically

3) structure 4) partition

5) blurted out 6) chuckling

7) pried 8) prospective

9) jet 10) sparkled

11) took a crack at 12) partner

13) made a (big) difference 14) beyond his wildest dream.

15) employment

2. 1) go after 2) look back on/at

3) be put up 4) count on

5) was handed down 6) follow up

7) bring about 8) broke into

3. 1) Mary's parents grilled her about where she had been all night.

2) In order to meet the deadline, we worked 48 hours without sleep and finally made it.

3) The translation of the popular novel has just finished and a Chinese version will be in readers' hands soon.

4) As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview.

5) Jim's car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.

4. 1) The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the two local applicants, as well as the two other candidates recommended by the staff committee this afternoon, to pick out the prospective designer for the construction of the city square.

2) In the endeavor to clean up the river before the deadline set for this important municipal project, the project manager has tried every possible means to go after the best engineers for the work.

3) Time is money, as the saying goes. People in my age bracket often want to have a crack at everything new, but they just cannot afford the time and energy.

II. Words with Multiple Meanings

1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (behave)

2. Richard suggested I keep all my friends' addresses on my computer, as he does his. (used to avoid repetition)

3. Elizabeth told her daughter that if she did the bathroom, the kitchen and the living room, she

- 104 - Appendix I

would get $10.00 every week, (clean)

4. Since the Smiths' business is doing well, they are thinking of starting a similar type of busi-ness in Canada, (get along)

5. If you are prepared, you can certainly do the job. (perform or complete )

6. Knowing what you cannot do is more important than knowing what you can. (perform or complete )

7. When I asked John why he does philosophy, he said that he does it simply because he finds it interesting, (study)

8. A small piece of cake will do for me, thanks, (be enough)

9. Leisure is a beautiful garment, but it will not do for constant wear, (be acceptable) III. Usage