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初中英语句子成分和结构的划分详解

及结构的划分

句子成分

? 1.汉语的句子成分

?1.什么是句子

?句子是由词或词组构成的,是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气,句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。

? 2.什么是句子成分?

?组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。

?汉语中句子成分的名称及符号

?名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。

?符号:主语=谓语-宾语~

?定语()状语[ ]补语< >

?句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语。

?补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。

?英语中的句子成分

英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。

句子主体部分:主语和谓语(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。

表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。

句子的次要部分:定语和状语。

句子成分的划分(汉语)

?.(1)划分句子成分,首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。

?主语:是谓语陈述的对象,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。?谓语:是陈述主语,说明主语的,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。?宾语:在动词后面,表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物,回答“谁”

或“什么”一类问题。

?句子一般有两种情况:写人、写物(写事、写物)。分析句子时,首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。

?①.写人格式:“谁”+“干什么”

?(主语)(谓语)(宾语)

?例:杨亚‖写字

?主谓宾

?注意:处理复杂的单句时,要抓主干。

?例:一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。

?主谓宾

?

?②.写物

格式:“什么事”或“什么物”+“怎么样”?(主语)(谓语、宾语)

?例:猫‖捉鱼

?主谓宾

?例:一只小猫‖在盆边捉了一条大鱼

?主谓宾

?注意:“是”为典型的动词,一般是“谓语”。?例如:他‖是学生

?主谓宾

2.划分句子成分,还要抓住枝干(定语、状语、补语)

?定语:在句子中起着修饰、限制主语或宾语中心语的作用。

?状语:修饰、限制谓语中心语,一般在谓语中心语前面,有的在句子最前面,交待时间、地点、范围、情况等。

?补语:对谓语中心语起补充说明作用,一般放在谓语中心语之后。

?例:画眉唱歌

?这是一个把主语中心语、谓语中心语、宾语中心语单提出的句子。原句是“两只美丽的画眉高兴地唱一首歌。”

?①.(两只美丽的)画眉

?“两只美丽”是“画眉”--主语中心语的修饰部分,叫“定语”。

?②.[高兴]地唱

?谓语中心语“唱”前边的修饰、限制成分--“高兴”为“状语”。

?③.(一首)歌

?宾语中心语“歌”前的修饰、限制部分--“一首”为“定语”。

?④.歌唱得<好>

?修饰、限制谓语中心语“唱”,并放在它后面的部分--“好”为“补语”。

练习

1、鲁班是我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑工匠。

答案:(鲁班)主语(是)谓语(我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑)定语(工匠)宾语。主干:鲁班是工匠。

?2、那个时候的社会生产力还十分落后。

?答案:(那个时候的)(社会)定语(生产力)主语(还)(十分)状语(落后)谓语。

?主干:生产力落后。

?3、鲁班接受了一项大的建筑工程任务。

?答案:(鲁班)主语(接受)谓语(了)状语(一项大的建筑工程)定语(任务)宾语。

?主干:鲁班接受任务。

?4、鲁班从中得到启发。

?答案:(鲁班)主语(从中)状语(得到)谓语(启发)宾语。

?主干:鲁班得到启发。

?5、蔡伦出生在一个贫苦的铁匠家里。

?答案:(蔡伦)主语(出生)谓语(在一个贫苦的铁匠家里)补语.

?主干:蔡伦出生.

英语中句子成分

?1主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”

一般由名词、代词、不定式,动名词或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

?We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~)我们在一中学习。To teach them English is my job. (不定式作主语)教他们英语是我的工作。

?注意不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. (真正的主语是to teach them English.)?练习:找出下列句子的主语。

?The car is running fast.(名词)

?We are students.(代词)

?One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)

?To spit in public is bad manner.(不定式)

?Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)

? 2 谓语说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。

?His Parents are doctors. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)他的父母亲是医生。

?She looks well.(系动词和表语一起作谓语)她看起来气色(面色)很好。

?We study hard.(实义动词作谓语)我们努力学习。

?We have finished reading the book. (助动词和实义动词一起作谓语)我们已经看完了这本书。

?He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语)他会说英语?注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。.

?练习找出下列句子的谓语

?He works in a factory.(实义动词)

?I felt cold.(系动词+表语)

?How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)

?Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)

?They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)

? 3 表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。

?You look younger than before.(形容词作表语)你看起来比以前年轻。

?I am a teacher.(名词作表语)我是个老师。

?Everybody is here.(副词作表语)所有的人都出席了。

?They are at home now.(介词短语作表语)他们现在在家。

?My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表语)我的工作是教他们英语。

?练习找出下列句子的表语

?They are workers.(名词)

?Two and three is five.(数词)

?The story is very interesting.(形容词)

?M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)

?She is at home.(介词短语)

?I feel terrible.(形容词)

?The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)

?宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。

?She is playing the piano now.(名词作宾语)她正在弹钢琴。?He often helps me.(代词作宾语)他常常帮助我。

?He likes to sleep in the open air.(不定式作宾语)他喜欢在露天睡觉。

?We enjoy living in China.(动名词作宾语)我们高兴住在中国。?【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。?这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等。?如:He bought me a book.

?Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)

?直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。

?如:Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) ?Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)

?②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。

?这类动词有:want,wish,hope,promise,decide,agree,choose,care等。

?如:I hope to see you again.

?③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss,suggest,keep(on)等。?如:Do you mind my opening the window?

?④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。

?a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。

?如:Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)

?I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)

?b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”。

?如:I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)

?The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)

?练习找出下面句子的宾语

?He is doing his homework.(名词)?They did nothing this morning.(代词) ?She wants to go home.(不定式) ?We enjoy playing football.(动名词)

定语

?定语为句子的次要成分,起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。

?The black bike is mine. 主语部分(形容词作定语) 这辆黑色的自行车是我的.

?What is your name? 表语(代词作定语) 你叫什么名字? ?They made paper flowers. 宾语(名词作定语) 他们生产纸花。The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. (介词短语作定语) 这间屋子里的男孩们是一年级三班的.

?I have something to do.(不定式作定语) 我还有一些事去做.

?练习找出下列句子中的定语

?His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。

?Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。

?The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。

?The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。?I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。

?Can you find out the answer to the question?你能找到这个问题的答案吗?

?Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗?

? A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。

? A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死,其言也善。

The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。

?Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗?

状语

?状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。(详见副词)He did it carefully.(副词作状语)他仔细、认真地做这项工作。

?(1) 时间状语

?I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。

?Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息,他们感到很兴奋。Go along this street until you reach the end. 沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。

?(2) 地点状语

?Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。

?You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。

?(3) 程度状语

?I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的工作要做。

?(4) 目的状语

?We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday.

?这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。

?He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.

?他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。

?She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.

?她早早地起床,以便能够赶上这辆早班车

?(5) 方式状语

?We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。

?Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做。

?(6) 让步状语

?Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱,而她并不幸福。

?No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. 无论发生什么,我将决不失去信心。

?(7) 条件状语

?If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.

?假如你不努力学习,你将落后于别人。

?Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. 如果给予更多的关心的话,这些花将长得更好。

?(8) 比较状语

?Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的手表与我的不一样。

?Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. 迈克不及杰克高。

?(9) 原因状语

?We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好,我们没有去公园。

?I’m glad to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。

?Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 由于病了,他没有去上学。

?(10) 结果状语

?The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风是如此地猛烈,以致于我们寸步难行。

?He left early, so that he caught the train. 他早早地离去,(结果) 因此赶上了火车。

?(11) 伴随状语

?The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 这位医生匆匆离去,胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。

?The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 老师进到教室里来,后面跟着一群学生。

?状语的位置

? 1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。We like our school very much.

? 2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首. I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.

? 3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never, 用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后I usually get up early. He is often late.

?一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似

?sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末

?only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.

?The actor only sang a song. Only the actor sang a song. The actor sang only one song.

?两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后.

?We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.

? 2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.

? 3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词

?She sang very well at the meeting last night.

?时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯

?Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.

?练习找出下列句子中的状语

?Thank you very much.(副词)

?I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语) ?He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)

?We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)

?【注意】

?enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。

?如:He is old enough to go to school.

初中英语句子成分详解

英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 (一)、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候,首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”?或者是一件“什么事”?或者是一件“什么物体”,等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分,它可能是一个词,也可能是一个词组,还有可能是一个从句,甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以,英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外,英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”,例如:It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. (名词作主语) 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. (不定式短语作主语) 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. (从句作主语) 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. (二)、谓语

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练 习 主语(subject ):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) Tvventy years is a short time in history.(数词) To see is to believe ? (不定式) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主 语) 谓语(predicate ):说明主语的动作、状态和特 征。 表语(predicative ):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 Seventy-four! You don' t look it.(代词) Five and five is ten.(数词) He is asleep.(形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My v/atch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To v/ear a flower is to say " I' m poor, I can' t buy a ring.(不;卫式) The question is v/hether they vnll come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound (听起来),look (看起来),feel (摸起来,smell (闻起来),taste (尝、吃起来), remain (保持,仍是),feel (感觉)??? 宾语: 1) 动作的承受者动宾 I like China.(名词) He hates you.(代词) How many do you need? We need two ?(数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动需词) I hope to see you again.(不立式) Did you write dov/n v/hat he said?(宾语从句) 2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词…介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks ? 3) 双宾语…-间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn' t come here.(名) We will make them happy.(形容词)We found nobody in.(副词) We study English. He is asleep. He likes dancing. Seeing is believing ? What he needs is a book. (代词) (动名词) (主语从 He is a teacher. (名词) It sou nds a good idea ? Her voice sounds sweet ? The food smells delicious. The door remains open. The sou nd sounds stra nge. Tbm looks thin. The food tastes good ? Nov/1 feel tired.

初中英语句子成分和结构的划分详解

及结构的划分

句子成分 ? 1.汉语的句子成分 ?1.什么是句子 ?句子是由词或词组构成的,是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气,句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。 ? 2.什么是句子成分? ?组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。

?汉语中句子成分的名称及符号 ?名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 ?符号:主语=谓语-宾语~ ?定语()状语[ ]补语< > ?句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语。 ?补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。 ?英语中的句子成分 英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 句子主体部分:主语和谓语(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。 表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。 句子的次要部分:定语和状语。

句子成分的划分(汉语) ?.(1)划分句子成分,首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 ?主语:是谓语陈述的对象,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。?谓语:是陈述主语,说明主语的,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。?宾语:在动词后面,表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物,回答“谁” 或“什么”一类问题。 ?句子一般有两种情况:写人、写物(写事、写物)。分析句子时,首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。 ?①.写人格式:“谁”+“干什么” ?(主语)(谓语)(宾语) ?例:杨亚‖写字 ?主谓宾 ?注意:处理复杂的单句时,要抓主干。 ?例:一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。 ?主谓宾 ?

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(完整)初二初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案

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英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

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英语句子成分和英语句子结构

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初中英语划分句子成分习题(含答案)

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初中英语五种基本句型结构(1)

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初中英语句子成分分析-T

初中英语句子成份 英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 名词化的过去分词用作主语。如:The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。 The deceased died of old age. 死者死于年老。 副词用作主语。如:Now is the time. 现在是时候了 从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。 句子用作主语。如:”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。 二.谓语【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 .2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: 由单一动词作谓语:We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词:We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语:She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3.英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词,表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如: (1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水(had a swim 代替了swam) (2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个!(take a look 代替了look) (3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。(gave a sigh 代替了sighed) (4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。(a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分,彻底的)) 3.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如: They are workers.(名词) Two and three is five.(数词) The story is very interesting.(形容词) M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词)

初中英语句子成分及其五种基本结构

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(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解和练习试题

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语+不及物动词She came.. ?主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English. ?主语+系动词+主语补语 ?She is happy. ?主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ?She gave John a book. ?She bought a book for me. ?主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry. ?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?(There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 ?名/代--动词--名/代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表 ?名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.

?相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种: ?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 ?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 ?如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 ?如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

初中英语句子结构与成分题20套(带答案)及解析

初中英语句子结构与成分题20套(带答案)及解析 一、句子结构与成分 1.What is your new speech on, Mr. Smith?(选出宾语) A. What B. your new speech C. on D. Mr. Smith 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:你的演讲是关于什么,史密斯先生?on 介词后面跟宾语,特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语,故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分,选出正确答案。2.Which of the following sentences is correct? A. He came in and sat down. B. We all like . C. When we met. He didn't say hello. D. We went out, headed for the bus stop. 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:下面那个句子是正确的。A是简单句,came和sat是并列谓语,都是一般过去式,所以A正确。B中的符号不符合英语习惯,在英语中没有书名号,表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。C句的标点符号是错误的,把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。因此选A。 【点评】考查句法知识。 3.—What an interesting story she told us! —Yes, and her voice sounded ________. A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊!——是的,她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的;small小的;clearly清楚地;sadly伤心地。sound是系动词,后跟形容词,故选A。 【点评】考查系表结构。 4.John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。

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