中国文化英语教程文本

Part I Wisdom and Beliefs

Unit 1 Confucian thought on heaven and humanity

Confucius (551-479 BC), known in China as Kongzi, given name Qiu and alias Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi (present-day Qufu in Shandong Province) of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism, Confucius is an ancient sage to the Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects (Lunyu).

Confucius on Heaven: the source of Everything

In the Shang (1600-1046 BC) and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties, the prevalent concept of “Heaven”was that of a personified god, which influenced Confucius. Generally, however, Confucius regarded “Heaven”as nature. He said, “Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.” Obviously, heaven equaled nature, in the eyes of Confucius. Moreover, nature was not a lifeless mechanism separate from humans; instead, it was the great world of life and the process of creation of life. Human life was part and parcel of nature as a whole.

Confucius on People: ren and li

Ren and Li are the two core concepts of Confucius’s doctrine about people.

When his students Fan Chi asked him about ren, Confucius replied, “love people”. This is Confucius’ most important interpretation of ren. Love for the people is universal love. Confucius further emphasized that this kind of love should “begin with the love for one’s parents”. He believed no one could love people in general if they did not even love their own parents. Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty”as the essence of ren. The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) quotes Confucius as saying, “ The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.” He also said, “Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.” He did not mean that children should not leave their parents at all. What he meant was that children should not make the parents anxious about them while away from home. Confucius said again, “Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.”

By ren, Confucius meant universal love based on love for one’s parents. How should people love one another then? Confucius said, “One should be aware that other people may have similar desires as oneself. While fulfilling one’s desires, allow others to fulfill their desires as well.” He further said, “Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.” Thus from oneself to one’s family, from family to society, one should extend love to all people. Mencius (c. 372-289 BC), a great Confucian scholar, best summarized ren as, “loving one’s parents, loving the people, loving everything in the world.”

Li refers to rituals, traditions and norms in social life. Of these, Confucius regarded burial rituals and ancestral worship rituals as the most important, because they rose from human feelings. He said, “A child should not leave his parents’ bosom until he is three years old.” He naturally love his parents. The ritual of wearing mourning for a deceased parent for three years was an expression of the child’s love and remembrance.

Confucius on the State of life

Before Confucius, only the nobility had the right to education. He was the first figure in Chinese history to initiate private education. According to historical records, Confucius taught for many years and trained 3,000 disciples. A total of 72 of them excelled in the “six arts”, i.e., ritual, music, archery, (carriage)driving, calligraphy, and mathematics. A great educator, Confucius has been admired by later generations as the “sage of sages”.

Confucius believed the basic goal of education was to cultivate “persons of virtue”, who should have sound character and uplifted minds. Such people should be able to shoulder important social responsibilities and to make contributions to society. Confucius regarded lofty ideals, great virtue, love of people, and the “six arts” as the general principles of education. Of these, virtue was the most important. His students were involved in a variety of professions, including politics, trade, education, diplomacy, ritual ceremony, and classifying ancient books. Whatever they did, they all wanted to improve their learning of the humanities and to enhance their virtue.

Unit 2 Laozi’s philosophy of Non-action

The book Laozi was written around the sixth century BC. The author is generally believed to be Lao Dan, or Laozi – a recluse who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. Few records have survived about Lao Dan, who was said to have once held a low civil position in the royal court, in chare of the archival records of the Zhou Dynasty. Yet, due to his great learning, even Confucius was said to have traveled miles to consult him.

Laozi, also known as Classic of the Way and Virtue (Dao De Jing), consists of just over 5,000 Chinese characters. Its 81 chapters are divided into two parts, Dao (the Way) and De (Virtue). Short as it is, the book has played a tremendous role in the development of Chinese culture. It became the basis of Daoism, the school of philosophy parallel to Confucianism in ancient China. The thought of Laozi formed the foundation of Daoism, the most influential indigenous school of religion in China. It has also exerted a direct impact on the characteristics, trends of thought and aesthetic sensibilities of the Chinese nation. Today Laozi still plays a role in the development of Chinese thinking.

Naturalness and Non-action

“Naturalness” is an important concept of Laozi’s philosophy. It refers to a natural state of being, an attitude of following the way of nature. Laozi emphasized that everything in the world has its own way of being and development: birds fly in the sky, fish swim in the water, clouds float in the sky, flowers bloom and flowers fall. All these phenomena occur independently and naturally without following any human will, and humans should not try to change anything natural. Laozi admonished people to give up on any desire to control the world. Following the way of nature is the way to resolving conflicts between humans and the world.

“Non-action”is another important concept of Laozi’s philosophy. It is the guarantee of “Naturalness”. Laozi said, “(Dao or the Way) acts through non-action,” by which he did no mean that one should do nothing and passively wait for something to be achieved. Neither did he deny human creativity. What he meant is that human enterprises should be built on the basis of naturalness, not on many attempts to interrupt the rhythm of nature. Human creativity should be in compliance with the ways of nature.

The philosophy of Non-contention

On the basis of “naturalness” and “non-action”, Laozi proposed the view of “overcoming the strong by being weak”. The era Laozi lived in was replete with endless wars. Therefore, war was

an important treme for philosophers, and ant-war thinking was the norm. Even the great strategist Sunzi advocated “winning a war without fighting it”, not to mention the great thinker Confucius, who strongly championed a government based on love. Their contemporary Mozi (c. 468-376 BC), founder of Mohism, also condemned wars while calling for “love for all”.

According to Laozi, war springs from humanity’s bloated desires. Conflict arises out of people’s struggles to satisfy their desires, and conflict escalates into war. Therefore, Laozi’s philosophy is based on “non-contention”. To him, human striving and competitive strife is the root cause of decline; desiring nothing is the natural way of life.

Laozi said, “The greatest virtue is like water.”He compared his philosophy of “non-contention” to water, to distinguish it from the law of the jungle. He said, “Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing.” To Laozi, humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places. Driven by desire, humans like whatever they think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior. Yet water always flows downward. As the source of life, water nourishes all living things on Earth. No life can exist without water. Water contributes to the world without regard for gain or loss. Remaining low, level and tranquil, water embraces and reflects everything under heaven. The way of water is completely different from the way of people with avid desires.

But the philosophy of Laozi is by no means weak. On the contrary, it is full of strength. According to Laozi, water accumulates great strength in its weakness and quietude. Its strength can break down all barriers in the world. He said, “Nothing in the world is weaker than water. Yet nothing is stronger than water when it comes to breaking something strong.” Water is a typical example of the weak winning over the strong. Water is invincible because it desires nothing and contends for nothing.

Unit 3 Chinese Buddhist Culture

Who am I? Where am I from? Where am I going?

Men are mortal. But death is not an once-and-for-all thing. They enter the rotating Wheel of Six Realms:Heaven, Human, Asura, Animal, Hungry Ghost, Hell.

Documents stored in computer can be canceled at will, but what we have done in our life, and actually in our innumerable lives, cannot. What has been done has been done. The information is stored in your true “self”, not the physical one, and will accompany you life after life, and determines which Realm you enter.Only when we are completely free from lust, hatred, and folly, can we manage to break away from the capture of the rotating Wheel, and achieve perpetual enlightenment, discovering your true “self”.In Buddhism there isn’t any dominating god who controls your destiny. We are the maker of our own fate. What we are at present is a result of what we have done in the past; and what we will be in the future is decided by what we are doing at present. What we have done form the “karma”, which, like a gene, decides on your future story. But this “gene” can of c ourse be modified, by doing good deeds and obtaining healthy biological and spiritual energy, so as to change our future course of career. We are, therefore, our own master. What are the basic requirements for a Buddhist?

Five Prohibitions for the laymen:

1) Don’t kill;

2) Don’t steal;

中国文化英语教程文本

Part I Wisdom and Beliefs Unit 1 Confucian thought on heaven and humanity Confucius (551-479 BC), known in China as Kongzi, given name Qiu and alias Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi (present-day Qufu in Shandong Province) of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism, Confucius is an ancient sage to the Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects (Lunyu). Confucius on Heaven: the source of Everything In the Shang (1600-1046 BC) and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties, the prevalent concept of “Heaven”was that of a personified god, which influenced Confucius. Generally, however, Confucius regarded “Heaven”as nature. He said, “Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.” Obviously, heaven equaled nature, in the eyes of Confucius. Moreover, nature was not a lifeless mechanism separate from humans; instead, it was the great world of life and the process of creation of life. Human life was part and parcel of nature as a whole. Confucius on People: ren and li Ren and Li are the two core concepts of Confucius’s doctrine about people. When his students Fan Chi asked him about ren, Confucius replied, “love people”. This is Confucius’ most important interpretation of ren. Love for the people is universal love. Confucius further emphasized that this kind of love should “begin with the love for one’s parents”. He believed no one could love people in general if they did not even love their own parents. Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty”as the essence of ren. The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) quotes Confucius as saying, “ The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.” He also said, “Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.” He did not mean that children should not leave their parents at all. What he meant was that children should not make the parents anxious about them while away from home. Confucius said again, “Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.” By ren, Confucius meant universal love based on love for one’s parents. How should people love one another then? Confucius said, “One should be aware that other people may have similar desires as oneself. While fulfilling one’s desires, allow others to fulfill their desires as well.” He further said, “Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.” Thus from oneself to one’s family, from family to society, one should extend love to all people. Mencius (c. 372-289 BC), a great Confucian scholar, best summarized ren as, “loving one’s parents, loving the people, loving everything in the world.” Li refers to rituals, traditions and norms in social life. Of these, Confucius regarded burial rituals and ancestral worship rituals as the most important, because they rose from human feelings. He said, “A child should not leave his parents’ bosom until he is three years old.” He naturally love his parents. The ritual of wearing mourning for a deceased parent for three years was an expression of the child’s love and remembrance. Confucius on the State of life

中国文化英语教程复习课件综合版

Review Outline for "English Introduction to Chinese Culture Course" Overview & Introduction: See the picture on the right, and describe them in English. Video: This is China BBC: Wild China Full Name of China: PRC-People's Republic of China National Flag: the red five-star flag Party in power: CPC-Communist Party of China CPPCC-Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Emblem Key words: Forbidden City/ Imperial Palace; Temple of Heaven; Summer Palace; Ming Tombs; The world-renowned Badaling section of the Great Wall; to be added more... Enjoy videos: NBC北京奥运会片头 《北京欢迎你》 Geography Location Southeast Asia , the Pacific Ocean, the world‘s third largest country. 9.6 million square kilometers, 18,000 kilometers, a rooster. northern end: Mohe, Heilongjiang Province, south: Zengmu Ansha west: Pamirs east: the conjunction of the Heilongjiang (Amur) River and the Wusuli (Ussuri) River. Boundary East: Korea North: Mongalia Northeast: Russia Northwest: Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan West & Southwest: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan South: Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam Marine-side neighbors include eight countries -- North Korea, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. Topography Terrain

中国文化英语教程文本

P a r t I W i s d o m a n d B e l i e f s Unit 1 Confucian thought on heaven and humanity Confucius (551-479 BC), known in China as Kongzi, given name Qiu and alias Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi (present-day Qufu in Shandong Province) of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism, Confucius is an ancient sage to the Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects (Lunyu). Confucius on Heaven: the source of Everything In the Shang (1600-1046 BC) and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties, the prevalent concept of “Heaven”was that of a personified god, which influenced Confucius. Generally, however, Confucius regarded “Heaven” as nature. He said, “Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.”Obviously, heaven equaled nature, in the eyes of Confucius. Moreover, nature was not a lifeless mechanism separate from humans; instead, it was the great world of life and the process of creation of life. Human life was part and parcel of nature as a whole. Confucius on People: ren and li Ren and Li are the two core concepts of Confucius’s doctrine about people. When his students Fan Chi asked him about ren, Confucius replied, “love people”. This is Confucius’ most important interpretation of ren. Love for the people is universal love. Confucius further emphasized that this kind of love should “begin with the love for one’s parents”. He believed no one could love people in general if they did not even love their own parents. Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty”as the essence of ren. The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) quotes Confucius as saying, “The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.” He also said, “Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.” He did not mean that children should not leave their parents at all. What he meant was that children should not make the parents anxious about them while away from home. Confucius said again, “Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.” By ren, Confucius meant universal love based on love for one’s parents. How should people love one another then Confucius said, “One should be aware that other people may have similar desires as oneself. While fulfilling one’s desires, allow others to fulfill their desires as well.” He further said, “Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.” Thus from oneself to one’s family, from family to society, one should extend love to all people. Mencius (c. 372-289 BC), a great Confucian scholar, best summarized ren as, “loving one’s parents, loving the people, loving everything in the world.” Li refers to rituals, traditions and norms in social life. Of these, Confucius regarded burial rituals and ancestral worship rituals as the most important, because they rose from human feelings. He said, “A child should not leave his parents’ bosom until he is three years old.” He naturally love his parents. The ritual of wearing mourning for a deceased parent for three years was an expression of the child’s love and remembrance. Confucius on the State of life

福州大学--中国文化--英语教程复习题及答案

I. Chinese Cultural Terms : 1.绿茶green tea 2.红茶black tea 3.乌龙茶oolong tea 4.黑茶dark tea 5.花茶scented tea 6.茉莉花茶jasmine tea 7.八大菜系eight major schools of cuisine /8 Regional Chinese Cuisines 8.茶道tea ceremony 9.茶具tea set 10.紫砂壶boccaro teapot 11.北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck 12.清蒸鱼steamed fish 13.狗不理包子Goubili steamed buns 14. 佛跳墙Buddha Jumping the Wall 15.《论语》The Analects 16.《诗经》The Book of Songs 17.《道德经》Classic of the Way and Virtue 18.道家Daoism 19.汉字Chinese character 20.象形文字pictograph

21.甲骨文oracle-bone inscription/ oracle-bone script 22.篆文seal character/ seal script 23.文房四宝four treasures of study 24.丝绸之路the Silk Road 25. 海上丝绸之路the Maritime silk road 26.一带一路倡议The Belt and Road Initiative 27.西域the Western regions 28.敦煌石窟the Dunhuang Grottoes 29.春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period 30. 方块象形文字the square-shaped pictographic character 31. 颜(真卿）体the Yan style 32. 民间艺术folk arts 33.年画New Year pictures 34.剪纸paper cutting /papercuts 35.皮影戏shadow play 36.苏绣Suhou Embroidery 37.造纸术paper making 38.印刷术printing 39.佛经Buddhist scripture 40.行书running script /semi-cursive script 41.草书cursive script 42.楷书regular script/standard script

中国文化英语教程文本 (优选.)

wo最新文件---------------- 仅供参考--------------------已改成-----------word文本--------------------- 方便更改 rd Part I Wisdom and Beliefs Unit 1 Confucian thought on heaven and humanity Confucius (551-479 BC), known in China as Kongzi, given name Qiu and alias Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi (present-day Qufu in Shandong Province) of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism, Confucius is an ancient sage to the Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects (Lunyu). Confucius on Heaven: the source of Everything In the Shang (1600-1046 BC) and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties, the prevalent concept of “Heaven”was that of a personified god, which influenced Confucius. Generally, however, Confucius regarded “Heaven”as nature. He said, “Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.” Obviously, heaven equaled nature, in the eyes of Confucius. Moreover, nature was not a lifeless mechanism separate from humans; instead, it was the great world of life and the process of creation of life. Human life was part and parcel of nature as a whole. Confucius on People: ren and li Ren and Li are the two core concepts of Confucius’s doctrine about people. When his students Fan Chi asked him about ren, Confucius replied, “love people”. This is Confucius’ most important interpretation of ren. Love for the people is universal love. Confucius further emphasized that this kind of love should “begin with the love for one’s parents”. He believed no one could love people in general if they did not even love their own parents. Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty”as the essence of ren. The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) quotes Confucius as saying, “ The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.” He also said, “Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.” He did not mean that children should not leave their parents at all. What he meant was that children should not make the parents anxious s .. t .....

中国文化英语教程试卷

贵州商专2010-2011学年第一学期期末考试 中国文化英语教程试卷（A） ⅠChoose the best answer from the four choices.(40) 1. A production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Though 2. It is quite warm today__A_____ January. A. for B. in C. at D. on 3. China was____B___ war______ Japan at the time. A. on; with B. at; with C. on; against D. in; against 4. Five pounds ___B___ as much as it used to. A. don’t buy B. doesn’t buy C. are buying D. is buying 5. I’m thirsty. Will you bring me___B___ , please? A. some bread B. some tea C. some cakes D. some eggs 6. He has____C__ on his farm. A. 20 head of cattles B. 20 heads of cattles C. 20 heads of cattle D. 20 head of cattle 7. I wish I could give you __B_____. A. many advice B. much advice C. many advices D. a lot of advices 8. They say the police ___B___ always stopping people from doing what they want to do. A. is B. are C. has D. have 9. His hair is getting___C___ . A. long and long B. longest and longest C. longer and longer D. longer and longest 10.My sister sings __A____ in the school. A. the best B. more best C. the better D. better 11. w e won’t graduate from the high school___B____ we pass the exam. A. till B. until C. when D. after 12. ___A___ to my surprise, I failed the exam. A. Much B. More C. Too much D. Much more 13. Who is the man,___B___ in the front row? A. one B. the one C. first D. the first 14. The earth is about___B___ as the moon. A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty time D. fifty as times big 15. ___C__ of the buildings were ruined. A. Three fourth B. Three four C. Three fourths D. Three-four 16. Remember ___B__ ; thank your friend when you leave the party. A. your manner B. your manners C. his manner D. his manners. 17. He bought ___B___ for his new house. A. many new furniture B. much new furniture C. much new furniture D. many new furnitures 18. ___A__ you study, _____ you will learn.

中国文化英语教程 learing journey

Learning journal In this semester,we choose the course called “Chinese Culture Matters”,in which we not only learn a lot about the differences between Chinese and western countries, but also help us have a better understanding of the foreign culture .In my opinion Culture Matters is a cross-cultural bilingual talkwhose target audience is well-educated Chinese college student interested in Western culture as well as foreigners living all over the world. In our learning process, we work in groups, while our team is responsible for a unit about “Intellectual Freedom and Chinese Education”.First, we prepare for a presentation based on the research of Chinese and westernculture and different educational practice.On this condition,wecan better carry out the education for all-round developmentin China. This presentation hasstressed the differences in sex education and exam education, between Chinese and westerneducation, whose purpose is to figure out the deep meaning beneath the surface .In conclusion,Nothing is absolutely correct or wrong, especially in education.Sex & exam education for Children expose problems of Chinese education.But is western education perfect?Be independent-minded.That's the first step to learn from western countries. What Iam in charge for is a simple “answer and question game”about ancient education, especially about our Chinese characteristic----Imperial Examinations.Top four groups can choose snacks as rewards according to the ranking order,while the bottom of all groups can’t get snacks unless they accept the punishment----blowing up aballoon with blindfold.What’s more,the first group can popthe balloon as they like. What the great progress I have made is that I know that I have to make plans and follow my plan. I must have a blueprint of your future, so that I can follow it in order to avoid catching up on the preparation for game. What’s more,I think it is important for me to make plans for myelf both for a period of time and my living years. I have read a report about the importance of plans. A survey was made in a Harvard undergraduates, and they are from one class, they are asked a question about what do they plan for their future. Then 25 years later, those who have clear long-term plans become the very successful, those who keep on setting short-term goals become professional people, those who do not have goals or plans failed in their life. The problem I have met is my backward in English, This may not be a problem only for me .After thecollege entrance examination, we put English aside and totally forget a fact that English is for lifelong learning. We even can’t remember when we recite words last times? What a pity! We should foster our habit of lifelong learning, while how to persist without locale is still a problem. In the end ,I think that l have learnt a lot through this semester’s courses,I want to show my sicere thanks to my teacher Miss Liu, she is so gentle a teacher that never put on airs and she teaches me a lot about the differences about culture matters between Chinese and western

福州大学--中国文化--英语教程复习题及答案

福州大学--中国文化--英语教程复习题及答案 I. Chinese Cultural Terms : 1.绿茶green tea 2.红茶black tea 3.乌龙茶oolong tea 4.黑茶dark tea 5.花茶scented tea 6.茉莉花茶 jasmine tea 7.八大菜系eight major schools of cuisine /8 Regional Chinese Cuisines 8.茶道tea ceremony 9.茶具 tea set 10.紫砂壶 boccaro teapot 11.北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck 12.清蒸鱼steamed fish 13.狗不理包子Goubili steamed buns 14. 佛跳墙Buddha Jumping the Wall 15.《论语》 The Analects 16.《诗经》The Book of Songs 17.《道德经》 Classic of the Way and Virtue 18.道家 Daoism 19.汉字 Chinese character 20.象形文字pictograph 21.甲骨文 oracle-bone inscription/ oracle-bone script 22.篆文 seal character/ seal script 23.文房四宝 four treasures of study

24.丝绸之路 the Silk Road 25. 海上丝绸之路 the Maritime silk road 26.一带一路倡议The Belt and Road Initiative 27.西域 the Western regions 28.敦煌石窟 the Dunhuang Grottoes 29.春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period 30. 方块象形文字 the square-shaped pictographic character 31. 颜(真卿)体 the Yan style 32. 民间艺术 folk arts 33.年画 New Year pictures 34.剪纸paper cutting /papercuts 35.皮影戏 shadow play 36.苏绣 Suhou Embroidery 37.造纸术 paper making 38.印刷术 printing 39.佛经 Buddhist scripture 40.行书 running script /semi-cursive script 41.草书 cursive script 42.楷书 regular script/standard script 43.隶书 official script/ clerical script 44.砚the ink slab/ the ink stone; 墨ink stick 45.六艺:礼乐射御书数“six arts” : ritual,music,archery, carriage driving , calligraphy , and mathematics 46.毛笔 the writing brush 47.宣纸 xuan paper/ rice paper 48.中国书法Chinese calligraphy

中国文化英语教程试卷及答案

中国文化英语教程试卷（A） ⅠChoose the best answer from the four choices.(40) 1. A production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Though 2. It is quite warm today__A_____ January. A. for B. in C. at D. on 3. China was____B___ war______ Japan at the time. A. on; with B. at; with C. on; against D. in; against 4. Five pounds ___B___ as much as it used to. A. don’t buy B. doesn’t buy C. are buying D. is buying 5. I’m thirsty. Will you bring me___B___ , please? A. some bread B. some tea C. some cakes D. some eggs 6. He has____C__ on his farm. A. 20 head of cattles B. 20 heads of cattles C. 20 heads of cattle D. 20 head of cattle 7. I wish I could give you __B_____. A. many advice B. much advice C. many advices D. a lot of advices 8. They say the police ___B___ always stopping people from doing what they want to do. A. is B. are C. has D. have 9. His hair is getting___C___ . A. long and long B. longest and longest C. longer and longer D. longer and longest 10.My sister sings __A____ in the school. A. the best B. more best C. the better D. better 11. w e won’t graduate from the high school___B____ we pass the exam. A. till B. until C. when D. after 12. ___A___ to my surprise, I failed the exam. A. Much B. More C. Too much D. Much more 13. Who is the man,___B___ in the front row? A. one B. the one C. first D. the first 14. The earth is about___B___ as the moon. A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty time D. fifty as times big 15. ___C__ of the buildings were ruined. A. Three fourth B. Three four C. Three fourths D. Three-four 16. Remember ___B__ ; thank your friend when you leave the party. A. your manner B. your manners C. his manner D. his manners. 17. He bought ___B___ for his new house. A. many new furniture B. much new furniture C. much new furniture D. many new furnitures 18. ___A__ you study, _____ you will learn.