中级口译笔译绿皮书习题答案及讲评

中级口译翻译绿皮书习题一答案及讲评

TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations. One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This undermines their cooperation.

It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. In the long run, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information.

分析：

①Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations.

译法：信息和沟通／交流对于现代社会和企业（组织）来说至关重要。

考点：organization 常解释为“公司；企业”或“组织”，这篇文章其实属于Management 板块，应解释为“企业”。

具体译法：成语法：central→ 至关重要

②One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system.

译文１：把企业看作是一个沟通体系，这是了解工作环境的方法之一。

译文２：了解工作环境的一个方法是把企业看作是一个沟通体系。

③?An organization (that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization) ?will be much more effective and a much better place to work ?than the organization (that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive).

译文：一个企业如果具备坦诚／公开的沟通模式／渠道和全方位的诚信信息，比起那些试图封闭信息，曲解甚至欺骗的企业来说，将会有更高的效能，并更适宜于工作。

考点：定语从句的翻译：第一句用了省略法，第二句用了前置法。

换序译法：翻译顺序：???。这是一句较长的句子，但是句子结构并不复杂，考生可以发现整句句子是一个比较级，主语和宾语分别是两种企业，谓语是will be much more effective and a much better place to work ，不过两个企业的后面都各有一个长句进行修饰，特别是第一个企业。因此在翻译时先把主语的情况交待完毕，然后用“比”连起句子的宾语，宾语的定语并不长，可以前置，最后再翻译谓语。

意译：这句句子意译的数量相当多，可以说是中级口译翻译到现在为止意译考点最多的地方了。

open lines of communication→ 公开的沟通渠道（直译）

→ 坦诚的沟通模式（意译）

valid, honest information→ 真实可靠的信息（直译）

→ 诚信信息（意译）

going up, down, and throughout → 机构内上下（直译）

→ 全方位（意译）

more effective→ 更高的效率（直译）

→ 更高的效能（意译）

restrict the flow of information→ 限制信息的流通（直译）

→ 封闭信息（意译）

转性译法：形容词→ 名词effective→ 效能

形容词→ 动词better→ 适宜于

④When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. 译文1 ：如果领导层让员工信息闭塞（蒙在鼓里），员工就会对领导不信任。

译文2 ：领导如果什么事情都不对员工讲，员工就会不信任领导。

考点：具体译法：加字法：leadership→ 领导层

成语法：keep workers in the dark→ 让员工蒙在鼓里

转性译法：形容词→ 动词distrustful→ 不信任

⑤This undermines their cooperation.

译文：由此破坏他们之间的合作。

⑥It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information.

译文1 ：开诚布公的沟通和无误的信息，它们的价值和重要性是显而易见的。

译文2 ：懂得公开真诚的交流和可靠信息的价值和重要性是不难的。

考点：具体译法：加字法：importance→ 重要性

成语法：open,honest communications→ 开诚布公的沟通

正反译法：easy→ 不难的valid→ 无误的

⑦Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner.

译文１：然而能够做到这点的企业并不多见。

译文２：然而很少有企业能够这样做/运作。

考点：正反译法：few→ 不多见

⑧In the long run , poor communication will undermine the entire organization.

译文：不良沟通从长远上讲就会危害整个企业．

考点：正反译法：poor→ 不良的

⑨Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range

thinking .

译文1 ：限制沟通和歪曲信息会使企业成为井底之蛙。

译文2 ：限制沟通和歪曲信息会使企业鼠目寸光。

译文3 ：限制沟通和歪曲信息会使企业缺乏远见。

译文4 ：限制沟通和歪曲信息是思想狭隘的表现。

考点：具体译法：成语法：short-range thinking→ 井底之蛙；鼠目寸光

正反译法：short-range thinking→ 缺乏远见

⑩We must avoid these stupid, short-sightedtraps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information.

译文1 ：我们必须告别这些愚蠢、缺乏远见的做法，并致力于建立一个公开的沟通系统，确保信息客观公正。

译文２：我们必须摆脱这些愚蠢、短浅的思想羁绊，不断地努力营造一个客观信息公开交流的系统。

考点：正反译法：short-sighted→ 缺乏远见

意译：traps→ 羁绊

转性译法：介词→ 动词with→ 确保

TRANSLATION TEST (2) (30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

中华民族历来爱好自由和和平，中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。中国人民在近代饱受战争和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。任何一个国家和民族的自由，都是一切个人自由的前

提和基础，我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫，歧视和欺凌的自由。

分析：

①中华民族历来爱好自由和和平。

译文1 ：The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace .

译文2 ：The Chinese people have been a freedom-and-peace-loving nation since ancient times.

考点：换序译法：“历来”前置翻译→It has been traditionally believed

“历来”后置翻译→since ancient times

②中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。

译文１：The Chinese people are always looking forward to the global peace and friendship among all nations.

译文２：They have always hoped for the world to be at peace and the peoples of various countries to co-exist friendly.

考点：转性译法：副词→ 名词友好→friendship

③中国人民在近代饱受战争和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。

译文1 ：Having suffered from the pains of wars and invasion in recent times, the Chinese people have cherished the value/preciousness of freedom and peace than ever.

译文2 ：Having suffered from wars and foreign aggression in recent times, the Chinese people treasure the freedom and peace all the more.

考点：换序译法：“中国人民”后置翻译。

④任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。

译文1 ：The construction and development of any country needs/entails a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment.

译文2 ：Every nation needs a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment for its construction and development.

⑤任何一个国家和民族的自由，都是一切个人自由的前提和基础。

译文：The freedom of any country or nation is the prerequisite and foundation/basis of that of any individual.

⑥我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫，歧视和欺凌的自由。

译文：We sincerely hope people of all nations live in a world free from wars and violence and enjoy the freedom immune to/without oppression, discrimination and humiliation.

考点：换序译法：“没有战争和暴力的”和“不被人压迫、歧视和欺凌的”后置到所修饰主体名词后翻译。

中级口译笔译绿皮书习题二答案及讲评

TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so do cultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.

Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people’s heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a

person’s value system when crucial decisions need to be made before there i s any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.

分析：

①Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain (what he or she wants).

译文1 ：语言和文化学习，对儿童来说并不存在特定的程序和计划，但是由于语言是儿童得偿所愿最有效的方式，因而他们学语言的主观能动性是很高的。

译文２：儿童学习语言和文化，无需专门编制的教学计划，但他们的学习积极性很高，因为他们若要获得想要的东西，语言乃是最有效的手段。

考点：转态译法：被主交换：are lea rned by children→ 儿童学习

意译：special organized programs of instruction→ 特定的程序和计划

具体译法：成语法：obtain what he or she wants→ 得偿所愿

换序译法：since 从句先译

②If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learnedafter upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist.

译文１：如果一个人在少年时期就学一门新的语言，那么（将来）很可能说得很流利。但如果成年还没有学语言，母语的一些习惯特征就会根深蒂固。

译文２：如果一个人十来岁开始学习一门新的语言，日后他就有可能轻松自如地说这门语言。但如果到十六、七岁才学，那么他说话时多半会夹杂一些母语的痕迹。

考点：转性译法：名词→ 动词learning→ 学习

动词→ 形容词persist→ 根深蒂固naturalness→ 流利

动词→ 副词naturalness→ 轻松自如地

意译：before lower adolescence→ 少年时期；十来岁

after upper adolescence→ 到成年；十六、七岁

hangover→ 痕迹

adolescence 在英语中表示“青春期”，一般指成年以前从13 到15 岁的发育期。在翻译before lower adolescence 时，不能简单处理成“青少年时期的早期”，既累赘，语义又晦涩。可以翻译成“少年时期”，因为“青少年时期的早期”即“少年时期”，也可根据adolescence 的年龄范围处理成“十几岁”。当然after upper adolescence 直译为“在青春期后”，即“十六、七岁”，此阶段离“成年”不远。

正反译法：if learned after uppe r adolescence→ 如果成年还没有学语言

转态译法：被主交换but if learned after upper adolescence→ 如果成年还没有学语言

具体译法：成语法：persist→ 根深蒂固

③But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so docultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.

译文1 ：不仅语言体现了这种学习方式，文化特性也是如此，诸如握手、接吻和拥抱。

译文2 ：不仅语言学习呈现这种模式，文化秉性，如握手、接吻和拥抱，也同样如此。

考点：倒装句的翻译

④Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people’s heads.

译文：尽管许多人认为语言只存在于字典和语法书中，其实它只存在于人的头脑里。

考点：具体译法：加字法：grammars→ 语法书

前者有“字典”，grammar 如翻译成“语法”，和“字典”并不是一个对等的实物，因为“语法”是一个抽象的东西，而“语法书”是一个具体的出版物，因此应选择后者的翻译。

⑤But this is equally true of cultural traits, (which indicate clearly a person’s value system) when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.

译文1 ：文化特性何尝不是如此？当人们不得不做出不加思索的关键决定，比如说跳进湍急的水流中救一个溺水儿童，那么他的文化特性就清晰地展现了他的价值体系。

译文2 ：文化秉性亦然。在没有时间考虑何取何舍而必须作出关键性决定时，如跳进湍急的水流中去救一个溺水的孩子，文化秉性会清楚的表现了一个人的价值体系。

考点：This is true of/in… 表示以上情况也适用于of 后的宾语，翻译时可用“何尝不是如此”、“亦然”、“也是这样”等表达。如：

In Mac, you can enjoy the food in a comforting atmosphere with instant and professional service. This is also true in KFC.

在麦当劳就餐环境舒适，服务专业迅捷。肯德基何尝不是如此？

定语从句的翻译：重复法→which…

换序译法：?But this is equally true of cultural traits, ?which indicate clearly a person’s value system ?when crucial decisions need to be made ?before there is any time to think about alternatives, ?for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.

翻译顺序如上。这句句子是一句非常复杂的句子，表面上不难理解，但翻译的顺序很有讲究。除了第?句，后面有两句相连环的定语从句,which 是一句非限制性定语从句，when 是一句限制性定语从句，由于较长，不可能翻译成“清晰地展现了当…… 的价值体系”。因此可以把when 这句定语从句当成是一句时间状语从句去处理，单独断句。不料在when 这句中又有before 真正的时间状语从句，这时有两种翻译方法：一种是把它翻译成一般的时间状语从句，或是把它处理成较简单的表达，作定语去修饰decisions ，两种方法都需要前置。翻译完后再紧跟第?句作为例子，趁热打铁。最后再回到上面处理第?句，不过由于当中隔离许多内容，读者对which 所指代的cultural traits 已经没有印象，需要在翻译时再次提起。

转态译法：被主交换: crucial decisions need to be made→ 人们不得不做出关键决定

意译：before there is any time to think about alternatives→ 不假思索的

flooding stream 极易翻错，不解释为“洪水”，因为“洪水”为flood ，在这里flooding 为形容词，修饰stream ，表示“湍急的水流”

新视野大学英语第四册课后习题汉译英答案(重点突出版)

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上海中级口译考试流程

中口考试流程

整体思路 一句话概括口译听力训练“听得懂、记得住、写得快” 听得懂 复习思路：听力有效词汇量，熟悉背景知识及常考套路，适应各类发音现象 练习内容：VOA，BBC标准语速及类似难度的听抄与跟读练习，昂立教师博客听抄练习，高级口译笔试听力Q6-10新闻题听抄练习 记得住 复习思路：个人笔记习惯训练，属于自己的笔记符号，以复述强化短期记忆 练习内容： *0709-030910套真题中的SpotDictation＋Sentence/PassageTranslation（中级包括statements，高级包括Note-TakingandGap-Filling） *听力教程（Statements＋非对话类的篇章＋Sentence/PassageTranslation）（中级包括statements） *昂立版预测试卷（8套） 写得快 复习思路：强化“在规定时间内写下想表达的大意”，熟练，果断 专项练习 SpotDictation 复习思路：记录单词快速、准确、精炼，熟悉自己的书写习惯，快速誊写

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