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考研阅读事实细节题攻略(一)

考研阅读事实细节题攻略(一)
考研阅读事实细节题攻略(一)

考研阅读事实细节题攻略(一)

该题型提问方式灵活,涉及短文的各种具体细节,如时间、地点、原因、结果、方式等。解答细节题时,理解文中的具体信息以及文中的概念性含义是关键。解答本题型的基本步骤即“精确定位”和“选项分析”。简单的问题在定位后即可找到答案,稍微复杂的需在定位后进行选项与原文的一致性分析。

1 某实验或发现。常见的提示词有study,research,findings,model, assumption, hypothesis 等。

真题示例1

The IUCN’s “Red List”suggests that human beings are

[A] a sustained species [B] a threat to the environment

[A] the world’s dominant power [A] a misplaced race

首先进行定位,有题干关键词The IUCN’s “Red List”定位到第三段第三句,该句中提到,看一下国际自然保护联合会对人类的描述,就会发现人类所具有的特征以及目前并不存在真正威胁人类存在的食物这一事实,决定了人类必然不会再近期内遭受灭种的命运,因此,这一物种listed as Least Concern(被列入最无需关注类别),也就是说,人类会在很长一段时间内存在下去,所以答案为[A]。虽然threats一词在该段第三句中出现,但这里是说here are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline(目前世界上没有真正威胁到人类的食物存在),而并非说人类是自然界的威胁,故排除[B];“Red List”中提到人类在地球上very widely distributed(分布广泛),但并没有说人类占主导地位,故排除[C];该句中也没有涉及misplaced这一概念,故排除[D]。

真题示例2

According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as

[A] a supplement to the social cure.

[B] a stimulus to group dynamics.

[C] an obstacle to school progress.

[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors.

首先进行定位,由题干提示直接定位至首段。该段第二句提到了peer pressure, 接着第三句做出解释:It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. (它通常导致酗酒、吸食毒品以及滥交。) leads to表明了因果关系,而no good-drinking,drugs和casual sex都可以归入undesirable behaviors, 因此[D]为答案。题干中的often一词表明本问题关注的是普遍的观点,而该段末句中提到的内容是Tina Rosenberg在其新书中提出的个人看法,social cure 和group dynamics都是她提到的内容,故排除[A]和[B]。此外,第一段没有提及学业进步,

[C]缺乏依据,故排除。

2 人名、引语、年代和数字,提示词多为人名、数字等。

真题示例1

Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default

[A] may cut the number of junk ads.

[B] fails to affect the ad industry.

[C] will not benefit consumers.

[D] goes against human nature.

首先进行定位,由题干关键词Bob Liodice定位到第五段第三、四句。第三句中提到了Bob的态度,他明确说consumers will be worse off, 即消费者的境况反而会变得更糟。接着,他解释了原因。那是因为消费者不仅不会受到广告的骚扰,反而会收到一些更没有意义而且漫无目的的广告。简而言之,这种默认的DNT设置并不会使消费者受益,故[C]为答案。该段第一句提到了人类本性,那就是保持原样,不愿意主动去改变,而一旦将DNT设置为默认项,大多人不会去主动打开它,这种设置并没有违背人的本性,故排除[D];在这里,Bob 没有直接提到这种设置对广告行业的影响,但是她说,如果广告行业无法收集消费者信息的话,消费者的境况会变得更糟,由此可以推断,这种设置可能会使得广告行业无法收集某些数据,广告业还是会受到影响的,故排除[B];该段最后一句明确提到People will not get fewer ads,即广告数量并不会减少,故排除[A]。

真题示例2

Rosenberg holds that public advocates should

[A] recruit professional advertisers.

[B] learn from advertiser’s experience.

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers.

[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements.

首先进行定位,由题干中的advocates以及选项中的advertiser定位至第三段末句:罗森博格极具说服力的指出,公共健康倡导者应该向广告商学习经验,后者非常擅长利用同辈压力。这句话是对前面提出的问题的看法,罗森博格认为公共健康运动存在的问题是“这些运用没有利用同辈压力来树立健康习惯,表明人们对于心理学的理解产生了严重偏差”,能够做到“熟练运用同辈压力”的途径是take a page from advertisers, 由此可以判断,罗森博格认为广告商是运用同辈压力的高手,公共事务倡议者们在这方面存在的不足可以通过学习广告商的做法而得以弥补,故答案为[B]。三个干扰项中,[A]的干扰性较强,但recruit(招聘)与take a page from advertisers完全不相关,故排除;而[C]和[D]与原文的skilled at applying peer pressure这个结果相悖,故排除这两项。

高中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习

阅读专题-----细节题 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题,是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题 主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题 两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩,从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低,只要学生读懂文章,就 能得分,属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类 题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义,从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节,也可能涉及若 干个细节,或者针对文章的主要事实,或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类: 一是直接理解题,答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题,答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换,而不能 在原文中直接找到。 一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,两者存在表达上的差异,有时需要进行加工 或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题 型的关键,也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为: When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息,或是其变体。所以,搜查信息在阅读中非常重 要,它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属 于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问 题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题,正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找 到,即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征: 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或者改变原文句子的语态,给考生制造障 碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化,成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题,若不仔细辨别,很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征: 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换,使该选项看似正确,实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态,如把将来时变成现在时,把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论,而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”,所述细节确实与原文一致,一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别,选项中的描述与原文完全一致,确属原文中的一个细节,这时要 回到题干,看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。

考研阅读事实细节题攻略(一)

考研阅读事实细节题攻略(一) 该题型提问方式灵活,涉及短文的各种具体细节,如时间、地点、原因、结果、方式等。解答细节题时,理解文中的具体信息以及文中的概念性含义是关键。解答本题型的基本步骤即“精确定位”和“选项分析”。简单的问题在定位后即可找到答案,稍微复杂的需在定位后进行选项与原文的一致性分析。 1 某实验或发现。常见的提示词有study,research,findings,model, assumption, hypothesis 等。 真题示例1 The IUCN’s “Red List”suggests that human beings are [A] a sustained species [B] a threat to the environment [A] the world’s dominant power [A] a misplaced race 首先进行定位,有题干关键词The IUCN’s “Red List”定位到第三段第三句,该句中提到,看一下国际自然保护联合会对人类的描述,就会发现人类所具有的特征以及目前并不存在真正威胁人类存在的食物这一事实,决定了人类必然不会再近期内遭受灭种的命运,因此,这一物种listed as Least Concern(被列入最无需关注类别),也就是说,人类会在很长一段时间内存在下去,所以答案为[A]。虽然threats一词在该段第三句中出现,但这里是说here are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline(目前世界上没有真正威胁到人类的食物存在),而并非说人类是自然界的威胁,故排除[B];“Red List”中提到人类在地球上very widely distributed(分布广泛),但并没有说人类占主导地位,故排除[C];该句中也没有涉及misplaced这一概念,故排除[D]。 真题示例2 According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as [A] a supplement to the social cure. [B] a stimulus to group dynamics. [C] an obstacle to school progress. [D] a cause of undesirable behaviors. 首先进行定位,由题干提示直接定位至首段。该段第二句提到了peer pressure, 接着第三句做出解释:It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. (它通常导致酗酒、吸食毒品以及滥交。) leads to表明了因果关系,而no good-drinking,drugs和casual sex都可以归入undesirable behaviors, 因此[D]为答案。题干中的often一词表明本问题关注的是普遍的观点,而该段末句中提到的内容是Tina Rosenberg在其新书中提出的个人看法,social cure 和group dynamics都是她提到的内容,故排除[A]和[B]。此外,第一段没有提及学业进步, [C]缺乏依据,故排除。 2 人名、引语、年代和数字,提示词多为人名、数字等。 真题示例1 Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default [A] may cut the number of junk ads. [B] fails to affect the ad industry. [C] will not benefit consumers.

高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之事实细节题型(正稿)

高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之事实细节题型 阅读理解满分秘籍——理解题干的要求是核心,分析选项的特点是基础,读懂原文的主旨是条件。做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。 事实细节题型 高考《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求是:要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义; (2)理解文中具体信息; …… 《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求的第一点是理解主旨要义。第二点就是理解文中具体信息。理解文中具体信息是阅读理解的基础,是考生透彻理解文章主旨要义的条件。具体信息是围绕文章主题展开的,是对文章主题的进一步解释说明,以便让读者更好地了解作者的写作目的、意图等。对应的题型就是事实细节题型。主要考查考生对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。该题型是阅读理解部分的主要题型,几乎占了阅读理解的二分之一。充分理解文章具体信息,不仅有助于事实细节题型的答题,而且有助于其他题型的答题。 事实细节题型特点 事实细节题型主要考查考生对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。通常会针对以下内容来出题。 1. 列举 主要考查考生对文章里列出的具体内容是否都完全清楚,通常都是三点或四点,主要针对两种题型:Which题型(要求考生从选项中选出根据文章内容正确的选项)和except题型(要求考生排除三个正确的选项,选择根据文章内容错误的选项,通常称为“三缺一”)。 要求考生正确理解原文内容,并进行细致对比。 2. 转折与对比 转折处常常是作者想要表达的内容,是语义的重点,一般通过转折词but, however, yet, actually / in fact / as a matter of fact 等或对比词unlike, not so / as …as, compared to等引导。 要求考生培养良好的逻辑思维能力,理解作者的真实意图。 3. 因果 文章中的因果关系,可以用because, since, now that, for, as, so, therefore, moreover, thus, consequently,as a result / consequence, as a result / consequence of, on account of, thanks to, due to, owing to等连词、介词或短语,也可以是cause, result in, contribute to, lead to, originate from 等动词(短语)或base, basic, result, consequence等名词。 要求考生能理解文章上下文的前因后果,是高考必考题。 4. 举例 由like, as, such as, for example, for instance等引导的举例说明。

阅读理解中的细节理解题题型与策略

龙源期刊网 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0c960222.html, 阅读理解中的细节理解题题型与策略 作者:刘芳 来源:《都市家教·下半月》2013年第03期 【摘要】毋庸置疑,阅读理解是高中英语的重头戏,它主要考查我们学生对单词、句 子、短文的理解能力,这种能力既是高中英语的主要目标,也是提高英语能力保证其它题型正确性的基础。从某种意义上来说,阅读能力的高低是英语学习的关键也是高考英语成败的关键。掌握不同的解题策略,在高考冲刺阶段,一定能给学生的阅读能力起到事半功倍的效果。 【关键词】阅读理解;细节题;策略 不同的阅读题型有不同的解题技巧,笔者研究了2010-2012年安徽省高考英语试卷发现,阅读理解细节题在这三年高考卷阅读理解部分的比重分别是45%、40%、45%.不难发现,细节理解题在阅读理解占有举足轻重的地位,那么,下面就细节理解题,我谈下我个人的体会。 一、定义 文章出现某些现象或观点,题干针对文章的相关内容进行发问,考查学生对相关内容的理解、分析综合的能力。 二、题型探究与解题策略 题型探究一:Wh-题或不完整的陈述式 命题形式: (1)According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites? (2)If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit . 典例1 (12 全国卷):56. If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit . A. a Youtheater B. an art museum C. a natural history museum D. a hands-on science museum 分析:这句话的意思是:如果一个孩子对宇宙感兴趣,他可能会去哪里。题干的关键词是in the universe,我们带着关键词在文章里迅速浏览,找到相关的段落结果,我们会发现in the sky 是对in the universe的转化,所以答案选C。

(完整版)英语阅读理解之细节题

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阅读理解(1)细节理解题(含解析)

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