考研英语阅读理解事实细节题解析

考研英语阅读理解事实细节题解析

一、考查形式

在阅读理解测试中，很大比例的题目是考细节的。在对历年试题的分析中发现，事实细节题的比例占一半以上。文章中的细节通常指的是作者为论证文章主题特别是论证段落的大意而使用的具体信息。因为就议论文和说明文而言，作者在阐明所要论述的问题和观点后，通常会用大量具体的事实细节去支持说明它们。这些细节可以是理由、例子、数字等，可以采用下定义、做比较、打比方等方法去组织。

二、命题模式

According to the author/passage, who (what, where, when, why, how, ect.)-- Which of the following is true/correct/false/not included？

All of the following are (not) true/mentioned except--

The author mentions all of the items listed below the following except-- We learn from the last paragraph (the first three paragraphs, the text) that--

三、解题技巧

1.正确选项特点：

①一般可以在文章中找到直接或间接的答案，但不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型去表达相同的思想。例如，原文用双重否定，选项用肯定句式；进行同义词替换或是句子结构的替换或句子结构变换；原文与选项互换反义词等等。当然这只是形式上的变换，意思还是一致；

②在因果关系处常常命题，正确项多为产生原因或是主要原因，也有少量考结果的；

③体现中心思想，有很多选项刚好落在段落主旨句中。

2.干扰项特点：

①部分正确，部分错误；

②是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容，如，根据题干中的关键词定位到段落，若选项中出现这个范围之外其他段落的内容必错；

③符合常识，但不是文章的内容；

④与原句的内容极为相似，但程度上有些变动，如：将文中并非绝对化的内容绝对化，或偷梁换柱改动一些关键词；

⑤明显不是文中信息，与文章信息不符或是相反。

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