2014年6月大学英语六级真题及答案最全.doc

Part I Writing ( 30minutes)

1、Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

2、Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise a person by their appearance. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（小编写的就是这篇，还行~~）

3、Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200words.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income, US government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government. Municipal bonds, also secure, are offered by local governments and often have___ 36___such as tax-free interest. Some may even be___37___. Corporate bonds are a bit more risky.

Two questions often___38___first-time corporate bond investors. The first is “If I purchase a corporate bond, do I have to hold it until the maturity date?” The answer is no. Bonds are bought and sold daily on___39___securities exchanges. However, if you decide to sell your bond before its maturity date, you’re not guaranteed to get the face value of the bond. For example, if your bond does not have___40___ that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at a___ 41___, i.e., a price less than the bond's face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i. e ., a price above its face value. Bond prices generally___42___inversely (相反地) with current market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond prices fall, and vice versa (反之亦然）. Thus, like all investments, bonds have a degree of risk.

The second question is “ How can I___43___the investment risk of a particular bond issue?”

Standard & Poor's and Moody’s Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And___44___, the higher the market risk of a bond, the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the 45 return is high enough.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2作答。

A) advantages B) assess C) bother D) conserved E) deduction

F) discount G) embarrass H) features I) fluctuate J) indefinite

K) insured L) major M) naturally N) potential O) simultaneously

The Street-Level Solution

A) When I was growing up, one of my father’s favorite sayings (borrowed from the humorist Will Rogers) was: “It isn't what we don't know that causes the trouble: it’s what we think we know that just ain’t so.” One of the main insights to be taken from the 100 000 Homes Campaign and its strategy to end chronic homelessness is that, until recently, our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.

B) That led to a series of mistaken assumptions about why people become homeless and what they need. Many of the errors in our homelessness policies have stemmed from the conception that the homeless are a homogeneous group. It's only in the past 15 years that organizations like Common Ground, and others, have taken a street-level view of the problem—distinguishing the “ episodically homeless” from the “chronically homeless” in order to understand their needs at an individual level. This is why we can now envisage a different approach and get better results.

C) Most readers expressed support for the effort, although a number were skeptical, and a few utterly dismissive, about the chances of long-term homeless people adapting well to housing. This is to be expected; it's hard to imagine what we haven’t yet seen. As Niccolo Machiavelli wrote in The Prince, one of the major obstacles in any effort to advance systemic change is the “incredulity of men,”which is to say that people “do not readily believe in new things until they have had a long experience of them.” Most of us have witnessed homeless people on the streets for decades. Few have seen formerly homeless people after they have been housed successfully. We don't have reference points for that story. So we generalize from what we know or think we know.

D) But that can be misleading, even to experts. When I asked Rosanne Haggerty, founder of Common Ground, which currently operates 2310 units of supportive housing (with 552 more under construction), what had been her biggest surprise in this work, she replied: “ Fifteen years ago, I would not have believed that people who had been so broken and stuck in homelessness could thrive to the degree that they do in our buildings. ” And Becky Kanis, the campaign’s director, commented: “There is this sense in our minds that someone who's on the streets is almost in their DNA different from someone who has a house. The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that that is really not the case. ”

E) One of the startling realizations that I had while researching this column is that anybody could become like a homeless person—all it takes is a traumatic （创伤的）brain injury. A bicycle fall, a car accident, a slip on the ice, or if you’re a soldier, a head wound—and your life could become unrecognizable. James O' Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he's met had such a brain injury. “For many it was a head injury prior to the time they became homeless.” he said. “They became unpredictable. They'd have mood swings, fits of explosive behavior. They couldn't hold onto their jobs. Drinking made them feel better. They'd end up on the streets. ”

F) Once homeless people return to housing, they're in a much better position to rebuild their lives. But it's important to note that housing alone is not enough. As with many complex social problems, when you get through the initial crisis, you have another problem to solve which is no less challenging. But it is a better problem.

G) Over the past decade. O’Connell has seen this happen. “I spend half my time on the streets or in the hospital and the other half making house calls to people who lived for years on the streets.” he said. "So from a doctor's point of view it's a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.”

H) Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset. “If you're homeless for more than six months, you kind of lose your bearings,” says Haggerty. "Existence becomes not about overcoming homelessness but about finding food, begging, looking for a job to survive another day. The whole process of how you define stability gets reordered.”

I) Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

J ) For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal（集体）residence, with special services. This isn’t available everywhere, however. In Boston, for example- homeless people tend to be scattered in apartments throughout the city.

K) Common Ground's large residences in New York offer insight into the possibilities for change when homeless people have a rich array of supports. In addition to more traditional social services, residents also make use of communal gardens, classes in things like cooking, yoga, theatre and photography, and job placement. Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground's residences, found jobs.

L) Because the properties have many services and are well-managed. Haggerty has found posthousing problems to be surprisingly rare. In the past 10 years, there have been only a handful of incidents of quarrels between tenants. There is very little graffiti（涂鸦）or vandalism（破坏）. And the turnover is almost negligible. In the Prince George Hotel in New York, which is home to 208 formerly homeless people and 208 low-income tenants, the average length of tenancy is close to seven years. (All residents pay 30 percent of their income for rent; for the formerly homeless, this comes out of their government benefits.) When people move on, it is usually because they’ve found a preferable apartment.

M) “Tenants also want to participate in shaping the public areas of the buildings,” said Haggerty. “They formed a gardening committee. They want a terrace on the roof. Those are things I didn't count on.” The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space-but that's true of every New Yorker,” she adds. “In many ways, we're a lot like a normal apartment building. Our tenants look like anyone else.”

N) As I mentioned, homelessness is a catch-all for a variety of problems. A number of readers asked whether the campaign will address family homelessness, which has different causes and requires a different solution. I've been following some of the promising ideas emerging to address and prevent family homelessness. Late in 2011, I'll explore these ideas in a column. For now, I'll conclude with an update on the 100000 Homes Campaign. Since Tuesday, New Orleans and a few other communities have reported new results. The current count of people housed is 7043.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。

46. Tenants in Common Ground’s residences all want more room for storage.

47. Homes Campaign provides first-hand proof that the homeless are not what they were once believed to be.

48. Common Ground's residences are well-managed and by and large peaceful.

49. Housing the homeless is only the first step to solving all their problems.

50. A large percent of the chronically homeless have suffered from brain injury.

51. After being housed many homeless people become confused at first as to how to deal with life off the street.

52. Some people think the best way to help the homeless is to provide them with communal housing.

53. The homeless with health problems should be given regular support in their daily lives.

54. Until recently American society has failed to sec what homelessness is all about.

55. Many formerly homeless tenants in New York's Common Ground's residences got hired.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

"Deep reading”—as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web —is an endangered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its disappearance would jeopardize the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online, as well as the preservation of a critical part of our culture： the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be appreciated only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to understand them.

Recent research in cognitive science and psychology has demonstrated that deep reading—slow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity —is a distinctive experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A book's lack of hyperlinks（超链接）, for example, frees the reader from making decisions—Should I click on this link or not? — allowing her to remain fully immersed in the narrative.

That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, indirect reference and figures of speech: by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature arc also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy（认同）.

None of this is likely to happen when we’re browsing through a website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do on the Web are very different, both in the experience they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, even for the “digital natives” to whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example, Britain's National Literacy Trust released the results of a study of 34 910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materials every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-average readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56. What does the author say about “deep reading”？

A) U serves as a complement to online reading.

B) It should be preserved before it is too late.

C) ft is mainly suitable for reading literature.

D) it is an indispensable part of education.

57. Why does the author advocate the reading of literature?

A) It helps promote readers’ intellectual and emotional growth.

B) It enables readers to appreciate the complexity of language.

C) It helps readers build up immersive reading habits.

D) It is quickly becoming an endangered practice.

58. In what way does printed-page reading differ from online reading?

A) It ensures the reader's cognitive growth.

B) It enables the reader to be fully engaged.

C) It activates a different region of the brain.

D) It helps the reader learn rhetorical devices.

59. What do the studies show about online reading?

A) It gradually impairs one's eyesight.

B) It keeps arousing readers' curiosity.

C) It provides up-to-date information.

D) It renders reading less enjoyable.

60. What do we learn from the study released by Britain’s National Literacy Trust?

A) Onscreen readers may be less competent readers.

B) Those who do reading in print are less informed.

C) Young people find reading onscreen more enjoyable.

D) It is now easier to find a favorite book online to read.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Many current discussions of immigration issues talk about immigrants in general, as if they were abstract people in an abstract world. But the concrete differences between immigrants from different countries affect whether their coming here is good or bad for the American people.

The very thought of formulating immigration laws from the standpoint of what is best for the American people seems to have been forgotten by many who focus on how to solve the problems of illegal immigration.

It is hard to look for “the ideal outcome” on immigration in the abstract. Economics professor Milton Friedman once said. “The best is the enemy of the good,”which to me meant that attempts to achieve an unattainable ideal can prevent us from reaching good outcomes that are possible in practice.

Too much of our current immigration controversy is conducted in terms of abstract ideals, such as “We are a nation of immigrants.” Of course we are a nation of immigrants. But we are also a nation of people who wear shoes. Does it follow that we should admit anybody who wears shoes?

The immigrants of today are very different from those who arrived here a hundred years ago.

Moreover, the society in which they arrive is different. To me, it is better to build a wall around the welfare state than the country.

But the welfare state is already here—and, far from having a wall built around it, the welfare state is expanding in all directions. We do not have a choice between the welfare state and open borders.

Anything we try to do as regards immigration laws has to be done in the context of a huge welfare state that is already a major, inescapable fact of life.

Among other facts of life utterly ignored by many advocates of de facto amnesty （事实上的大赦）is that the free international movement of people is different from free international trade in goods.

Buying cars or cameras from other countries is not the same as admitting people from those countries or any other countries. Unlike inanimate objects, people have cultures and not all cultures are compatible with the culture in this country that has produced such benefits for the American people for so long.

Not only the United States, but the Western work I in general, has been discovering the hard way that admitting people with incompatible cultures is an irreversible decision with incalculable consequences. If we do not see that after recent terrorist attacks on the streets of Boston and London, when will we see it?

“Comprehensive immigration reform” means doing everything all together in a rush, without time to look before we leap, and basing ourselves on abstract notions about abstract people.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61. What does the author say about immigrants in America?

A) They all hope to gain citizenship and enjoy the welfare.

B) They come to America with different dreams and purposes.

C) Their background may determine whether they benefit the American people.

D) Their cultures affect the extent to which they will achieve success in America.

62. What does the author try to say by citing Milton Friedman's remark?

A) It is hardly practical to find an ideal solution to America's immigration problem.

B) Ideal outcomes could be produced only by comprehensive immigration reform.

C) As tor immigration, good results cannot be achieved without good intentions.

D) The proper solution of immigration issues is an ideal of the American public.

63. What is the author's view regarding America's immigration policy?

A) America should open its borders to immigrants from different countries.

B) Immigrants have contributed greatly to the welfare of American people.

C) Unrestricted immigration will undermine the American welfare state.

D) There is no point building a wall around the American welfare state.

64 What is the author's purpose in citing the recent terrorist attacks on the streets of Boston and London?

A) To show that America should join hands with Europe in fighting terrorists.

B) To prove that it is high time America made comprehensive immigration reforms.

C) To prove that terrorism is the most dangerous threat to America and the world in general.

D) To show that immigrants1 cultural incompatibility with the host country has consequences.

65 What is the author's attitude towards "comprehensive immigration reform”?

A) Supportive. C) Wait-and-see.

B) Negative. D) Indifferent.

36.A advantages 37.K insured 38. C bother 39. L major 40. H features

41. F discount 42. I fluctuate 43. B assess 44. M naturally 45. N potential

翻译一：

北京计划未来三年投资7，600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手，这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500多万俩机动车的尾气(exhaust)排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水(sewage)处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林(forestation) 市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。

As old people always put it,"Never judge a book by its cover." However, in most cases, we judge aperson just by external appearances. For example, sometimes when we walk downthe street at night, we choose to avoid people who are acting tough and loud.In this way we tend to make wrong decisions, because judging someone byappearance can be deceptive.

In dairy life, we try to stay awayfrom people who are called the "bad guy" because they dress a certainway. But we may miss an opportunity to make a good friend, because judgmentsbased on external appearances prevent us from getting to really know a person.If we take the time to get to know the person, we might become friends.

Therefore, in my opinion, judgingpeople just by appearance is superficial and often unfair. After all, we don'tknow what circumstances the person might be facing or who the person really is.Please embrace everyone you meet and not judge him just by appearances.

46-50 M D L G E 51-55 H J I A K

56-60 BABDA 61-65 CACDB

Beijing is going to invest 760billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with cuttingdown the emission of PM 2.5 . This newly announced project aims to reduce fourmajor sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motorvehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north andlocal construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgradethe facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city. In addition, 30billion to support afforestation programs in next three years.

The municipal government alsoplans to construct some plants to use cycle water, banning illegalconstructions to modify the environment. Furthermore, Beijing will punish thosewho violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.

大学英语六级词汇

大学英语参考词汇表 ★abort ★absurd ★abundance ★academician ★accession ★accessory ★accommodate ★accountability ★accountable ★accountancy ★accounting ★accusation ★accustom ★activate ★actuality ★addict ★addicted ★addictive ★adhere ★adherence ★adjacent ★adjoin ★administer ★administrate ★admittance ★admittedly ★adolescence ★adolescent ★adore ★advancement ★advantageous ★adventurer ★adventurous ★adverse ★aerial ★aerospace ★aesthetic ★aesthetics ★affiliate ★affirm ★affix ★afflict ★affordable ★aggravate ★aggregate ★airborne ★aisle ★ale ★alien ★alienate ★allege ★allegedly ★alleviate ★allocate ★allotment ★alloy ★aloft ★alternate ★ambiguity ★ambiguous ★amend ★ammunition ★ample ★amplify ★analogy ★analytical ★anew ★angel ★animate ★animated ★annoyance ★anonymous ★antibiotic ★appalling ★apparatus ★appease ★appendix ★appraisal ★appraise ★appropriation ★apt ★arc

2014年6月至2015年6月英语六级完形填空真题及答案【9套卷全】

For investors who desire low riskand guaranteed income,U.S. Government bonds are a secure investment becausethese bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federalgovernment.Municipal bonds,also secure,are offered by local governmengts andoften have____36______such as tax-free interest.Some may even be____37______.Corportate bonds are a bit more risky. Two questionsoften_____38_____first-time corportate bond investors.The first is”If I purchase a corportate bond,do I have t o hold it until thematueity date?”The answer is no.Bonds are bought and sold daily on____39_____securities exchanges.However,if your bond does not have____40_____that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bondat a____41____i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by otherinvestors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above itsface value. Bond prices gcncrally____42____ inversely (相反地)with current market interest rates. Asinterest rates go up, bond pnccs tall, and vice versa (反之亦然).Thus, like all investments，bonds have adegree of risk. The second question is “How can I ___43_______ the investment risk of a particular bondissue?” Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors S ervice rate the level of risk of many corporateand government bonds. And ____44______, the higher the market risk of a bond，the higher the interest rate. Investors willinvest in a bond considered risky only if the _____45_____return is highenough. A)advantages I)fluctuate B)assess J)indefinite C)bother K)insured D)conserved L)major E)deduction M)naturally F)discount N)potential G)embarrass 0)simultaneously H)features 36.A advantages 37.K insured 38. C bother 39. L major 40. H features 41. F discount 42. I fluctuate 43. B assess 44. M naturally 45. N potential 2014.6【2】 Fear can be an effective way to change behavior. One study compared the effects of high-tear and low-fear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene （卫生）. One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of ___36___teeth and diseased gums; another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth, charts, and graphs. Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater___37___to change the way they took care of their teeth than the low-fear group did. But were these reactions actually___38___into better dental hygiene practices? To answer this important question, subjects were called back to the laboratory on two___39___ (five days and six weeks alter the experiment). They chewed disclosing wafers（牙疾诊断片）that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct___40___of how well they were really taking care of their teeth. The result showed that the high-fear appeal did actually result in greater and more___41___changes in dental hygiene. That is, the subjects___42___to high-fear warnings brushed their teeth more___43____than did those who saw low-fear warnings. However, to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given___44___guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear. If this isn’t done, they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the___45___of the communicator. If that happens, it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur. A) accustomed B) carefully C) cautiously D) concrete E) credibility F) decayed G) desire H) dimensions I) eligible J) exposed K) indication L) occasions M) permanent N) sensitivity O) translated 36.F 37.G 38.O 39.L 40.K 41.D 42.J 43.B 44.I 45.E

2014年大学英语六级核心词汇表

一.名词 hospitality n.友好好客 pastime n. 消遣，娱乐 revenue n. 税收，岁入 routine 常规，惯例，例行公事 scorn n. 轻蔑，鄙视 shortage n. 短缺，不足 smash n. 打碎，粉碎 stability n.稳定(性)，稳固 stack n. 堆，一堆 standard n. 标准 surface n. 表面 temperament n. 气质，性格 threshold n. 开端，入口 tolerance n. 容忍，忍耐力 transaction 处理，办理，交易 trend n. 倾向，趋势 transition n. 过渡，转变 variation n. 变化，变动 warehouse n. 货仓 way n. 方式 access n. 入口，通路，接触 accommodation n. 住宿，膳宿 acknowledgement承认感谢致谢 pattern n. 模式 penalty n. 制裁，惩罚 pension n. 养老金 personality n. 人格，人性 pledge n. 保证，誓言 position n. 位置，职位，职务 predecessor 前任，原有的事物 premise n. 前提，假设 prescription n. 处方 preservation n. 保护，防护prestige n. 威信，威望 priority n. 优先(权) prestige n. 威信，威望 prospect n. 前景，可能性 rate n. 速度 ration n. 比率 reflection n. 反映，表现 recession n. (经济)衰退不景气；撤退，退出 reputation n. 名声，声望 reservation n. 贮存，贮藏,预订 illusion n. 错觉，假象 ingredient n. 成分 insight n. 理解，洞察力 inspection n. 检查，视察 instinct n. 本能，直觉 integrity n. 正直，诚实 intuition n. 直觉 lease n. 租约，契约 legislation n. 立法，法律 limitation n. 局限性缺点 loyalty n. 忠诚，忠心 luxury n. 奢侈，豪华 manifestation n. 表现(形式) mechanism n. 机械装置 minority n. 少数 misfortune n. 不幸，灾难 morality n. 道德，美德 notion n. 概念，观念，理解 obligation (法律上或道义上)责任 occasion n. 场合 opponent n. 敌人，对手 ornament n. 装饰，装饰品 admiration n. 欣赏 advocate n. 提倡者，拥护者 allowance n. 津贴 ambition n. 野心，雄心 analogy n. 相似，模拟，类比 anticipation n. 预期，期望 appreciation n. 感谢，感激 array n. 陈列，一系列 assurance n. 保证 blame n. 责任 blunder n. 错误，大错 budget n. 预算 capability n. 能力，才能 cash n. 现金 circulation n. (书报等的)发行量 commitment n. 承诺，许诺 compensation n. 补偿，赔偿 consideration n. 考虑

2014年6月大学英语六级真题及答案最全.doc

Part I Writing ( 30minutes) 1、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 2、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise a person by their appearance. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（小编写的就是这篇，还行~~） 3、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200words. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income, US government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government. Municipal bonds, also secure, are offered by local governments and often have___ 36___such as tax-free interest. Some may even be___37___. Corporate bonds are a bit more risky. Two questions often___38___first-time corporate bond investors. The first is “If I purchase a corporate bond, do I have to hold it until the maturity date?” The answer is no. Bonds are bought and sold daily on___39___securities exchanges. However, if you decide to sell your bond before its maturity date, you’re not guaranteed to get the face value of the bond. For example, if your bond does not have___40___ that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at a___ 41___, i.e., a price less than the bond's face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i. e ., a price above its face value. Bond prices generally___42___inversely (相反地) with current market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond prices fall, and vice versa (反之亦然）. Thus, like all investments, bonds have a degree of risk. The second question is “ How can I___43___the investment risk of a particular bond issue?” Standard & Poor's and Moody’s Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And___44___, the higher the market risk of a bond, the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the 45 return is high enough. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2作答。

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abundanta.丰富的，充裕的，大量的derivevt.取得，得到；(from)起源于acquirevt.取得，获得；学到descendv.下来，下降 accomplishvt.完成，到达；实行devicen.装置，设备 adoptv.收养；采用；采纳devisevt.发明，策划，想出 adaptvi.适应，适合；改编，改写vt.使适应divevi.跳水，潜水adequatea.适当地；足够disposevi.除掉；处置；解决；处理(of) adherevi.粘附，附着；遵守，坚持diversea.不同的，多种多样的attachvt.系，贴；使附属declinev.拒绝，谢绝；下降 avenuen.林荫道，大街driftvi.漂，漂流 availablea.现成可用的；可得到的durablea.耐用的，持久的applicablea.可应用的，适当的durationn.持续，持续期间 applicantn.申请人duskn.黄昏，薄暮 appealn.vi.呼吁，恳求deliberatelyadv.故意的 acknowledgev.承认；致谢destructiveadj.破坏性的 apparenta.显然的，明白的consumev.消耗，耗尽 appetiten.胃口；欲望cluen.线索，提示 awfula.极坏的，威严的，可怕的collisionn.碰撞，冲突 awkwarda.笨拙的，棘手的consistenta.坚固定；一致的，始终如一的awaitvt.等候continuala.不断地，频繁的 appointvt.任命，委派explodev.爆炸；爆发；激增 approachv.接近n.途径，方式exploitv.剥削；利用，开采 appropriatea.适当的explosionn.爆炸；爆发；激增 beforehandad.预先，事先explosivea.爆炸的；极易引起争论的 breadthn.宽度extentn.程度，范围，大小，限度 blastn.爆炸；气流vi.炸，炸掉exteriorn.外部，外表a.外部的，外表的breedn.种，品种v.繁殖，产仔externala.外部的，外表的，外面的barreln.桶exaggeratev.夸大，夸张 bargainn.便宜货vi.讨价还价evila.邪恶的，坏的 barriern.障碍；棚栏extraordinarya.不平常的，特别的，非凡的budgetn.预算v.编预算，作安排entitlevt.给...权利，给...资格bunchn.群，伙；束，串emphasizevt.强调，着重 bundlen.捆，包，束vt.收集，归拢emotionn.情感，感情 ceremonyn.典礼，仪式emotionala.感情的，情绪(上)的 chaosn.混乱，紊乱excessn.过分，过量，过剩 cargon.(船、飞机等装载的)货物expelv.驱逐，开除，赶出 coarsea.粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的expendv.消费 coachn.教练；长途公共汽车expendituren.支出，消费；经费 coden.准则，法规，密码expensen.开销，费用 conservationn.保存，保护expansionn.扩大，扩充；发展，膨胀conservativea.保守的exhaustionn.竭力，疲惫 comparablea.可比较的，比得上的，类似的elaboratea.精心设计的，复杂的comparativea.比较的，相对的elasticn.橡皮圈(带)a.有弹性的 depositn.存款，定金v.存放，储蓄equivalenta.相等的a.相等物deputyn.副职，代表erecta.竖直的v.建造，竖立

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Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Texting has long been bemoaned (哀叹）as the downfall of the written word,””penmanship for illiter,”as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isn′t writing at all. It′s a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complex by the year. First,some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago. whereas Ianguage probably traces back at least 80.000 years. Thus talking came first; writing is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk，with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow, Over time,writers took advantage of this and started cratting long-winded sentences such as this one:The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Per trsians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal le aders and……” No one talks like that casually — or should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didn’t much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging do —and a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgaritv. texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions. Take LOL. It doe sn’t actually mean “laughing out loud” in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Jocelyn texts “Where have you been?” and Annabelle texts back ，LOL at the li brary studying for two hours.” LOL signals basic empath)’（同 感)between tcxters. easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it docs something - conveying an attitude — just like the -cd ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning.，anything. LOL. of all things, is grammar. Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of