阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导-教师版精品资料

阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导

一、推理判断题常见提问方式

1. The writer / author / passage implies / suggests (暗示) that ________.

2. It can be inferred (推断）from the story that ________.

3. We can learn from the passage that ________.

4. The passage is intended to ________.

5. The first paragraph of this passage is to ________.

6. From the passage, we can learn / conclude that ________.

7. The passage may be a / an ________.

8. How does the author seem to feel about this issue?

9. Which of the following might happen later?

10. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?

二、选项特点分析

推理判断题目选项的设置有一定的特点和规律，了解这些，可以帮助提高答题的正确率。

1．正确选项的特点：

（1）正确选项一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；

（2）正确选项的表述一般不会太绝对，而是会用一些相对宽泛的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；

（3）正确选项有时候与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。

2．干扰选项的特点：

（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；

（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符；

（3）根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点；

（4）虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为依据，但推理过头、概括过度；

（5）部分选项的内容纯属编造。

三、推理判断题的解题方法

解决此类题要注意：一是与原文相同的细节不能选；二是不能跳出文章做推断。

1. 抓住特定关键信息进行推理。

做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

【例1】

The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates (计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.

The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 means “_______”.

A. Receivers

B. GPS devices

C. Satellites

D. Ground stations

【解析】根据这段文字，我们可以推断出They指的是ground stations（地面卫星接收站），故选D。【例2】

Cost

Adult: $7.40 Children (under 15 y ears): half …

John and his 10-year-old son want to watch Secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay?

A . $7.40. B. $11.10. C. $14.80. D. $23.20.

【解析】根据上面的信息可知，15岁以下的孩子是半价。所以，一个成人和一个10岁的孩子应该花$7.40+$3.70=$11.10，故选B。

【例3】

A downside of plastic cash is that it costs more money to produce. Cash and money-counting machines will also have to be adapted to accept the new money.

What can you infer from Paragraph 6?

A. Plastic notes should be printed in cash machines.

B. There are some disadvantages of using plastic notes.

C. Every country will have to accept the new money.

D. Plastic notes should be produced by the cashiers.

【解析】第6段有两句话，主要讲了塑料钞票的缺点，四个选项中，B项正确。

2. 利用作者的思想感情、文字色彩进行推断。

有些题目要求考生根据文段的相关信息对文中人物的性格、心理状况、心智或品质做出判断，这时一定要扣紧文段的主题或话题，不要受一些细节事实的干扰。文章中的措辞会体现作者或者其他人物的思想倾向和感情色彩，这往往隐含在字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文章用词。

【例1】

Many people welcome the city’s growth. But an increasing number of Dubai natives worry about the speed of change. As a Dubai native says, “We must always remember where we came from. Our kids must know we worked very, very hard to get where we are now, and there’s a lot more work to do.”

In the last paragraph, what does the underlined part mean?

A. We should always visit Dubai.

B. We should learn from foreigners.

C. We must always remember our past.

D. We must only think about the future.

【解析】根据划线部分中的用词：must always, very, very hard…等可以断定，说话人非常重视迪拜的历史，强调不要忘本，尤其现在的孩子要知道他们父母奋斗的历史，故选C。我们也可以从四个选项上排除个别选项。选项A、D，太过绝对，根据常识，我们可以排除这两项。那么，我们就可以从B、C 两项中选。这时再读划线句子，很好排除选项B。

【例2】

Sylvan Goldman, an American supermarket owner, invented the shopping trolley (购物车) in the 1930s.

The word “________” can best describe Goldman.

A. funny

B. honest

C. creative

D. friendly

【解析】根据文中信息中的invented这个词，我们就可以推断出，Goldman是个有创新精神的人，故选C。

3. 运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断

有些文章具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。

【例3】

Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many thing happen because something caused or influenced them to happen.

Which of the following is cause and effect?

A. Tony got up and had a glass of water.

B. We came home and found him sleeping.

C. The ball was lost and a window was broken.

D. Tim was late again and his teacher got angry.

【解析】我们根据常识即可知因果关系（cause and effect），故本题答案选D。

【例4】

Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.

What can we learn about the author?

A. She rarely misses a good deal.

B. She seldom makes a compromise.

C. She is very strict with her children.

D. She is interested in cheap products.

解析：根据文中第三段可知，作为一名一流的讨价还价高手，作者知道每一美元的价值，由此推断，她几乎不会错过任何一笔能获利的交易，故选A。

【例5】

The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.

59. The text probably comes from _____.

A. a guide book

B. a popular magazine

C. a book review

D. an official document

解析：本文介绍了对美国年长者健康生活习惯的调查结果及专家建议。这是一份调查报告，出现的地方最可能是杂志，故选B项。

推理判断题专项训练

Passage 1

According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. To test this, I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was thick. “Well, if I don’t get good grades, I won’t be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff.”

I was quite surprised, because I don’t consider myself a pushy parent. But James suggests it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. He points to the Danish system (体制) of education as a better model. Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business.

1. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Social skills are as important as high grades.

B. Interest in grades can shake self-confidence.

C. The writer regrets not having studied hard at school.

D. The Danish educational system creates very smart students.

Passage 2

… We were so excited that we all forgot ice-cream was not allowed on the ride.

Gloria broke into tears and we all had no idea what to do. Then Murphy, one of the workers, came over. She bent down and told Gloria that she would hold the ice-cream for her and give it to her when she finished the ride. Gloria said, “Promise?” Then she gave Murphy her ice-cream, and she completely enjoyed the ride.

Sure enough, as we walked out the exit, there was Gloria’s new friend with “her” ice-cream. Now you and I both know what happened, because we know that an ice-cream won’t last twenty minutes on a summer afternoon in Florida. Murphy knew what time we would get off the ride; she went to the nearest shop and bought a brand-new ice-cream thirty seconds before we walked out the exit. Gloria said: “Thank you.” But I’m

sure she thought it was the same ice-cream.

2. In order to keep her promise, Murphy ________.

A. took Gloria to the nearest shop

B. asked her new friend to help Gloria

C. helped Gloria get off the ride

D. bought a new ice-cream for Gloria

Passage 3

Kindergarten (幼儿园) is a difficult time for some kids. It’s the first time for them to be away from their parents. To make kids love their school, Japanese kindergartens and schools have colorful buses. The buses can easily make children want to take them – and then, go to school. Even some parents want to take them, too!

3. Children in Japan may easily ________ by taking the school bus.

A. save time

B. enjoy their school

C. play games

D. do their homework

Passage 4

Have you ever heard someone use the phrase “once in a blue moon”? People use this expression to describe something that they do not do very often. For example, someone might say that he tries to avoid eating sweets because they are unhealthy, but will eat chocolate “once in a blue moon”. Or someone who does not usually like to go to the beach might say: “I visit the shore once in a blue moon.” While many people use this phrase, not everyone knows the meaning behind it.

4. Which of the following would be a good example of using the phrase “once in a blue moon”?

A. Simon often tells jokes. Simon tells jokes once in a blue moon.

B. Tom rarely remembers to do exercise. Tom does exercise once in a blue moon.

C. Mary likes to go shopping every weekend. Mary goes shopping once in a blue moon.

D. Cindy hates to stay up late, but she stays up late every day. Cindy stays up late once

in a blue moon.

Passage 5

The two main factors (因素) that influence people’s choice of location are climate and resources. Climate is the usual weather conditions in a region. Areas that have bad weather are generally less ideal as places to live in. The north and south poles at the top and bottom of the Earth may be beautiful in their rugged, natural way, but the disadvantage of the bitterly cold and windy conditions usually keeps people way. Speaking of climate, warm conditions and a normal amount of rainfall are advantages that attract people.

Natural resources are things that we get from nature that help us survive. Each region offers different resources, and therefore attracts different groups of people. People who enjoy the beach can make their living by catching and selling the ocean’s many fish and other sea creatures. Those who prefer farming can take advantage of rich soil in valleys near rivers. Some people are willing to accept the disadvantages of the terrible conditions of deserts or mountains in order to take advantage of the resources like oil or woods.

5. Why do people go and live in valleys near rivers?

A. The temperature isn’t too low in winter.

B. The resources like oil can bring them much money.

C. People can make their living by catching and selling fish.

D. It’s easier for people to grow plants and keep animals.

6. The purpose of the example in the last paragraph is to tell us ________.

A. people cannot survive in cold conditions

B. different resources attract different groups of people

C. people usually prefer living at the seaside to living on the mountains

D. a normal amount of rainfall is necessary for people to live in the desert

Passage 6

Research has shown that it is difficult to concentrate on driving and talking at the same time. It can even

be more dangerous than driving after drinking too much. A recent study found that when drivers were talking on their mobile phones, their stopping times were 30 percent slower than when they had drunk too much – and nearly 50 percent slower than when they were driving normally. It also found that drivers talking on mobile phones were less able to control their cars than drunk drivers.

And talking isn’t even the most serious problem, texting is. Unbelievably, another recent study reported that 22% of adults admitted they had sent a text message while driving at least once in the past month. An average text message takes 90 seconds to write and send. That means for one and a half minutes a driver is looking at their phone’s screen and not at the road. The arrival of new smartphones such as the iPhone will only make matters worse as they will allow users to do more things than ever before.

7. According to the passage, if a driver needs 10 seconds to stop when driving normally, they will need ______ seconds to stop when talking on a mobile phone.

A. 12

B. 13

C. 14

D. 15

8. According to the passage, in what order do the following activities influence driving? Dangerous→More dangerous→Most dangerous

A. drinking → talking on phone → texting

B. texting → talking on phone → drinking

C. talking on phone → texting → drinking

D. drinking → texting → talking on phone

Passage 7

Born in the USA in 1940, Lee returned to his native Hong Kong before his first birthday. As a teenager, the highly intelligent boy was accepted into one of?Hong Kong’s most famous middle schools but he paid little attention to his studies. He was more interested in sport, especially kung fu, and hanging out with his street-gang friends. In 1959, Lee got into trouble with the police for fighting. His mother, fearing he would end up in prison, sent him to the US. Two years later, he began studying at university there.

While still a student, Lee opened his own kung fu school, teaching a new fighting style he had developed. What made Lee’s style different was that it used power, strength and speed. It also combined (融合) Japanese, Korean and South American fighting styles with traditional slow-moving Chinese kung fu.

9. Why was Lee sent to America?

A. His parents wanted him to study at university there.

B. He wanted to develop a new American fighting style.

C. His family feared he was getting into too much trouble in Hong Kong.

D. He was determined to become a successful and popular actor there.

10. How was Lee’s style of kung fu different from the traditional Chinese style?

A. It was much faster.

B. It was easier to learn.

C. It made people more powerful.

D. It was much more dangerous.

参考答案：1-5 BDBBD 6-10 BDACA

推理判断题篇章训练

The fourth round of heavy smog that hit Beijing in four weeks has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory(呼吸的) illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution.

Pan Shiyi，a real estate developer，said he is planning to propose(提出) a Clean Air Act to the local government. As a representative of the Beijing Municipal People’s Congress，he started an online survey at 9：20 am. Within three hours，more than 25,000 web users，or 99 percent of total respondents，welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo，China’s Twitter.

高中英语阅读之推理判断题的解题技巧资料

高考阅读理解专题：推理判断题的解题技巧 推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。 近年的高考题中常出现以下五种推理判断题: 1. 这类题干中通常含有learn( ), infer( ), suggest( ), imply( ), conclude （）, indicate( )等标志性词语, 常见的提问方式有： 1)．We can know from the passage that ________． 2). We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________． 3)．The passage/author implies/suggests that ______． 4)．It can be concluded from the passage that ________． 5)．The underlined sentence indicates that ________ 2. 解题技巧 ①针对细节推断: 在原文中找到相关的信息源--- 对具体内容分析-- 推理判断得出结论 实例1：Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called “the deathwatch beetle." 1. It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle ________. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people. ②针对主题思想:以主题为核心----- 分析逻辑关系----- 得出结论 实例2：In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms. 1. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. More time should be spent on computers. B. Children should be forbidden to watch TV. C. TV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms. D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done. 1. 题干中通常含有attitude, view ,opinion,, in the author’s opinion/mind等标志性词语。提问方式: 1)．The author seems to be in favor of/against ______． 2)．The author may probably agree with/support ________． 3)．What's the author's opinion about...? 4)．In the author's opinion...?

高考英语阅读理解推理判断题

专题07 阅读理解推理判断题 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that . 2.We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4.The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6.The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8.The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： 1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替

阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导-教师版精品资料

阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导 一、推理判断题常见提问方式 1. The writer / author / passage implies / suggests (暗示) that ________. 2. It can be inferred (推断）from the story that ________. 3. We can learn from the passage that ________. 4. The passage is intended to ________. 5. The first paragraph of this passage is to ________. 6. From the passage, we can learn / conclude that ________. 7. The passage may be a / an ________. 8. How does the author seem to feel about this issue? 9. Which of the following might happen later? 10. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage? 二、选项特点分析 推理判断题目选项的设置有一定的特点和规律，了解这些，可以帮助提高答题的正确率。 1．正确选项的特点： （1）正确选项一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性； （2）正确选项的表述一般不会太绝对，而是会用一些相对宽泛的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等； （3）正确选项有时候与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。 2．干扰选项的特点： （1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论； （2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符； （3）根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点； （4）虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为依据，但推理过头、概括过度； （5）部分选项的内容纯属编造。 三、推理判断题的解题方法 解决此类题要注意：一是与原文相同的细节不能选；二是不能跳出文章做推断。 1. 抓住特定关键信息进行推理。 做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 【例1】 The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates (计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well. The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 means “_______”. A. Receivers B. GPS devices C. Satellites D. Ground stations 【解析】根据这段文字，我们可以推断出They指的是ground stations（地面卫星接收站），故选D。【例2】 Cost Adult: $7.40 Children (under 15 y ears): half … John and his 10-year-old son want to watch Secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay? A . $7.40. B. $11.10. C. $14.80. D. $23.20. 【解析】根据上面的信息可知，15岁以下的孩子是半价。所以，一个成人和一个10岁的孩子应该花$7.40+$3.70=$11.10，故选B。 【例3】

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