高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词解析

动名词

《语法讲解》

一、动名词的句法功能

动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语

1）直接位于句首做主语。

Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。

Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。

〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数

2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收

It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。

式）。

3）动名词的复合结构作主语

当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。

Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。

（二）、作宾语

（1）作动词的宾语

*某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如：

Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？

She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。

Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）.

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？

*形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语

*能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,

insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？

Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English?

（三）、作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.)

What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) （四）、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：

a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking

a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing

二、动名词的复合结构

带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如：

Her coming to help encouraged all of us.

(=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)

Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。

(=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)

在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？

The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。

His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。例：I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you’re calling

（Key：C；换成your calling也对）

在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：

a.无命名词

The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.

b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义

Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？

c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列

Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 三、动名词的时态和语态

1、动名词一般式：表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生的动作。

I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。

Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。

2、动名词的完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。

Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。

（二）语态

动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。

（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其后发生。如：

I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。

He came in without being asked. 没有谁请他进来他自己进来了。

（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：

I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.

（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：

Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。

I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。

四、动名词的否定式：not + V.ing

I regret not being able to help you. 我很抱歉不能帮助你。

I apologize for not having waited for you. 没有等你，我向你表示歉意。

《语法练习》

Ⅰ、单项选择：

1.No one enjoys _______ at.

A. laughing

B. to laugh

C. being laughed

D. to be laughed

2.You must do something to prevent your house _______.

A. to be broken in

B. from being broken in

C. to break in

D. from breaking in

3.They insisted on _______ another chance to try.

A. given

B. giving

C. being given

D. to be given

4. --- Where is my passport? I remember _______ it here.

--- You shouldn't have left it here. Remember _______ it with you all the time.

A. to put；to take

B. putting；taking

C. putting；to take

D. to put；taking

5.His room needs _______, so he must have it _______.

A. painting；painted

B. painted；painting

C. painting；painting

D. painted；painted

6.After finishing his homework he went on _______ a letter to his parents.

A. write

B. writing

C. wrote

D. to write

7.The young trees we planted last week require _______ with great care.

A. looking after

B. to look after

C. to be looked after

D. taken good care of

8.Only _______ English doesn't mean _______ the language.

A. to learn；to learn

B. learning；learning

C. learning about；learn

D. learning about；learning

9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _______.

A. missed

B. to be missing

C. missing

D. to be missed

10.She decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age.

A. to study

B. studying

C. to studying

D. study

11.Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it.

A. putting back

B. put back

C. to put back

D. be put back

12.As she is looking forward to _______ from me, please remember _______ this letter on your way to school.

A. hear；post

B. hearing；to post

C. be heard；posting

D. be hearing；to posting

13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting.

A. to read

B. to see

C. reading C. in seeing

14.Writing stories and articles _______ what I enjoy most.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

15.We appreciate _______ us to the ball.

A. them to invite

B. to invite

C. their inviting

D. being invited

16.Would you mind _______ quiet for a moment? I'm trying _______ a form.

A. keeping；filling out

B. to keep；to fill out

C. keeping；to fill out

D. to keep；filling out

17.He was afraid _______ for being late.

A. of seeing

B. of being seen

C. to be seen

D. to have seen

18.I'd like to suggest _______ the meeting till next week.

A. to put off

B. putting off

C. put off

D. to be put off

19.I don't see how I could possibly manage _______ the work without _______.

A. finish；helping

B. to finish；being helped

C. finishing；helping

D. finishing；being helped

20. Anything worth _______ is worthy of _______ well.

A. doing；being done

B. doing；doing

C. to be done；to be done

D. to be done；being done

21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _______ the work.

A. finish

B. to finish

C. in finishing

D. on finishing

22. I delayed _______ your letter because I had been away for a week.

A. answe 1ab1 r

B. answering

C. writing

D. to post

23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _______ by the police.

A. to be caught

B. be caught

C. being caught

D. catching

24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I _______ it at home. Then I remembered _______ it out to pay for the taxi.

A. must have left；to take

B. may leave；taking

C. might leave；to take

D. could have left；taking

25. _______ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.

A. After hearing

B. On hearing

C. While hearing

D. Having heard

26. _______ his mother, the baby could not help _______.

A. To see；to laugh

B. Seeing；to laugh

C. Seeing；laughing

D. To see；laughing

27.It's no use _______ so much money on clothes.

A. spend

B. spent

C. spending

D. being spent

28.The sentence needs _______.

A. improve

B. a improvement

C. improving

D. improved

29.If he succeeded _______ a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.

A. to find

B. to look for

C. in finding

D. in looking for

30.I still remember _______ to my home town when I was young.

A. taking

B. taken

C. being taken

D. to take

Ⅱ、填入动名词的适当形式：

1.Can you imagine yourself _______ in a lonely island? (stay)

2.I can't understand your _______ at that poor child. (laugh)

3.She didn't mind _______ overtime. (work)

4.To make a living, he tried _______, _______, and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)

5.We are looking forward to Mary's _______. (come)

6.She was praised for _______ the life of the child. (save)

7.She ought to be praised instead of _______. (criticize).

8.Is there any possibility of our _______ the championship? (win)

9.He came to the party without _______. (invite)

Ⅲ、将下列句子译成英语：

1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳.

______________________________________________________________________ 2.今天去没有用, 他不会在家.

______________________________________________________________________ 3.你写完作文了吗?

______________________________________________________________________ 4.请原谅我来晚了.

______________________________________________________________________ 5.他不声不响地走了进来.

______________________________________________________________________ 6.他走进来了, 没有被看见.

______________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ、完形填空

When we talk about a bad man, we like to call him a “wolf”. But is it really true that the wolf stands for devil and ugliness？

Have you read the book “The Wolf Totem” by a famous writer Jiang Rong, which tells the story of the relationship between wolves and human beings? Have you ever 1 the wolves' world? If you had, you would 2 the wolves.

In the book, wolves are heroes on the large grassland. They know more about 3 than humans. They can attack lambs without disturbing their mothers. They also know how to 4 full use of the shape of land to 5 sheep. I believe that if wolves were humans, they would be 6 experts good at fighting.

The wolf is a kind of special creature that can deeply understand 7 . Each wolf serves its group with its heart and soul. A 8 wolf has little power, but a pack of wolves 9 nothing. All the wolves obey the rules. 10 they are defeated, they run away together. It is their teamwork 11 makes wolves powerful.

The wolves also have great self-respect and won't 12to anyone. The writer, who wrote the book “The Wolf Totem”,13 stole a one-month-old baby wolf and raised it very carefully. To his 14 , he found the little wolf still wanted to go back with 15 wolves. He bit through the iron chain that limited him. The wolf was 16 and he never gave in, fighting 17 his death. The little wolf died as a glorious fighter.

I was shocked by this kind of 18 : wolves are one of the most respected creatures on earth. I want everyone to look at wolves in a 19way. They are our teachers. They show us how to survive and 20 in this not simple and dangerous world. Please honor the wolves, please honor all these heroes of nature!

1. A. talked about B. walked into C. thought about D. cared for

2. A. hunt B. admire C. draw D. watch

3. A. space B. spot C. food D. survival

4. A. make B. take C. have D. get

5. A. fight B. avoid C. trap D. discover

6. A. special B. imaginative C. outstanding D. creative

7. A. operation B. teamwork C. lifestyle D. control

8. A. single B. brave C. lonely D. fair

9. A. fight B. struggle C. fear D. fail

10. A. As for B. As though C. Even so D. Even if

11. A. what B. he C. that D. one

12. A. turn in B. give in C. take in D. break in

13. A. once B. just C. soon D. only

14. A. satisfaction B. disappointment C. pleasure D. sorrow

15. A. rest B. others C. another D. the other

16. A. proud B. satisfied C. willing D. eager

17. A. until B. although C. before D. unless

18. A. selflessness B. self-confidence C. self-respect D. self-protection

19. A. curious B. different C. strange D. humorous

20. A. walk B. hand C. get D. Succeed

Ⅳ:阅读理解

A 篇

IS IT TIME TO GET MP3?

Your computer has been playing music for years, one CD at a time. Now hundreds of songs can be stored in your PC (personal computer) if they’re in the MP3 format.

What is it?

MP3 compresses music into small computer friendly files. You access MP3 music several ways : Music can be downloaded from websites that have converted vast music libraries into MP3. Or you can prerecord CDs into your PC and convert songs in minutes into MP3. Once MP3 music is on your PC’s hard drive, you can play it through your computer’s speakers, “burn” it onto blank CDs or exchange MP3 files with friends using E-mail.

How much?

Software needed to play and convert MP3 music is often free. It comes preinstalled on most new computers or can be downloaded from many websites, including MP3. com. Some MP3 sites are free. Just type “MP3 sites” into any search engine. The popular MP3 players start at around $50and can hold hundreds of songs. A blank CD on which you can record music costs about a dollar.

Advantages

MP3 turns your home PC into a tape recorder. Tiny MP3 players are the size of a card, making it easy to take hundreds of songs with you.

Disadvantages

You may find that music at many sites is limited. And some only allow you to listen rather than download offerings. Others let you download music that then can’t be copied to MP3 players. And a growing number of new CDs make it impossible to copy songs to a computer.

1. How can you get MP3 music?

A. By turning your home PC into a tape recorder

B. By taking your own music or songs with you

C. By copying songs to a PC through the speakers.

D. By downloading from websites which have converted music libraries into MP3.

2. Which is NOT true to the passage?

A. Software needed to play and convert MP3 music is often free of charge.

B. MP3 music can be with friends by e-mail.

C. MP3 music can be downloaded for free at any site.

D. A greater number of new CDs make it possible to copy songs to a computer.

3.The underlined word “burn” probably means_____.

A. fire

B. change

C. download

D. play

4. How much will you pay for a MP3 player?

A. Free of charge.

B. Free downloading.

C. At least fifty dollars.

D. About a dollar.

B篇

Tokyo: The world’s oldest man, retired Japanese silkworm breeder Yukichi Chuganji, died in his home at the age of 114, on Monday. Family members found him dead on his mattress. Born on March 23, 1889, Chuganji worked as a silkworm breeder and bank employee after leaving school. He also served as a community welfare(福利) officer. He had been in god health, talking daily with his family members.

Washington: Ev ery American dislikes people who talk on cell phones while driving, even those who do that kind of act. In the State of New Jersey, 84 percent of 968 cell phone owners said in recent telephone survey that they would support a state ban(禁令) on the use of cell phones while driving. However, 42 percent of cell phone owners also said they used the devices “very often” or “sometimes” while driving. Although most agree that the banning is good, only 38 percent believed such a ban would be easy to enforce(实施).

New York: A woman in the US who was being attacked by a dog said she was saved from further harm when her 13-year-old daughter distracted the dog by screaming “You want a piece of me?” and kicked it repeatedly in the head. Jan e Howell said she and her daughter, Elizabeth, were taking a walk around the neighborhood on Saturday evening when they came across he big dog, unchained.

6. The main idea of the second news is _____.

A. most Americans don’t like cell phone

B. a ban on the use of cell phones has been made

C. few people use cell phones while driving

D. using cell phones while driving will be banned because most Americans don’t like it

7. The woman in the US____.

A. was not harmed by the dog

B. raised the dog, which attacked her later

C. was protected from being seriously hurt by her daughter

D. had escaped when her daughter was kicking the dog

8. From the news we can infer ____.

A. Chuganji was living alone when he died

B. the woman’s 13-year-old daughter was very brave

C. cell phones are not god devices

D. it’s easy to enforce the ban n the use of cell phones while driving

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高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17

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A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17

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A. in, with B. in, to C. of, with D. of, to 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查similar 的搭配， A be similar to B ，相似于 A be the same with B，有一定混淆性，另外表达在某方面相似，搭配介词in，故答案为B。 4. What a dangerous scene! A car has missed the boy playing on the roadside __ only an inch. A. within B. for C. by D. at 【答案】C 【解析】本题题意为“一辆车差一点撞到那个在路边玩耍的男孩”，容易误导学生错选 A ，表示在一英寸以内，而真实意思是差一英尺，在英语中表示增长、降低、或者差距的正确表达是by+数字，故答案为C。 5. The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ___ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 【答案】D 【解析】此题题意为“那个女孩手上有一些气球，一个是红色的，其余的是黄色

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A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。 “我’为开头做称呼的是第一人称 ‘你’怎么怎么样是第二人称 ‘他她它’是第三人称 第三人称就是第三人称转述。 例：小兰对妈妈说：“我要出去玩了” 第三人称：小兰对妈妈说，她要出去玩了。 第三人称，就是说是叙述性质的，没有人的语言，是旁白在记叙！ 以我的角度说，就是第一人称； 以和你说的角度说，就是第二人称； 站在事情外说事情，他怎么怎么样，那就是第三人称了 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

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