英国文学史复习资料
Beowulf
English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.Beowulf is the national epic of the English people.
Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.Its main stories are evidently folk legends of primative Northern tribes.The most striking feature of Beowulf is the use of alliteration（头韵）.In alliterative verse,certain accented word in a line begin with the same consonant sound,there are generally 4 accents in a line,three of which show alliteration.Other features are the use of metaphors and of understatements(掩饰). ―Ring-giver‖ is used for king, ―sea-wood‖for ship.Ironical humour is often regarded as a permanentcharacteristic of English.
Chaucer (About 1340-1400.)
His literature career can be divided into three periods:French Period (The Romaunt of the Rose) ,Italian Period,England period.Troilus and Criseyde is his longest complete poem(8000 lines) and his greatest artistic achievement.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie,he affi rms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached by the church.As a forerunner of humanism,he praises man’s energy,intellect,quick wit and love of life.Chaucer’s language,called Middle English,is vivid and exact.Contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types,especially the rhymed couplet(双韵诗体)of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the heroic couplet)to English poetry,instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.
Marlowe(1564-1593)
1.these plays show the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie.
2.the theme of the plays is the praise of individuality freed from the restraintsof medieval dogmas and law,and the conviction of the boundless possiblity of human efforts in conquering the universe.
3.the heroes in his plays are merely individualists.
He was the greatest of the pioneers of English drama.He is the father of drama and tragedy.
Shakespeare(1564-1616)
The first period(1590-1594) the apprenticeship part
The second period(1595-1600)the historical part. His sonnets written in this period. The sonnet is a poem in 14lines with one or the other rhyme scheme,a form much in vogue in Renaissance Europe,especially in Italy,France and England.In 1609 appeared.
The third period(1601-1607)the tragedy part
The forth peorid(1608-1612)the comedt and tragedy part
Feature:1.he is one of the founders of realism in world literature.2.his dramatic creation often used the method of adoptation.3.His long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired make him a master hand for playwriting.4.he is skilled in many poetic forms.5.he was a great master of the English language.
Milton(1608-1674)
Early poems:
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1317493567.html,ton was political in both life and his art.
2.He wrote the greatest epic in English literature.
3.he is a master of blank verse.He first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.
4.he is a great stylist.
5.he has always been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.
The Enlightenment and classicism in English Literature
Enlightenment The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time.The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. They held
that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and rules.
Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers are:
Alexander Pope Joseph Addison Sir Richard Steele Jonathan Swift
Samuel Richardson Daniel Defoe Henry Fielding Samuel Johnson
Classicism Addison,Steele and Pope belonged to the school of classism.Rimed couplet（偶句诗）instead of blank verse,the three unitiesof time,place and action,regularity in construction,and the presentation of types rather than individuals。
Pope(1688-1744)
He is the most important English poet in the first half of the 18th century.
Swift(1667-1745)
Fielding(1707-1754)
Fielding was a man of extraordinary vitality and capacity. He was a dramatist, an essayist and a novelist. His fame is established chiefly upon his success as a novelist. Joseph Andrews (1742), his first novel .The History of Jonathan Wild the Great (1743)The History of Tome Jones, A Foundling (1749) , his masterpiece.He was called the ―father of the English novel‖.Fielding set up the theory of realism in literary creation. He wrote specifically "comic epic in prose", the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. Fielding adopted "the third-person narration". In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of the common life as it is.
Blake(1757-1827)
His position in English literature: the representative of pre-romanticist.
His main works:Songs of Innocence (1789)The Marriage of Heaven and Hell(1790)Songs of Experience (1794) Wordsworth(1770-1850)
Industrial Revolution
Early decades----Romantic Movement:William Wordsworth, Samuel T.Coleridge,George G. Byron, Percy Shelly, John Keats, Walter Scott, Jane Austen.Mid-19th century---Realistic Movement: Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, George Eliot, Alfred Tennyson, Matthew https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1317493567.html,st decades---Naturalism, Neo-Romanticism and Aestheticism: George Gissing, Robert Louis Stevenson and Oscar Wilde. His poetry distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language.His theory and practice in poetical creation started from a satisfaction with social reality under capitalism,and hinted at the thought of ―back to nature‖ and ―back to the patriarchal system of the old time.‖Many a critic has pointed out that nearly all his good poetry was written during the first decade of his literary career.
Byron(1788-1824)
Shelley(1792-1822)
Keats(1795-1821)
Five long poems
1.Keats learned his poetical art mainly from the poets of the English Renaissance(Spenser and Shakespeare),from Milton and from Dante,the national poet of Italy.
2.the most important are his sonnets and odes.
3.Keats’s personality seems to be breathed into his ode of which
Dickens(1812-1870)
He was the great representative of English critical realism.
The first period(1836-1841)
Thackeray(1811-1863)
He was the great representative of English critical realism in 19 century England.
Jane Austen(1775-1817)
The Brownings(Robert Browning1812- Elizabeth Browning1806-1861)
He First one
She
Hardy(1840-1928)
Novelist and poet,is one of the representatives of English critical realism at the turn of the 19th century.
Galsworthy(1867-1933)
One of the most prominent of the 20th century English realistic writers.
W.B.Yeats (1865-1939)
Poet and dramatist
T(homas) S(tearns) Eliot (1888-1965)
Poet,dramatist and critic
Greatly influenced by Irving Babbit and George Santayana
Interested in Italian Renaissance and Indian mystical philosophy of Buddhism
Greatly influenced by French Symbolism
Poems: 1. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock; 2. The Waste Land; 3. The Hollow Men 4. Ash Wednesday 5. Four Quartets
1947 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature
Naturalism: is a literary trend prevailing in Europe, expecially in France and Germany,in the second half of the 19th century. According to the theory of naturalism, literature must be ―true to life‖ and exactly reproduce real life, including all its details without and selection.
New-romanticism
Another literary trend prevailing at the end of the 19th century was neo-romanticism. Dissatisfied with the drab and ugly social reality and yet trying to void the positive solution of the acute socail contradictions, some writers adopted the new trend which laid emphasis upon the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories to entertain the reading public.
Imagism
Imagism was an Anglo-American poetic movement flourishing in the 1910s.its program was formulated about 1912 by the american poet,Ezra Pound,who wrote:‖an Image is that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time.‖
The ―stream of consciousness ― school of novel
The ―stream of consciousness ― is a psychological term indicationg ―the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the person’s will‖Neoclassicism: a revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance, and harmony in literature. Alexander Pope, John Dryden and Samuel Johnson were major exponents of the neoclassical school.
Novel: a book-length fictional prose narrative, having many characters and often a complex plot. Character: it is an individual within a literary work. Protagonist: the central character of a drama, novel, short story, or narrative poem. Plot: the sequence of events or actions in a short story, novel, play or narrative poem.
Epistolary novel: a type of nnovel in which the narrative is carried on by means of series of letters. Sentimentalism: is a literal movement in the middle of the 18th century in England which concentrates on the distressed of the poor unfortunate and virtuous people and demonstrates that effusive emotion was evidence of kindness and goodness. Laurence Sterne who wrote A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy (1768) and Oliver Goldsmith who wrote The Vicar of Wakefield (1766).
Pre-romanticism: a literal trend in the English literature of the latter half of the 18th century which composes the romance devoted to the medieval times. William Blake and Robert Burns are two representatives of pre-romanticists. Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by university of intellectual and emotional appeal.
Literature shows us not only what a society is like in a certain age, but also what individual feel about it, what they hope from it, and how they can change it or escape from it.
analytical approach thematic approach historical approach
Realistic Writings
Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist, Dombey and Son, David Copperfield, Bleak House, Hard Times, A tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, Our Mutual Friends;
William Thackeray: Vanity Fair
Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre
Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans): Middlemarch
Elizabeth Gaskell: Mary Barton: a Tale of Manchester Life
Realistic writing in American Literature
Realism and Naturalism
Early Realism: (regionalism and colorism)Mark Twain: The Adventures of Tm Sawyer(1856), The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), The Gilded Age: A Tale of To-day(1873), The Innocents Abroad(1869), Roughing It (1873), A Tramp Abroad(1880), Life on the Mississippi(1883), Following the Equator(1097), The Prince and Pauper(1882), etc.
The Renaissance sprang first in Italy in the 14 century and gradually spread all over Europe.
Two feature are striking of this movement.
The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another feature is the keen interest in the activities of humanity.
Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.
Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes.
Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.
Old English Literature (Anglo-Saxon English Literature)From mid-5th century –mid 11th centuryA. Religious works: Early Holy Bible B. Folk Works: Beowulf ( the national Epic of the Anglo-Saxons)
English Literature in the Middle Ages Time: 1066---the end of the 14th century Norman Conquest—Feudalism Writers: G. Chaucer, W. Langland, J. Gower, J. Wycliffe and others. Styles: Romance, Legend, Story, Poems, Ballads and others. The Representative Work: The Canterbury Tales English Renaissance 15th C—17th C 14th century ---17th century
European Renaissance: Italy---France---Germany---England---Spain—Holland---Characteristics: 1. Keen interests in Classics; 2. Aspirations for Humanity
18th Century English Literature The end of 17th century—18th century
The Enlightenment Intellectual Movement—Bourgeois Movement
Enlighteners: John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume, Steele, Addison, Swift and Pope, Defoe, Richardson, Fielding, Smollett, Sheridan and Goldsmith
19th Century English Literature Industrial Revolution
Early decades----Romantic Movement:William Wordsworth, Samuel T.Coleridge,George G. Byron, Percy Shelly, John Keats, Walter Scott, Jane Austen
Mid-19th century---Realistic Movement: Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, George Eliot, Alfred Tennyson, Matthew Arnold
Last decades---Naturalism, Neo-Romanticism and Aestheticism: George Gissing, Robert Louis Stevenson and Oscar Wilde.
20th Century English Literature
Historical Background: Political, Social, Cultural
At home: decline of the military and political power of the English Empire, frequent strikes of the workers Abroad: conflicts between Britain and the colonists, conflicts between the colonists, development of the other countries, the influence of the World War I, preparations of the war by Hitler and Mussolini and inevitable World War II.
Cultural Background: the development of the science and technology, ―the decline of the west‖ caused the skepticism and disillusionment, the influence of the theory of socialism, the influence of the theory of evolution, the influence of psychology, the influence of Oriental culture
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
《英国文学选读》课程简介
《英国文学选读》课程基本信息 课程发展的历史沿革 南京大学英国文学教学和研究历史悠久，基础厚实。 早在80年代，范存忠先生出版了《英国文学史提纲》，陈嘉先生编写的英文版《英国文学史》和《英国文学选读》获国家教委全国高等学校优秀教材奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英美小说》1995年获全国高校外国文学教学研究会首届优秀教材 奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》由北京高等教育出版社于2001年出版，列入面向21世纪课程教材、普通高等教育九五国家级重点教材”并作为英语专业系列教材”之一， 获2002年全国普通高等学校优秀教材一等奖。该教材修订版已列入普通高等教育十五国家 级教材规划选题” 2001年王守仁教授主持的英国文学网络课程作为教育部新世纪网络课程建设工程”项 目正式立项，获经费12万元。 2003年4月，英国文学网络课程在北京通过专家组质量认证。 f ---------------- 探教学内容 英国文学课程精选英国文学史上重要作家的名篇，包括莎士比亚、培根、华兹华斯、狄 更斯、哈代、艾略特、乔伊斯、劳伦斯等经典作家的名著以及当代作家的作品，题材涵盖小说、诗歌、戏剧和散文，教学内容全面系统，较好地体现了专业课程的基础性、先进性和前沿性。英国文学课程确立以文学作品为中心，采用读写议相结合的教学方式，注重培养学生的分析能力、思辩能力和语言表达能力，体现了素质教育的特点。通过对本课程的学习，学 生可以在教师的指导下阅读英语文学作品原著，理解英国文学与文化，提高文学批评鉴赏能 力和英语水平。 €--------------- la 探教学条件 英国文学课程以王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》为基本教材，充分发挥网络技术的 优势，基于课堂与网络，实行开放式教学。南京大学具备运行机制良好的硬件环境，开发的英国文学网络课件已从2002年春季学期起投入使用。英国文学网络课件以Web页面的形式 呈现教学内容，通过ASP技术，动态生成学习单元，每单元包括作者简介、背景介绍、作品赏析、作品选读和注释以及作家的相关网址，同时还配有相关评论、图片和名言。课件具有
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
华南农业大学英国文学史期末考试题
华南农业大学xx文学史期末考试题 (下)注:本文档主要用作题型参考,非100%原题。 考试范围:启蒙运动时期,浪漫主义时期。 一选择题。(共50题,每题1分) 类型1:作品来源。(约10-15道题) 1.” Some village-Hampden, that with dauntless breast. The littletyrant of hisfields withstood, Some mute inglorious Milton here mayrest. SomeCromwell,guiltless of his country's blood.” is from ( )A.I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud B. The Cloud C. Bright Star D. Elegy 2. “But now your brow is beld, John. Your locks are lik e the snaw;But bless ingson your frosty pow…” is from ( ) A. John Anderson, My Jo B.A Red, Red Rose C. Tintern Abbey D. When We two parted 3.” I am assured by our merchants, that a boy or a girl beforetwelve years old isno saleable commodity, and even when they come tothis age, they will not yieldabove three pounds, or three pounds andhalf a crown at most, on the exchange.” isfrom ( ) A. Gulliver’s Travel B. Robinson Crusoe
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
英国文学史及作品选读
英国文学史及作品选读 （模拟试题二） Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分） 1．______can be justly termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Romance of the Rose 2. Among of the following dramas, which is one of Shakespeare’s four tragedies? A.Macbeth B.As You Like it C. Twelfth Night D. The Merchant of Venice 3. _______ is called as “ father of English novels” A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Daniel Defoe D.John Donne 4. It was ____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 5. Absoulute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____, especially Britain’s sea power was established. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Queen Elizabeth D. Charles I 6. Hamlet, the most popular of Shakespeare's plays for readers and theater audiences, tells about the story of Hamlet, Prince of _______, and son of the dead king, who seeks revenge for his father’s death. A. England B. Norway C. Scotland D. Denmark 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne’s poetry is characterized regularity among irregularity D. He never shows positive attitude towards love. 8. Robinson Crosue can be termed as____. A. a self-dependent person B. a person with colonial mind C. an adventuous person D. all of the above 9. Robert Burns is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____ paint a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. The notorious “Peterloo Massacre” happened in _____. A. English Romantic period B. English Renaissance C. period of Restoration D. Neo-classical period 12. Lyrical Ballads are made by ____. A. Wordsworth and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Shelley and Byron 13. According to____, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion and recollected in tranquillity.
整理英国文学史bysummer
Chapter1 Early and Medieval Literature Three stages of English literary development: The Roman Conquest（55BC——410AD） The Anglo-Saxon Period（410——1066AD） Three tribes：Jutes，the Angles，and the Saxons The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁撒克逊编年史 The greatest literary achievement during this period is Beowulf。Beowulf贝奥武甫——epic，alliteration ★Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. ★The whole epic is divided into two parts and tells of two major events in the life of Beowulf.①He kills a monster;②He fights a dragon. The Norman Conquest(1066-------1350AD) 下层：ballad民谣（ballads which are the most important parts of English folk literature） 上层：chivalry骑士文学：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight （alliteration verse） ★Most of the English romances deal with three major themes: Ⅰ.The Matter of Britain——which is about the adventures of King
2014-2015英国文学史及选读期末试题B
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英国文学史测试题(全)汇编
英国文学史 1.The statement “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability”open well-known essays by_________. Francis Bacon Samuel Johnson Alexander Pope Jonathan Swift [参考答案] Francis Bacon 2.When he died, Chaucer was buried in __________ the Poet's Corner. Westminster Abbey Normandy Canterbury Southwark [参考答案] Westminster Abbey 3.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of . Piers Plowman Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Confessio Amantis The Canterbury Tales [参考答案] The Canterbury Tales 4.The first mention of Robin Hood in literature is in Langland's _________. The Legend of Good Woman The Vison of Piers the Plowman Boewulf Fables [参考答案] The Vison of Piers the Plowman 5.Which literary genra does Sir Gawain and the Green Knight belong to? epic romance novel prose [参考答案] romance 6.English literature at the Anglo-Norman Period was also a combination of ____ and Saxon elements. Latin Greek English French [参考答案] French 7.In the 14th century, the two most important writers are_____ and Chaucer Caedmon Cynewulf Langland Shakespeare [参考答案] Langland 8.Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf? Hrothgat Heorot Grendel Beowulf [参考答案] Grendel 9.The most important work of_____is The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles,which is regarded as the best monument of the old English prose. Alfred the Great Caedmon Cynewulf Venerable Bede [参考答案] Alfred the Great 10.The epic, The Song of Beowulf, represents the spirit of_____. monks romanticists sentimentalists pagan [参考答案] pagan ing line of 11.The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day ?” is the beginn one of Shakespeare’ｓ. comedies tragedies histories sonnets [参考答案] sonnets
名著导读：《简爱》梗概、知识点和习题大集合
名著导读：《简爱》梗概、知识点和习题大集合 《简·爱》是英国十九世纪著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，也是英国文学史上的一部传世之作。人们普遍认为《简·爱》以第一人称叙述，是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“诗意的生平”的写照，是一部具有自传色彩的作品。 【作品简介】 《简·爱》是英国十九世纪著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，也是英国文学史上的一部传世之作。人们普遍认为《简·爱》以第一人称叙述，是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“诗意的生平”的写照，是一部具有自传色彩的作品。 这部带有浓厚自传色彩的作品成功地塑造了英国文学史中第一个对爱情、生活采取独立自主、积极进取态度，敢于斗争、敢于争取自由平等地位的女性形象，小小说诠释了这样一个主题：人的价值=尊严+爱。书中弱小的简爱不仅具有坚强刚毅的个性、自尊自爱的品格，而且还拥有足够的才智和对自由平等爱情的追求。 当时已经驰名文坛的萨克雷评价说：”《简·爱》是一位伟大天才的杰作。” 【故事概要】 一、苦难的童年(1--4 章) 幼小的简·爱寄养在舅父母家里。舅父里德先生去世后，简·爱过了10年倍受尽歧视和虐待的生活。舅母把她视作眼中钉，并把她和自己的孩子隔离开来，从此，她与舅母的对抗更加公开和坚决了，简被送进了罗沃德孤儿院。 二、艰难中成长（5——10章） 洛伍德义塾，一个教规严厉、条件极为艰苦的地方。简.爱刚到这里的第一年便赶上了一场突如其来的瘟疫，眼看着一个个同学在这里倒下，特别是好友海伦.彭斯的离去，使简爱幼小的心灵体会到了生命的残酷。在这里，简爱虽然历经磨难，却坚强地生存了下来。 度过第一年的难关后，学校改善了学生们的生活饮食条件。简爱在这里又做了六年学生、二年老师。期间的八年中，谭普尔小姐成为简爱敬仰和感激的至爱之师和人生挚友，因为“我获得的一些最宝贵的知识，都要归功于她的指导。”“她充当了我的母亲及家庭教师的角色，后来又成为我的伴侣”。“她的友谊及与她的交往始终是我的一种安慰”。因此，当谭普尔小姐要离开洛伍德义塾时，简.爱也在一番思索后决定要到“一个陌生的环境里担当新职务，过一种新生活”。 三、体验爱情（11--27章）
英国文学史及选读知识要点I
Part I The Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066) I Background 449 the Teutons ( the Jutes, the Anglos, the Saxons) II Literature The literature of this period falls into two divisions—pagan and Christian Two Anglo-saxon Christian poets: Caedmon （凯德蒙，公元7世纪盎各鲁－萨克逊基督教诗人）who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and who wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible. Cynewulf（基涅武甫,盎各鲁――萨克逊诗人，生活在公元9世纪，其古英语诗稿于10世纪被发现，有《埃琳娜》,《使徒们的命运》，《基督升天》和《朱莉安娜》）, the author of poems on religious subjects III The Song of Beowulf( Beowulf, 公元7-8世纪之交开始流传于民间的同名史诗中的主人公，曾与水怪，火龙搏斗) Status: England’s national epic Written at the beginning of the tenth century Composed much earlier Length:3182 The whole song is essentially pagan in spirit and matter. Features : alliteration; metaphors; understatement Subject matter Part II The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350) I historical background: The Norman Conquest II. The Literature The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure. III. Romance 1. Romance was the prevailing form of literature in feudal England. 2. Definition and features(理解) IV. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight a late-14th century middle-English outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur’s Round Table. It was a verse romance of 2530 lines, considered as the best of Arthurian romances. Part III Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400) I Major works The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》is a translation from a French poem. His masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales II Contributions 1. Chaucer—the forerunner of Renaissanc e
英国文学史复习资料(吴伟仁版上册)
英国文学史复习资料（上册） ★《贝奥武夫》Beowulf 它体现的是英雄叙事长诗，完成于公元九世纪。全诗长3183行，以斯堪的纳维亚（Sc andinavia）的英雄贝奥武夫（Beowulf）的英勇事迹构成主要内容。勇士贝奥武甫与怪物格伦德尔搏斗，使其断臂而死。怪物之母为子复仇，又被他追踪杀死。后来他做了国王。一次火龙来犯，他挺身斩龙，伤重而死，人民为他举行了隆重的葬礼。本诗以西撒克斯（Wessex）方言写成，押头韵而不押尾韵，用双字隐喻而不用明喻。是现存古英语文学中最古老的作品，是流传至今的欧洲最完整的一部史诗，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。在语言学方面也是相当珍贵的文献。（安格鲁-撒克逊时期） ★《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》Sir Gaw ain and the Green Knight是英语韵文浪漫诗的杰出代表。全诗共2529行，作者不详，创作于诺曼时期向新时代过渡的14世纪它的题材属于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的传说系列。作品以巨大的艺术表现力反映了骑士制度的理想，是中世纪封建贵族文化的精髓。在艺术上，此诗语言优美含蓄，情节完整紧凑，人物性格细腻丰满，诗中对大自然的精确而富于魅力的描写尤为引人注目，代表了中古英格兰北部头韵体诗歌艺术的最高成就。（安格鲁-罗马时期） ★杰弗雷·乔叟(Geoffrey Chauc er,约1343～1400）率先采用伦敦方言写作，并创作“英雄双行体”，对英国民族语言和文学的发展影响极大，故被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》Canterbury Tales,描写一群香客（pilgrim）聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建议香客们在往返途中各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了23个故事，其中最精彩的故事有：骑士讲的爱情悲剧故事、巴斯妇讲的骑士的故事、卖赎罪券者讲的劝世寓言故事、教士讲的动物寓言故事、商人讲的家庭纠纷的故事、农民讲的感人的爱情和慷慨义气行为的故事。作品广泛地反映了资本主义萌芽时期的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。《坎特伯雷故事集》的艺术成就
英国文学试题及答案2
I、Multiple Choice. (40%) There are 15 questions in this part. Choose A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet. A 1. Beowulf is a ___ poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal society. A. pagan B. Christain C. romantic D. lyric B 2.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely___. A. William Langland’s Piers the Plowman B. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales C. John Gower’s Confessio Amantis D. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C 3. In “ Sonnet 18 ” ，Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of __C___ and the eternal __________ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves . A. death/ life B. time / beauty C. death/ love D. hate / love C. 4. Which of the following poetic forms is the principle form of Shakespeare’s drama? A. lyric B. sonnet C. blank verse D. quatrain C 5. Which of the following statements best illustrate the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18? A. The speaker eulogizes the power of nature. B. The speaker satirizes human vanity. C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation. D. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation. A 6. Which of the following place does Gulliver visit first in Gulliver’s Travels? A. Lilliput B. Brobdingnag C. Laputa D. Houyhnhnms B 7. Which of the following is NOT true about Robinson Crusoe? A.It is written in the autobiographical form. B.It is a record of Defoe’s own experiences. C.Robinson spends 28 years of isolated life on the island. D.It is set in the middle of the 17th century. B.8.Many of Burn s’ songs deal with friendship.____ has long become a universal parting-song of all the English speaking countries. A. A Red, Red Rose B. Auld Lang Syne C. My Heart’s in the Highlands D. John Anderson, My Jo A 9.The Tiger was written by___. A. William Blake B. John Keats C. William Wordsworth D. Percy Shelley B 10.“One short sleep past, we wake eternally” is taken from___ A. The Solitary Reaper B. Death be not proud C. To Autumn D. Song to the Man of England A 11. _____ is not a famous translator in the English Renaissance. A. Thomas North B. Thomas Wyatt
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