定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换

定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换

非谓语做定语是定语从句的简化形式

Please replace the underlined part with relative clauses

1.The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew.

2.The Olympic Games, held in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.

3.The first text books written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

4.Are you going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow?

5. a developed/developing country

6.He is a student loved by all the teachers.

7.The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.

8.She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.

9.Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.

10.We have nothing to worry about.

11.I have a lot of things to do today.

12.Have you got anything to say at the meeting?

总结：现在分词做定语从时态上表示_______ 或_________ 从语态上表示________;若表示被动；可以用_______

过去分词做定语从时态上表示_____或______ 从语态上表示____________

不定式做定语从时态上表示__________ 从逻辑上可以表示动词和先行词之间的_______ 同时要注意加上相应的介词，若先行词被________________________所以修饰，定语从句部分可以用不定式替代

Replace the underlined part with ing/ ed / to do

1. The computer center which was opened last year, is very popular among the students. in the school.

2. Most of the artists who were invited to the party were from South Africa.

3. There was a terrible noise which followed he sudden burst of light.

4. Do you know the boy who is lying under the big tree?

5. Are you going to attend the meeting which will be held tomorrow?

6. I like most of the books which are published in this publishing house.

7. This is one of the questions which are being discussed at the meeting now.

8. Would you please give me a piece of paper which I can write with ?

9. The next train which will arrive is from Washington.

非谓语动词作定语练习1

1. Here are some new computer programs _________ for home buildings.

A. designing

B. design

C. designed

D. to design

2. The price will save you one dollar for each dozen.

A. reduce

B. reducing

C. reduced

D. reduces

3. The wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building.

A. stolen, hidden

B. stealing, hiding

C. stealing, hidden

D. stolen, hiding

4. A person_______ a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language ___all about his own.

A. to learn, to forget

B. learning, to forget

C. to learn, forgetting

D.learning, forgetting

6. Many things__________ impossible in the past are very common today.

A. consider

B. considering

C. considered

D. be considered

7 What's the________ language in Germany

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. be spoken

D. to speak

8. They found a old _______woman________ on the ground when the door was broken down.

A. dying, lying

B. dead, lied

C. death, laying

D. died, lain

9. On a _________morning the little girl was found ________at the corner of the street.

A. freezing freezing

B. freezing frozen

C. frozen frozen

D. frozen freezing

10. ---I'd like to buy an expensive camera.---Well, we have several models _______ .

A. to choose from

B. to choose

C. to be chosen

D. for choice

11.The meeting_______ this evening is of great importance.

A.holding

B.held

C.to hold

D.to be held

12.—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers

—The key______ the problem is to meet the demand_________ by the customers.

A.to solving; making

B.to solving; made

C.to solve; making

D.to solve; made

13.The computer centre,_________last year,is very popular among the students in this schoo1.

A.open

B.opening

C.having opened

D.opened

14.The man _________on now is my brother.

A.to be operated

B.being operated

C.operated

D.been operated

15.The first textbooks_______ for teaching English as a foreign 1anguage came out in the 16th century.

A.have written

B.to be written

C.being written

D.written

16.The 0lympic Games, _________in 776 B.C,did not include women players until 1912.

A.first played

B.to be first played

C.first playing

D.to be first playing

17 The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ._________________________

A.20 dollars remained

B.20 dollars to remain

C.remained 20 dollars

D.remaining 20 dollars

非谓语动词作定语相关练习2

1. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A. having hung

B. hanging

C. hangs

D. being hung

2. Mr. Smith, _______of the _______speech, started to read a novel.

A.tired; boring

B.tiring; bored

C.tired; bored

D.tiring; boring

5. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known

6. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.

A. to form

B. form

C. forming

D. having formed

7. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A. to smell

B. smelling

C. smelt

D. to be smelt

8. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.

A.recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

9. I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________

A. to be buying

B. to buy

C. for buying

D. bought

10. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.

A. paying

B. paid

C. to be paid

D. being paid

关系代词的用法

(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：

All the people that are present burst into tears.

(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：

This is my first time that I have seen her.

(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：

The boy,who is good at soccer,comes from Xinjiang.

That necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday.

(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：

He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。

(6) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。

(7) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

(8) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用who 或whom.

Is there anyone here who will go with you?

３．"介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构

(1) "介词＋关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that 。

例:Is that the house in which you live ?

(2)像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

定语从句与非谓语动词的转换

定语从句和非谓语动词是高中阶段重要的两大语法项目。定语从句的应用可以使语言表达更精确更生动，显得使用者具有较高的英语文化底蕴，但也是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。而非谓语动词的正确使用，就可以使定语从句的理解容易化，简单化，而且使语句简练、更有文采。掌握二者的转换，有助于我们更好的理解其用法，并能够自如地运用。下面我就着重谈谈如何将定语从句转换成非谓语动词以及转换时应注意的事项。 1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。 定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next，the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”. （1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei. →The plane to arrive is from Hubei。 （2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45. →The students will go to a p arty to be held in our class at 7：45. （3）He was the first boy who came to school. →He was the first boy to come to school. .2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。例： （1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework. →She wanted a room in which to do her homework. （2）She had only a pen with which she can write. →She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write. 注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。这个介词可提前到关系代词前面，也可留在句尾。前者是正式说法后者是非正式说法。而且上例中动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，否则就不能简单地把作定语的不定式都变成此结构。 “He is looking for a place for his friend to live in”这句话。我们就不能将句中的a place for his friend to live in改为a place to live in或a place in which to live。 3.1定语从句可以转换为现在分词（短语） 如果定语从句的谓语是主动语态，且发生的时间与主句的谓语所表示的动作所发生的时间同时，此时可以将定语从句转换成现在分词短语）。 （1）Have you ever talked to the girl who is dancing to music over there？→Have you ever talked to the girl dancing to music over there？ （2）The question that is being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. →The question being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. .2定语从句可以转化为过去分词（短语） 如定语从句的谓语是被动语态，或是“系动词+过去分词（表语）”结构，且从句的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是在主句的谓语之前发生或无明确的时间。此时，我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。有时定语从句谓语虽然是主动语态.但它表示的动作在主句谓语之前就已经完成，这时我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。 （1）The report that was made yesterday will be discussed today. →The report made yesterday will be discussed today. （2）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful.

从句与非谓语之间的转换

从句与非谓语之间的转换 一、当从句的主语与主句的主语一致（定语从句的主语与先行词一致），如果从句中是：1）从句用be动词作谓语 be + doing；省略be；(例10) be + done；省略be；(例4) be + 介词短语；省略be；(例2) be + 形容词/ 副词；be变为being；(例9) be + 名词；be变为being；(例1) 2）如果从句中是其他行为动词作谓语 是一般现在时或一般过去时就一律用doing的进行时化简；(例3) 是完成时态或after引导的一般时态，用having done化简。(例7和11) 二、当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时，也可按上面第一条中方法化简复合句。 化简后的短语前加上原从句中的主语即可（既是独立主格结构）。(例5、6、8) 1.When he was a young boy，he used to ask lots of questions. = Being a young boy, he used to ask lots of questions. 2.When he was in the classroom, he read his book aloud. = In the classroom, he read his book aloud. 3.They went to the teacher for help who taught them English. = They went to the teacher teaching them English for help. 4.When the earth is seen from space, it looks like a huge water ball. = Seen from space, the earth looks like a huge water ball. 5.When a guest comes to your room, you can say to him "Have a seat, please". = A guest coming to your room, you can say to him "Have a seat, please". 6.When his mother entered his room, he was playing the computer game. = His mother entering his room, he was playing the computer game. 7.After the two policemen entered the room, they turned off the light and waited there silently. = Having entered the room, the two policemen turned off the light and waited there silently. 8.Because there was no bus, I had to walk home. = There being no bus, I had to walk home. 9.Since it is fine today, we should have an outing this afternoon. = It being fine today, we should have an outing this afternoon. 10.While you are crossing the street, you should be careful. = While crossing the street, you should be careful.

定语从句与非谓语动词

二．定语从句： 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词（被修饰的那个名词或代词）；第二看从句缺少什么成份（如主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的引导词。 注意：引导词在介词后，指人只能用whom 指物只能用which 高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面： 【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，从意义上来说，是对主语的补充说明，从结构上来看，先行词和定语从句之间用逗号隔开，He makes great progress in his English learning, which makes his mother very happy. ⑧I shall never forget the day _____ Shenzhou V was launched, _____ has a great effect on my life. A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that (2004北京东城) 【考点7】关系代词that，who，which以及as的用法区别。 指人时常只用who不用that的情况； 指物时只用which不用that的情况； 只用that不用which的情况； 关系代词as与which的用法区别； the same … that … 与the same … as …的区别: 1 其中that, who(whom)，都可以指人，那么他们在指人时有什么区别呢。[本条记忆技巧：用who 不用that 的情况 “there be” “one，ones，anyone，nobody, those ” 被分割。那里有(there)很多万(one)被那些人(those)分割。] <1>先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody 等词时，用who不用that,例如：The one who knows me well is Tom. <2>在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词是人，用who不用that, 例： A new teacher will come who will teach you German. 在本句中，先行词“teacher”和修饰限定它的从句“who will teach you German ”分离，所以我们用who 不用that。 <3>先行词为“there be”结构的主语时，例如 There is a man who wants to see you. 在本句子当中a man是There is a man 这句当中的主语，所以用who不用that 2其中，that 和which 都可以指物，它们在指物时的区别： 用that不用which <1>先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词,all, every, little, no, any, much, the only, the very, the last 等修饰时，例如： I have read all the books that you gave me. <2>先行词为all, few, nothing, everything, little, much等不定代词时： He did all that he could do to help us. <3>主语以who或which开头时 Who is the man that just called you just now? <4>关系代词在从句中做表语时 China is not the country that is was. <5>既指人又指物时 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 2, 先行词表示物时, 用which不用that 的情况 <1> 引导非限制性定语从句时,例如: She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. <2>当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:

非谓语动词和从句的转换

非谓语动词和从句的转换---- 一.不定式（短语）与从句的关系 1.不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。 (1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you) (2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.) (3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea. (= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.) 2.不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句 (1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语) (=when and where we should build a school) (2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see) (3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.) 3不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句 (1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave) (2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding) 4.不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句 (1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing) (2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up) 5.不定式（短语）在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句 (１).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that) (2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn’t…)

定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换

定语从句和非谓语做定语的转换 非谓语做定语是定语从句的简化形式 Please replace the underlined part with relative clauses 1.The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew. 2.The Olympic Games, held in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. 3.The first text books written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 4.Are you going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow? 5. a developed/developing country 6.He is a student loved by all the teachers. 7.The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 8.She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. 9.Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in. 10.We have nothing to worry about. 11.I have a lot of things to do today. 12.Have you got anything to say at the meeting? 总结：现在分词做定语从时态上表示_______ 或_________ 从语态上表示________;若表示被动；可以用_______ 过去分词做定语从时态上表示_____或______ 从语态上表示____________ 不定式做定语从时态上表示__________ 从逻辑上可以表示动词和先行词之间的_______ 同时要注意加上相应的介词，若先行词被________________________所以修饰，定语从句部分可以用不定式替代 Replace the underlined part with ing/ ed / to do 1. The computer center which was opened last year, is very popular among the students. in the school. 2. Most of the artists who were invited to the party were from South Africa. 3. There was a terrible noise which followed he sudden burst of light. 4. Do you know the boy who is lying under the big tree? 5. Are you going to attend the meeting which will be held tomorrow? 6. I like most of the books which are published in this publishing house. 7. This is one of the questions which are being discussed at the meeting now. 8. Would you please give me a piece of paper which I can write with ? 9. The next train which will arrive is from Washington. 非谓语动词作定语练习1 1. Here are some new computer programs _________ for home buildings. A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design 2. The price will save you one dollar for each dozen. A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces 3. The wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building. A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding 4. A person_______ a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language ___all about his own. A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D.learning, forgetting 6. Many things__________ impossible in the past are very common today. A. consider B. considering C. considered D. be considered 7 What's the________ language in Germany A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak

考查非谓语动词还是定语从句

请看看这道选择题： Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that 【分析】此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的 seated 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选择B（当然若将 seated 改为 sitting，也应选择B）。所以此题最佳答案选A。 请再看一个类似的例子： (1)He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that (2)He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 第(1)应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语； 第(2)应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。再请看下面一例： (3)He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were transla ted into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 【分析】此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。 请做做以下三题(答案均为B)：

书面表达中巧妙运用定语从句、非谓语和名词性从句

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非谓语动词和定语从句总结~388CF

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The fascinating custom has been the subject of many books. The baby will sleep until eight. Try not to wake a sleeping baby. Some movies are rated X. Children shouldn’t see X-rated movies. My leg was broken in three places. My broken leg is healing slowly. The sinking ship= the ship that was sinking The sunken ship=the ship that has sunken. Falling leaves= Fallen leaves= 现在分词的完成时态：表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前。Having done The students had solved most of the problems without any help. Having solved most of the problems without any help, the students were exhilarated. After they have solved most of the problems without…………………………..

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