英译汉-翻译参考译文

练习1 美国印象

☐我恐怕不能把美国描绘成十足的天堂——从一般角度来说，也许我对这个国家所知甚少。我说不出它的经度或纬度；我算不出它出产谷物的价值；我对它的政治也不十分熟悉。这些东西可能不会使你感兴趣，它们当然也不会让我感兴趣。

☐在美国上岸后得到的第一个深刻印象，就是美国人可能算不上世界上穿得最漂亮的，但却是穿得最舒服的。那里看得到男人头戴着不堪入目的烟囱式高顶礼帽，但很少有不戴帽子的男人；还看到穿着难看至极的燕尾服的男人，但很少有不穿外套的男人。美国人的穿戴显得舒适，这和在我国常可以看到的人们衣衫褴褛的情形形成了鲜明的对比。

☐我特别注意到的第二个特点是，似乎每个人都在急着赶火车。这种情形对诗歌和浪漫爱情是不利的。要是罗密欧和朱丽叶老是为乘火车而担心，或是在为返城车票而烦恼，莎士比亚就不可能写出那几幕如此富有诗意与伤感情调的阳台戏了。

☐美国是世界上最嘈杂的国家。在早晨，不是夜莺的歌声，而是汽笛的呜叫把人们唤醒。美国人讲求实际的头脑这么健全，却没有想到要降低这种令人难以忍受的噪音，真叫人吃惊。所有艺术都依赖于精细微妙的敏锐感觉，这样持续不断的喧嚣，最终一定会损害人的音乐天赋。

☐美国城市没有牛津、剑桥、索尔兹伯里和温彻斯特那么美丽，那些地方有优雅时代的美好遗迹；虽然不时还是可以看到许多美的东西，但只能在美国人没有存心创造美的地方。在美国人有意创造美的地方，他们显然没有成功。美国人的突出特点，便是他们把科学应用于现代生活的那种态度。

☐在纽约走马观花地一走，这一点就一目了然了。在英国人们常把发明家视作狂人，发明带来的是失望与穷困的例子简直不胜枚举。在美国发明家受到尊重，他随时可以得到人们的帮助。

在那里心灵手巧、把科技应用于人类的劳动，是致富的捷径。没有一个国家比美国更爱机器的了。

☐或许，值得指出的是，被许多人指为美国式英语的其实是老的英国式表达，它们在我国已经消失，却在我们的殖民地里留存下来。许多人以为美国人常说的“I guess”（“我猜”）纯粹是一种美国式表达，但约翰∙洛克在他的The understanding (《理解论》）中就用过这种说法，就像我们现在使用“I think”（“我想”）一样。

☐（淡瀛洲译，略有修订）☐练习2 英国人的性格

☐英国人有这样的名声，那就是：作为一个民族，他们不同于所有其他民族，包括他们的紧邻法国人、比利时人和荷兰人。据说这和居住岛屿、与欧洲大陆隔离很有关系。但不管是什么原因，完全可以这样说：英国人已养成许多不同于其他民族的态度和习惯。

☐大体说来，英国人是好静的、腼腆的，生性矜持的，只有在熟人当中，才感到无拘无束。在陌生人或外国人面前，他们就常常显得拘谨，甚至局促不安。这一点，你哪天早晨或傍晚去

看一下市郊往返列车车厢里的情况就可以了解了。面色严肃的商人和妇女坐在那儿，或是看报，或是靠在角落里打盹，没有人讲话。说实在的，讲话反会显得很特别。一位爱逗笑的英国人有一次装着样子给外国旅游者提忠告说：“进入车箱后，要和所有的旅客握手。”不用说，这是开玩笑。社会上存在着一种不成文但却是人们心照不宣的行为准则。如果有人破坏这种准则，他就立即成为猜疑的对象。

☐尽人皆知，英国人念念不忘他们的天气，一有机会，就谈个没完。有人解释说，这是因为英国的天气经常难以预报，所以就成为人人感兴趣、人人都在推测的话题。情况可能就是这样。

英国人确实不敢太信任气象专家——天气预报员。他们预报第二天晴朗，但结果却往往不是那么一回事：越过大西洋上空的一阵高气压会给英国全境带来雨天。一般人对天气的预测看来和气象员一样准确，否则就一样地不准确。这就有助于说明这样一个似乎是很离奇的现象：在一个阳光灿烂的夏日早晨，一个英国人离开家门时，胳臂上却搭着一件雨衣，手中提着一把雨伞。因为天气是那样变幻无常，说不定到吃午吃饭时就会大雨倾盆。

☐在一天当中，英国人之间如此频繁地提到天气问题，自然让外国旅游者感到惊讶。英国人见面时，常以谈论天气代替通常的问候。人们很可能听到他们说：“今天天气可不错呀！” “是啊，好极了！” ，而不说“ 您早！您好吗？” 。虽然外国人可能认为这未免有点夸张，有点可笑，但值得指出的是，如能加以利用，那会对他们自己很有好处。如果他想和某个英国人（无论是男的或是女的）交谈，又不知从何谈起，他就蛮可以先谈谈天气。这个话题万无一失，即使是最沉默的英国人也会搭腔。

☐在世界许多地区，公开地表示极度的热忱、情感、激情等，并且往往伴随着相应的手势，这是很普通的现象。但英国人却有些不同。当然，英国人和其他民族一样，并不缺乏丰富的感情，不过，他们往往极少外露，这反映在他们对语言的使用上。就以一个男人评论一个姑娘的天生丽质来说吧。一个易动感情的人可能会这样描述她：“真是块精制宝石”，“貌似天仙”，“长得俊极了”，而英国人会平淡地说：“唔，她长得还可以。”

☐英国人看了一部非常成功、令人快乐的电影后，会向朋友这样推荐：“这部片子不坏”，或者看到一片绝妙的景色时，他可能这样表达自己的快感：“好，是的，很好。”外国旅游者千万不要由于这种表面上看来缺乏兴趣和兴致的态度而感到扫兴。他必须认识到，“还可以”、“不坏”、“很好”是经常用来表示最高级的意思，相当于“一流的”、“好极了”。这种语言的特殊用法叫做“克制陈述法”，在英语中特别流行。

☐（田滨译，略有修订）

练习3

☐中国人和英国人有两点相似之处，喜欢妥协、尊重舆论。即使有矛盾冲突，也很难发展到短兵相见的地步。他们对待清朝末代皇帝就是一个例子。当西方国家改制为共和之后，被废黜

的君主往往是要掉脑袋的，至少也要流放国外。但中国人则为皇帝保留了皇帝的称号、华丽的宫殿、侍侯他的太监，以及每年几百万的年饷。他不过是一个16岁的少年，却能安居于紫禁城中。有一次内乱，还给他恢复了几天名义上的皇权，虽然不久又被废黜了，却没有因此而受到惩罚。

与其把中国视为一个政治实体，还不如把它视为文明实体——唯一从古代留存至今的文明。

从孔子时代以来，古埃及、巴比伦、波斯、马其顿以及罗马帝国都先后灭亡，只有中国通过不断进化，依然生存。虽然也受到诸如昔日的佛教、现在的科学的外来影响。但佛教并使中国人变成印度人；西方科学也没有使中国人改变成欧洲人。我曾经遇到过有些中国人，他们对西方知识的学问，不亚于我们的教授。但他们并没有因此而失去平衡，也没有失去与自己人民的联系。西方有的糟粕——暴力、骚乱，欺压弱小，沉迷物质追求，他们也视其为糟粕，而不予接纳。相反，对于西方的精华，尤其是科学，他们则渴望学习。

Drills 3.1

(1) crowd: 人群；mob: (常贬) 成群的暴徒

（2）praise: 称赞，赞扬，表扬，赞美，崇拜；boast：（贬）夸口，自夸，吹嘘，自吹自擂；（非贬）自豪，夸耀

（3）steadfast：（褒义）不动摇的，坚定不移的，忠实的，固定不动的；固定不变的；obstinate：顽固的，固执的；倔强的；顽强的，不屈服的，不让步的。

（4）deep dealings：不正当的交易；a deep scholar: 造诣深的学者

（5）childlike: (常褒) 孩子般的，单纯的，天真无邪的；childish:（贬）幼稚的，傻气的，不成熟的。（6）statesman: （通常褒义）政治家；politician: (贬义) 政客，善于玩弄权术者；（中性）政治家。（7）peasant:无教养的人，粗野的人，乡下人，土包子，大老粗；（现尤其用于指发展国家或从前的）农民，农夫，小农，雇农.

农民: （无贬义）在农村从事农业生产的劳动者。

（8）宣传：（无贬义）对群众说明讲解，使群众相信并跟随着行动。

Compromise: (中性，无消极意义)settling an argument or difference of opinion by each side agreeing to some of the demands of the other: 通过解决争执或分歧，互让了结，妥协，折中，和解。

妥协：（有时有消极意义）用让步的方法避免冲突或争执，如：“妥协投降”，“原则问题上不能妥协”等。

Dragon: an imaginary animal with wings and claws, able to breathe out fire; fierce person, esp. a woman

龙：中国古代传说中的神异动物，身体长，有鳞，有角，有脚，能走，能飞，能游泳，能兴云降雨；封建时代用龙作为帝王的象征，也把龙字用在帝王使用的东西上；比喻有褒义，如：“望子成龙”，“龙马精神”，“龙腾虎跃”，“龙的传人”等。

Goat:( (比喻贬义) a man who is very active sexually, 色鬼，色狼，淫荡的人，好色之徒

山羊：无贬褒意。

West wind:英国人对西风有好感，如英国著名诗人雪莱的名诗《西风颂》。

西风：（比喻贬义）日趋没落的腐朽势力，如李白的“西风残照”，毛泽东的“东风压倒西风”。（3）1. ①英雄的事迹是极为动人的。

②他捏造年龄。

③那张脸成这个模样，背后必有文章。

④真相大白。/水落石出。

⑤弥天大谎！我只字不信。

2. ①他是个固执的孩子，不会听他母亲的话。

②防御者顽强抵抗。

3. ①他们找到了爬山者的山间庇护所。

②持不同政见者在国外寻求政治避难。

4. 他是个极爱读书的人。（书呆子/书蛀虫）

5. 宪法规定的一切权利都授予了一个独夫。

Drills 3.2

4. ①它既不园，也不方。（形容词）

②车轮飞快地旋转。（副词）

③夜间门卫每小时巡回一周。（名词）

④地球绕太阳运转。（介词）

⑤这船绕过好望角。（动词）

⑥这次谈话发展成为一项计划。（动词）

5. 我用熨斗熨衣服。

6. 用这把发梳梳头吧。

7. 用白纸裱糊这些墙壁。

8. 你们必须用一艘大船运送这批货物。

9. 我点了灯，但灯光微弱。

10. 一瞬间，我有看见了一张图画。

11. 我看见他在锯木场用一把锯子在锯东西。

12. 愿望为思想之父。

13. “这么多苹果，你们要怎么办？”“我们尽量吃，吃不完就拿来着罐头。”

Drills 3.3

1.我愿意尽力来帮助你。

2.这种新型显像管的分辨率为800行。

3.从根本上说，一切权利属于人民。

4.枪杆子里面出政权。

5.中国有一点核武器，但中国绝不参加所谓核大国俱乐部。

6.陶瓷表面必须用20倍的双筒显微镜加以检验。

7.晶体管能以极快的速度和极小的功率由关的状态转到开的状态。

8.通讯设施的电源分系统应在电压与负荷受控制的情况下供电。

Drills 3.4

3. heavy (adj.)

A heavy rain 大雨heavy casualties 重大伤亡

A heavy load 重负 a heavy sea 迫逃汹涌的海面A heavy crop 丰收 a heavy buyer大主顾Heavy news 令人忧虑的消息 a heavy demand 苛求

A heavy note 大量的得票heavy sorrow 折磨人的悲哀

A heavy schedule 拍得很紧的日程表 a heavy thinker 思想深沉的人Heavy advertising 大登广告 a heavy politician 显要的政治家A heavy play 严肃的剧

This book is heavy reading. 这本书读起来枯燥乏味。

4. Good (adj.)

Good manners 得体的举止

A good king 公正的国王

A good Catholic 虔诚的天主教徒

Good soil 肥沃的土壤

A good hour 整整一个小时

Good humor 愉快的心情

Good living 讲究吃喝的生活

Good eggs 新鲜的鸡蛋

A good debt 有把握回收的债

A good question 不易回答的问题；难以立即回答的问题

Good sense 正确的判断力

A good eater and a good sleeper 能吃能睡的人

5. 为了得到大量的水力，我们需要高水压和强水流。

6. 简单地说，长而细的导线电阻大，短而粗的导线电阻小。

7. 这个国家那时正在恢复自己的本来面貌，既从自己的错误中吸取教训，又从敌人那里得到借鉴。

8. 陈列的商品价廉物美。

9. 他们俘获了五十名敌军，还缴获了许多武器。

Drills 3.5a

1. ①采用文言词语和句法结构，典雅畅达，效果毕肖，“文体如之”，追求神似、形似。

2. ①接近原文的口语体。

3. ②接近原文退休工人对小儿子说话的身份、口气、言辞和口语体。

4. ②较文雅，含蓄。

Drills 3.5b

5. 崇高莫过于为国牺牲。/为国捐躯，至高无上。/没有比为国牺牲更崇高的了。

6. 译者之麻烦与困惑，莫过于翻译社会科学与自然科学之专门术语。/没有比翻译社会科学与自然科

7. 学之专门术语更多的麻烦与困惑了。/最使译者感到头痛（伤脑筋）的是翻译社会科学与自然科学之专门术语。

8. “时间不等人”，这话一点也不假。/“时不我待”，确是至理名言。

9. 这件事没有什么奇怪的。/这件事没有什么可大惊小怪的。/此事不足为奇。

10. 没法子。/没法补救了。/无可奈何。

11. 那正是中秋节的时候。/时值中秋佳节。

12. 我整夜没睡。到了第二天，我既想见她，又怕见她。我想再听听她的的声音，但怕看到她的眼睛。/彻夜未眠（整夜未曾合眼）。次日，我想见她，又怕见她：想再听听她的的声音，但怕看到她的眼睛。悲莫悲兮生别离，乐莫乐兮结新知。

13. 因为想念你，我变老乐。/思君催人老。

14. 我天天抗重货，干得倒挺快活。

15. 沉溺于希望的幻想之中乃是人之常情。

16. 中国人死都不怕，还怕困难么？民不畏死，奈何以死惧之？

17. 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？/严冬如来时，阳春宁尚迢遥？（郭沫若译）

广外翻译专业英译汉练习(附参考译文)：hate

Hate Suddenly the war was over, and Hitler was captured and brought to Amsterdam. A military tribunal condemned him to death. But how should he die? To shoot or hang him seemed too quick, too merciful. Then someone uttered what was in everybody’s mind: th e man who caused such incredible suffering should be burned to death. “But,” objected one judge, “our biggest public square in Amsterdam holds 10,000 people, and 7,000,000 Dutch men, women and children will want to be there to curse him during his dying m oments.” Then another judge had an idea. Hitler should be burned at the stake, but the wood was to be ignited by the explosion of a handful of gunpowder set off by a long fuse which should start in Rotterdam and follow the main road to Amsterdam by way of Delft, The Hague, Leiden and Haarlem.Thus millions of people crowding the wide avenues which connect those cities could watch the fuse burn its way northward to Herr Hitler’s funeral pyre. A plebiscite was taken as to whether this was fitting punishment. There was 4, 981, 076 yeas and one nay. The nay was voted by a man who preferred that Hitler be pulled to pieces by four horses. At last the great day came. The ceremony commenced at four o’clock on a June morning. The mother of three sons who had been shot by the Nazis for an act of sabotage they did not commit set fire to the fuse while choir sang a solemn hymn of gratitude. Then the people burst forth into a shout of triumph. The spark slowly made its way from Rotterdam to Delft, and on toward the great square in Amsterdam. People had come from every part of the country. Special seats had been provided for the aged and the lame and the relatives of the murdered hostages. Hitler, clad in a long yellow shirt, had been chained to the stake. He preserved a stoical silence until a little boy climbed upon the pile of wood surrounding the former Fuhrer and placed there a placard which read, “This is the world’s great est murderer.” This so aggravated Hitler’s pent-up feeling that he burst into one of his old harangues. The crowd gaped, for it was grotesque sight to see this little man ranting away just as if he were addressing his followers. Then a terrific howl of derision silenced him. Now came the great moment of the day. About three o’clock in the afternoo n the spark reached the outskirts of Amsterdam. Suddenly there was a roll of drums. Then, with an emotion such as they had never experienced before, the people sang the Willhelmus, the national anthem. Hitler, now ashen-gray, futilely strained at his chains. When the Willhelmus came to an end, the spark was only a few feet from the gunpowder; five more minutes, Hitler would die a horrible death. The crowd broke forth to a shout of hate. A minute went by. Another minute. Silence returned. Now the fuse had only a few inches to go. And at the moment the incredible happened. A wizened little man wriggled through the line of soldiers standing guard. Everybody knew who he was. Two of his sons had been machine-gunned to death by the parachute troops; his wife and three daughters had perished in Rotterdam’s holocaust. Since then, the poor fellow had seemed deprived of reason, wandering aimlessly about and supported by public charity --- an object of universal pity. But what he did now made the crowd turn white with anger. For he deliberately stamped

广外翻译专业英译汉练习3(附参考译文)Golden Fruit

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He was a man of fifty, and some, seeing that he had gone both bald and grey, thought he looked older. But the first physical impression was deceptive. He was tall and thick about the body, with something of a paunch, but he was also small-boned, active, light on his feet. In the same way, his head was massive, his forehead high and broad between the fringes of fair hair; but no one’s face changed its expression quicker, and his smile was brilliant. Behind the thick lenses, his eyes were small and intensely bright, the eyes of a young and lively man. At a first glance, people might think he looked a senator. It did not take them long to discover how mercurial he was. His temper was as quick as his smile; in everything he did his nerves seemed on the face. In fact, people forgot all about the senator and began to complain that sympathy and emotion flowed too easily. Many of them disliked his love of display. Yet they were affected by the depth of his feeling. Nearly everyone recognized that, though it took some insight to perceive that he was not only a man of deep feeling, but also one of passionate pride. 他五十岁，头秃了，头发也花白了，人们觉得他不止五十岁。但他给人的第一印象很迷惑。他又高又壮，肚子微凸，可是他骨架小，敏捷且步履轻盈。同时，他的头很大，两鬓间的额头又高又宽，而神情变化比任何人都快，笑起来很灿烂。厚镜片后是他那双小眼睛，格外明亮，年轻充满活力。乍一看，人们以为他是个参议员。人们很快发现他很善变，喜怒无常，瞬息万变。所做之事，牵动的神经都在脸上展露无遗。事实上，人们不记得什么参议员，反而怪他同情心泛滥，情绪易于波动。许多人都不喜欢他表露爱，却被他的深情感染。话虽如此，几乎有点洞察力的人都会觉察到他不仅深情，而且还有强烈的自尊心。

英译汉

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