高考英语听力理解题的命题特点和训练策略

英语听力部分在高考试卷中占着举足轻重的地位，但是目前考生对听力考试往往不知所措，感到紧张，考生在英语考试中听力失分比较严重。如何使学生从容应对高考听力、突破听力难关呢？现在笔者就根据自己的一线教学经验来谈一谈高考听力理解题的命题特点及应试策略，以增强学生学好英语的信心。

一、高考英语听力测试的命题特点

１．高考听力的语速约每分钟１１０￣１２０个单词，其内容大都是浅显易懂的文字与简单的句子结构，语速适中，题目难度中等。

２．听力材料着重于英语交际能力的考查，来源于日常生活，含有明显的语境和口语特征，基本形式包括会话、新闻报道、独白等。

３．英语听力的主要考点有：理解主旨和大意；获得具体的、事实性的信息；对所听内容作出推理判断；理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

二、听力能力的培养策略

１．进行科学的听力训练。听力训练是一个循序渐进的过程，这就要求教师在对学生进行听力训练的过程中要分阶段按不同的要求训练学生，目标明确，内容由浅入深，语速由慢变快，针对不同阶段的目标和重点有的放矢，针对各个题型逐个突破。比如，在语言训练的初级阶段，教师可以选择由英美人士朗读的语速较缓的语言材料进行训练，教师可以稍作解释，并让学生重复跟读。随着学生听力能力的提高可以逐步加大材料的速度、难度，并适时提高听力要求。

２．掌握正确的语音语调。语音是语言的外壳，语音语调的正确性决定语言学习者的辨音能力，从而影响学生的听力效果。所以教师应该指导学生正确地读、听所学单词的发音，掌握连读、弱读、失去爆破及意群停顿等语音现象，熟悉《普通高中英语课程标准》中规定的交际话题及相关的日常用语。

３．听力训练融于日常的课堂教学中。此外，教师还应把听力能力的培养融于正常的课堂教学中，听力训练不可能简单地理解为每节课或每天都让学生听录音磁带或听ＣＤ光盘，它应该是日有所积，月有所累，而课堂教学不仅弥补了时间和环境的限制，而且避免了听力训练中为听而听的单一性，可以充分调动学生学习英语的兴趣和积极性。所以，在课堂教学中教师应该尽量用英语组织课堂教学，鼓励学生用英语回答问题、进行课堂讨论等，在潜移默化中提高学生的听力水平。

４．加强听力技巧的训练和强化。教师应该引导学生掌握必要的听力技能，并对此进行针对性训练，如：考前快速扫视问题及选项并根据所读内容预测可能听到的话题的能力；速记能力；根据上下文全面理解和捕捉关键信息的能力；根据会话人的语音语调揣测读者的态度和意图的能力等。这些必要的技巧需要在平时的训练中进行不断地强化，以达到熟能生巧的效果。

三、听力测试的应对策略

１．调整心理，稳定情绪，进入状态。听力测试处于整套试题的开始，所以良好的心理素质也是正确答题的关键，如果学生过于紧张乃至产生恐惧心理势必会影响听力水平的正常发挥。在听力考试之前最好做几次深呼吸或通过检查自己的文具等放松情绪，转移自己的注意力，使自己处于平静状态。

２．快速浏览试题，积极预测听力材料。要充分利用听力前的几分钟时间以及每小题的空隙时间、答完每道题目后剩余的时间来抢读试卷上的问题和选项，对可能听到的材料进行大胆的预测和想象，这样就能带着问题去听，做到有的放矢，心中有数，从而提高答题的准确性，甚至有些题目仅根据上下文联系或常识就可以选出正确选项。

３．重视整体理解，把握关键信息。捕捉信息重点是听力测试的重要一环，不少人听力不好的原因就是听录音时抓不住重点，只是盲目地逐字逐句地听，这样容易产生眉毛胡子一把抓的现象。听听力时重点应该放在实词上，注意力要放在与问题相关的信息词上，譬如：ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｂｕｔ，ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ，ｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒａｒｙ等，这些词后边的内容往往就可能是要被考查的内容，所以要认真把握这些单词或短语后面的信息。目前高考听力测试全国卷和大部分省市都采用客观选择式，共分为两小节，第一节的对话题的答案或主要信息一般都在第二个人的答语中，对于后边的材料题大部分都是考查细节信息，只要做到整体理解、抓住关键词就能够找出正确选项，毕竟听力题所提供的对话或独白中很多的信息与解题无关。

４．结合语境、读者的语音语调推断读者的意图、态度。高考毕竟是一个选拔性考试，在材料和设项上肯定有一定的区分度和难度，这就要求我们在听力测试过程中遇到听不懂或理解不是很透彻的材料时要根据读者的重音、语调、语气来判断他们的态度，如生气、高兴、吃惊、期待、悲伤等。

高考英语听力理解题的命题特点和训练策略

李玉民

（浙江省苍南县江南高级中学，浙江苍南３２５８０４）

摘要：英语听力部分在高考试卷中占着举足轻重的地位，但是考生在考试中听力失分比较严重。本文主要谈高

考听力理解题的命题特点及应试策略，以增强学生学好英语的信心。

关键词：高考；英语听力；培养策略；应对策略

【检测评价】

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