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英汉互译中的汉语四字结构

英汉互译中的汉语四字结构
英汉互译中的汉语四字结构

龙源期刊网 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2314029373.html,

英汉互译中的汉语四字结构

作者:胡海涛彭贝妮

来源:《科技视界》2015年第09期

【摘要】汉语中的四字结构言简意赅,生动形象,比一般词语有着更强的表现力,是人

们喜欢用的一种精粹的语言材料。无论是汉译英中的四字结构的英译,还是英译汉中对四字结构的使用,都应遵循“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准。

【关键词】英汉互译;四字结构;忠实、通顺;翻译标准

在汉语写作的作品和用汉语翻译的作品中,我们会发现四字结构的运用很广泛。这是因为四字结构的适当运用会使文章更加形象生动、简明有力、寓意深刻;读起来也铿锵有力,顺口悦耳,从形式上看,它整齐匀称,文字流畅。使人读后印象会更加深刻。

四字结构通常指汉语中常用到的成语,也包括自行组合成通顺合理的四字结构,那么在英汉互译中如何处理对它的翻译呢?

我们知道,四字结构特别是成语与中华民族的地理环境、历史背景、风俗习惯、思维方式、经济生活及语言特色等密切相关,具有显著的民族性,文化内涵及其丰富。所以在翻译中要特别注意,以免引起读者的误解。

在汉译英中,如果译文不违背语言规范,又不会引起读者的误解时,尽可使用直译法,这样就可以保留原文的形象、修辞特色和民族特色。例如:“忍气吞声”可直译为“swallow his anger and hold his tongue”。由于汉英文化也有相通之处,所以在某些情况下也可直接借用一些含义相同、形象一致的英语习语。例如:“趁热打铁strike while the iron is hot”。但要特别注意的一点是由于生活习惯或思维方式等不同,许多英语习语虽与汉语成语有相同或相似的形象或比喻,但含义却不同,在翻译时,就不能简单的借用。例如:“同舟共济”就不能直接译为“to be in the same boat”,因为前者在汉语中含有积极意义,而后者却是有着消极含义的一个习

语。

有的成语源出历史故事或寓言故事,但沿用已久,失去了原来的故事性;有的成语的形象变得不再新鲜生动,人们在使用时只用其喻义;有的成语如直译后会显得生硬、拖沓。在这些情况下,就可以运用意译法。如“滥竽充数”(to make up the number),“名落孙山”(fail),“旗鼓相当”(well-matched)等。

在很多情况下,为了达到既保留原文形象,又能使译文畅达的效果,经常使用直译兼意译的方法。如“斩草除根”(pluck up the evil by the roots)。还有的成语为了音韵整齐而使用两组同义词,在翻译这种成语时,不必亦步亦趋,译出一组的意思就可以了。如“油嘴滑舌”(glib tongue),“捕风捉影”(catch at shadows),“狼吞虎咽”(wolf something down)等。

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