大学英语第四册课后答案全集

课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4)

Unit 1

享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？

1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一

样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢?

2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些

学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。

3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像

刚听我读了天气预报一样呢?显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的

人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。

4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通

常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩——我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种好感是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母。当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗得外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。”

5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫(即背景)，接下来是

主干部分(即故事情节)，随后便是妙语(即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾)。如果这

个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。

6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑

话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。

7 “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打

闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的夫人是谁?”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么夫人，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位夫人，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。

8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。

9 “文字游戏”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：“这是Wembley(温布利)吗?” “不，”第二位绅士说：“是Thursday(星期

四)。”“我也是，”第三位说道，“让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。”我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley(温布利)听成了Wednesday(星期三)，把17hursday(星期

四)听成了thirsty(渴了)，这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。

10著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位文字游戏大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一

位老师说：“你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业?”那位年轻的学生回答道：“我没有一

字不改地抄。我把作业上的名字改成自己的了。”在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里，一位生气

的父亲问道：“告诉我，l加2等于几?”儿子说：“我不知道。”这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道：“比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个，傻瓜?”儿子得意地回答

道：“是三个傻瓜。”这些故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演员说还是由

搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实

生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。

11 双关语是一种更微妙的文字游戏。它使用的技巧是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不

同意思。有些批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这种观点。双关语与其他形

式的幽默相比需要更细微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至很小的孩子也能

利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多地是

用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。

一个人问：“什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的?”另外一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：“我不猜了。是什么呀?”出谜语的人回答：“是报纸。”如果你知道在英语中“red (红色)”和“read(读)”的读音一样但意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。

12 D0UBLE ENTENDRES(法语中的“一语双关”)是双关语的特殊形式，其中的词或

短语有双重意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另一个往往比较粗俗——但并

不总是这样。我喜欢那个关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场上接吻而感到担

心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教师对学生们说：“我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场上接吻。”听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清楚，于是补充说：“我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子底下发生接吻这样的事了。”当然，这个解释并没有纠正她的第一句话，反

而使这个笑话的双重含义变得更加好笑。

13一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏智慧，不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过

多使用有色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺乏创造性。的确，现在有些幽

默令人震惊，但我认为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的，它还会继续生存下

去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发生。一些有幽默感的人会看到、听到这些有趣的事情，

并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故事。

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1．Understanding the Organization of the Text

Para．1-3

Humor is universa1，but people’s sense of humor varies．

Para．4．

Even animals have a sense of humor．The author’s dog is a good example．Para．5

The typical three parts of a joke：1)setup，2)body，3)punch line．

Para．6—12

Different forms of humor:1) slap-stick,2) Chinese cross-talk,3) a play on words,4)puns and double entendres

Para.13

Humor will persist even though some professional humorists think today’s h umor is not very intelligent or sophisticated．

2．Understanding Specific Information

1)B 2)D 3)C 4)A 5)C 6)A 7)A 8)D 9)B 10)B

3．Explaining the Difference

I think there are several factors that lead to the different responses ，such as one’s pe rsonality, knowledge of the world，cultural backgrounds，etc．Some people are more sensitive to humor．They like to laugh，and they enjoy jokes．They are more imaginative．After heating a joke，they will use their imagination to make the joke more laughable．Some people，because of their limited cultural backgrounds，can’t understand the joke well．Or ,they don’t think it amusing because they don’t have the right knowledge．It’S not because they are not sensitive to humor, but because they don’t understand very well．Another barrier ,I think，is the language．Some—times when a foreign teacher tells a joke，the students cannot understand it because of some difficult words．

4．Analyzing Jokes

JOKE ONE：

【One day a visitor from the city came to a small rural area to drive around on the country roads，see how the farms looked，and perhaps to see how farmers earned a living．(SETUP)】[The city man saw a farmer in his yard，holding a pig up in his hands，and lifting it so that the pig could eat apples from an apple tree．The city ma n said to the farmer,‘‘I see that your pig likes apples，but isn’t that quite a waste of time?”(BODY)】【The farmer replied，“What’s time to a pig?”(PUNCH LINE)】

JOKE TWO ：

[One absent—minded professor approached the edge of a wide river，and far across on the other side he saw another absent—minded professor．(SETUP)】[The first man called out loudly，“Hello ! How do I get to the other side of the river?”(BODY)]【The second man on the far side of the river shouted back，“Hello! You are already on the other side of the river．”(PUNCHUNE)】

5.Making Your Comments

Samples：

--I agree with it，because people enjoy laughter．Humorous people know that laughter is the best medicine．They don’t mind insults if you can make them laugh．In fact，this kind of insult is not insult in its real sense because when people are trying to make others laugh the focus is on the fun they Call enjoy，not on insulting them．People need self-mockery to survive，to let out anger, and to get out of difficult or embarrassing situations．I don’t mind being joked about．Life should be filled with laughter．How boring the world would be if every body was serious and humorless．

--I don’t agree with it．Dignity is the most important thing．1 wouldn’t allow anyone to insult me even if they made me laugh．As a matter of fact, they wouldn’t be able to make me laugh if they are insulting me．When people are getting together, friendliness and harmony are the priorities．How can people stay together if they are likely to be insulted or laughed at ? I enjoy jokes，but I think some jokes go too far and they hurt people．

Vocabulary

1．1)A．entertaining B．entertainment C．entertained D．entertainer

2)A．recognizable B．recognized C．recognition

3)A．tempting B．temptation C．tempt

4)A．reasoned B．reasoning C．reasonable D．reason

5)A．analyzed B．analytical C．analyst D．analysis

6)A．valuable B．valuation C．valued／values D．values

7)A．humorist B．humor C．humorous D．humorless

8) A．understandable B．understanding C．understand D．misunderstood 2．1)a sense of responsibility 2)a sense of safety／security

3)a sense of inferiority 4)a sense of superiority

5)a sense of rhythm 6)a sense of justice

7)a sense of shame 8)a sense of helplessness

9) a sense of direction 10)a sense of urgency

3．1)Lively behavior is normal 2)Fast cars appeal to

3) diverse arguments 4)I asked my boss for clarification

5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement

7) made fun of him 8)persists in his opinion／viewpoint

9) to be the focus／center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4．1)certain／sure 2)involved 3)end 4)behavior 5)disciplining

6)agreed 7)individually 8)first 9)response 10)question

11)attempt 12)voice 13)directly 14)followed 15)trouble

After class reading

课外阅读参考译文

致命诱惑

1 英国离奇谋杀案小说的女皇，毫无疑问是阿加莎·克里斯蒂。虽然作者本人在20多年前就去世了，但她创作的78部侦探小说还是非常畅销。它们已经被译成了100多种语言，销

量超过了20亿册。

2 阿加莎的小说无论是在英国还是在其他国家，都如此受人喜爱并不难理解。她的每本

书都构思精巧。她创造的人物一眼就能辨认出，情节的发展非常规范、准确、流畅。但最重要的是，她所有的故事都给读者一个谜团。

3 克里斯蒂的作品几乎都是以谋杀开场，迫使读者提出这样一个问题：“是谁干的?”，而最后总是水落石出。读者的乐趣就在于根据故事里隐含的线索顺藤摸瓜，试图在作者揭开谜底之前找到正确答案。这种模式吸引了人类最强烈的本能——好奇心——而人们对这种模式欢迎的程度没有任何减弱的迹象。

4 很多离奇的案子都是由克里斯蒂笔下某个常常出场的侦探破解，例如那个非常自信的

比利时人埃居尔·波洛探长，或者是那个显然没有恶意的小老太太马普尔小姐。她同时也为她的故事创造了一个特有的背景，这一背景，如同她创作的一些人物一样为人们所熟知。那是处于两次世界大战之间的英国，那儿的小村庄里社区关系紧密，生活安静，或者是城里的阔佬们在乡下的豪宅里度周末。

5 这个世界有着严格的社会等级制度。乡下宅子的主人，很可能是贵族成员，占据着社

会的顶层，然后是那些职业阶层：医生、律师和商人。处于底层的则是一般民众，在书中通常作为仆从、厨师和园丁出场。当谋杀案发生时，需要调查的嫌疑人不在少数。

6 阿加莎-克里斯蒂的世界不是一个完全真实的世界，这就是她的作品还没有过时的原

因之一。这是一个安定、循规蹈矩的世界，然后谋杀案打乱了人们的正常生活。必须侦破案件，抓住杀人犯，恢复宁静的生活。

7 在阿加莎·克里斯蒂一生的大部分时问里，英国的杀人犯都被处以死刑。因此，她作

品中的谋杀案一旦破获，找出了杀人犯，那么他或者她的末日也就到了。不会有未了结的事情，读者于是就可以高枕无忧了。

8 当然，在真实的世界里，事情并非完全如此。罪犯会逍遥法外，法律会伤及无辜，审

判不公时有发生。简单地说，真实世界并不是一个安全的地方。正因为如此，才会有这么多的读者喜欢逃避现实，埋头于一本老式的、结局完全可预测的侦探小说。

9 阿加莎·克里斯蒂所著的侦探小说当然可谓风格陈旧。当代描写破案的作家几乎没人

再写这样的作品了。现代的侦探小说在道德上和心理上都更趋复杂，经常在“是谁干的?”之外再加上“为什么这样干?”这个问题。现代作家更感兴趣的是了解罪犯的心理

和杀人动机。他们所探讨的犯罪世界比阿加莎·克里斯蒂所能想象的要黑暗得多。当代的破案小说不仅不能给读者带来慰藉，反而使他们感到不安。

10但是对于这种美国人称之为“舒适型”的侦探小说流派，英国人依旧十分喜爱。谋杀

故事仍被看作是一种消遣娱乐，而且电视节目表里也充斥着那些以杀人犯肯定被捕而告终的侦探剧。

11从酒店提供的“周末谋杀奇案”活动也可以看出侦探小说有多么流行。客人们扮演那

些经典侦探小说中的嫌疑人，用一个周末的时间来找出他们中的哪一个是“杀人犯”。或者举办“谋杀案侦破晚宴”：一群朋友聚在一起，在餐桌上利用预先准备好的关于人物性格和行踪的线索破解一桩疑案。如果餐桌上的谋杀案提不起你的兴趣，还有各种各样的棋盘游戏和计算机游戏来测试你的侦探能力。

12但是有些人会沉迷于此无法自拔。 (例如，)所有小说里最有名的侦探也许是舍洛克·福尔摩斯，他的住所是“伦敦贝克街22lB号”。现在仍有信件寄到那里，要求他帮助解决各种各样的迷案。因为有如此多的信件寄给这位大侦探，现在使用该处的公司雇用了一个人，专门回复这些信件。

13只要人类还有好奇心，那么毫无疑问，各种各样的侦探小说就会继续发挥它致命的诱

惑力。

Passage II

哇噢，真希望我也能那样

l 16岁的时候我开始喜欢上了杂耍。我在一个电视广告中看到两个人开始玩杂耍，把冻

橘子汁罐头抛来抛去。

2 哇噢，我真希望自己也能那样做!我想象着自己在表演，面前的观众在鼓掌。

3 真是异想天开。即便我会杂耍，站在观众面前的时候我也会被吓死的。但是后来发生

了一件奇妙的巧事，使人觉得自己的祈祷得到了回应——甚至在你还没有真正祈祷的时候就得到回应了。几天之后，我哥哥杰夫和我正在朋友那里作客，有个和我同岁的男孩说：“嘿，你该看看我哥哥学会的本事。”他带我到他哥哥的房间，他哥哥正在教杰夫怎么耍高尔夫球。

4 “我也想学，”我说。

5 没有多久我就着迷了。虽然最初我经常接不住球，但我很快就会了，连我自己都感到

惊讶。最初，我只能把一个球抛到空中，用另一只手去接住。然后我试着抛两个球，每只手抛出一个，让它们在空中交叉。

6 终于我可以抛三个球了。做法很简单：我右手拿两个高尔夫球，左手拿一个。我用右

手将一个球抛到空中，等它到达弧线的最高点，就把左手的球抛起来，以便这两个球互相交叉。在那只球落下之前，我把留在右手里的那只球抛到空中。我反反复复地接球，抛球。如果掉了一个球，我就重新开始。到了那天傍晚的时候，我就能抛10次而不掉一个球了。

7 这是一种挑战，我必须使自己的技术尽善尽美。第二天我找来三个网球，在车库里练

了起来，直到我可以连续抛球20次而不掉球。我拼命地练呀练呀。我想做得像电视里的人一样出色。

8 随着我技术的进步，我开始加上花样：抛球时让一个经过其他球的上方，或者经过其

他球的下方；或者我让一个球弹在我的头上或者臂肘上，并继续按原来的方式抛球。

9 可笑的是，我以为是我自己创造了那些花样。然而有一天我在图书馆发现了一本关于

杂耍的书，所有我玩的花样，里面都有!三个球的基本花样叫层叠，将球抛成一个圆圈叫

簇旋，将一只球抛得最高叫半簇旋。

10我买了一套杂耍棒，我的父母为我买了一套杂耍圈。我给家人和一些朋友表演，可是

我从没有把自己当作一个演员。那样的话就意味着在一群观众面前站起来。不可能!我可

做不到这一点。

1l五年之后，当我21岁时，在圣诞节期间的一天，母亲把我叫到一边说：“丹，你愿不愿意给今年的救世军聚餐会表演杂耍?”在过去的两年里母亲和她的老板一直在给一年一

度的聚餐会帮忙。

12 “还有其他节目呢，”她急忙补充了一句。“你只要在吃饭的时候，站在会堂的一边表演杂耍就行了。”

13圣诞节的前两天，当人群涌入会堂的时候，我就在那儿，在会堂一边的一个小舞台上

表演杂耍。我很紧张，但不知为什么，那紧张也给了我勇气。我开始耍花样，包括我刚刚

掌握的：在我的背后去玩杂耍。然后我耍起了杂耍棒，最后耍起了一个保龄球和两个小

球。孩子们拥在舞台周围，哈哈大笑。人们鼓掌喝彩。

14突然间，我感受到了一种从未有过的得意洋洋的感觉。我在为观众表演，而且他们喜

欢看!

15我继续在家中练习。我开始耍雪茄盒、刀和火把。当我的一个叔叔把他的独轮车送给

我的时候，我学会了一边骑车一边杂耍。

16我开始考虑成为一个职业杂耍演员。我知道仅仅耍花样是不够的；我得能说会道，能

讲笑话等等。书上就是这么说的。于是我为之祈祷。当又在全家面前表演杂耍的时候，我加上了些笑话。我希望先在自己家人面前试试这一套，这样会让我在观众面前做同样事情

的时候更放松些。

17我的机会很快就来了。我被邀请到一个波利尼西亚主题的时装展示会上表演耍火把。

我光着脚，赤裸着上身，穿着傻乎乎的短裤，脸上画着黑色条纹。我正要上台，有人给了我一个写着通知的单子。“请在你的节目表演完之后念一下，”晚会的女主持人说。打退堂鼓已经来不及了。

18我从没这么紧张过!我有三次没有接住火把!可是我不想让观众看出我有多么紧张，

便尽量使我的失误看起来是节目安排的一部分。我发疯般地跳舞，在火把上跨来跨去，发出丛林里的声音，直到我可以把它们捡起来继续杂耍表演。人们鼓掌喝彩。他们喜欢我的节目。我也总算念完了那些通知。

19过了一个月，我接到一个当地小学校长的电话。一个老演员请了病假，我能否接替他

表演，并且寓教于乐?“没问题，”我答道。

20三个星期后，我站在两百来个热切的孩子面前。我用自己学习杂耍的经历为例，给他

们讲道理。当我开始表演杂耍的时候，我故意把球掉在地上。我把它们捡起来，又让它们落在地上。

21“开始的时候都是这样，”我说。可是，随着节目的进展，我的花样也变得越来越多。我骑着独轮车耍球，我躺着耍球，慢慢站起来而又不让一个球掉下去。

22 45分钟以后，我给了孩子们一句忠告，作为节目的结束语：“不论是杂耍还是别的，如果你们想成功，就必须不断地努力。你们能做到，只是永远不能放弃。”

FURTHER 0IEVELOPMIENT

1.Enriching Your word Power

1)B 2)A 3)B 4)A 5)A 6)C 7)B 8)C 9)B 10)A 11)C 12)C

Racking Your Brains

L) Camel 2) Your age 3) A towel 4) A peacock

5) A candle 6) Have someone throw it to you．

Part four

Translation Practice

这位上了年纪而从未结过婚的英国女士，在1930年第一次出现在小说《牧师住宅的谋杀案》中时，年纪大约在65~070岁之间。在长达41年多的时间里，她出现在12部长篇小说、20篇短篇小说中——最后一次破案时她已经很老了。

从外表上看，马普尔小姐高高瘦瘦，面色红润而布满皱纹，有着一双淡蓝色的眼睛，雪白的头发在头上盘成老式的发髻。她的外表看上去不会给任何人造成伤害。再加上她那漫无边际的闲谈以及永远都在身边的毛线针，她常常会引起人们的误解，把她仅仅看成是一位“犹犹豫豫的老女人”。那可真是小看了她。那些真正了解她的人都明白，她是敏锐的人类本性观察者，而且“不可思议地总是正确的”。

虽然马普尔小姐一生都生活在看上去枯燥乏味的圣玛丽牧场，她却相当老到地明白并接受“我们周围尽是邪恶”这个事实。就像她经常指出的那样，大城市能找到的人性特征和邪恶，在她住的村子及周边也都能找到。于是，她的破案方式就是找出圣玛丽牧场和外面世界在生活和人物方面的相似之处。

Writing

MY Favorite Pastime

Sample 1：

My favorite pastime is writing．You may not think it is a pastime．But to me it is，because it is a form of relaxation that takes my mind away from other things when I feel tired．

I began to like writing when 1 was a pupil in primary schoo1 ．I was imaginative and created many interesting stories at that time．When I told my stories to my friends on our way home from school，they enjoyed them．Then telling a story 1 wrote on the way back home soon became my regular practice．That made me really happy．I had never thought of writing as entertainment before．Sometimes 1 wrote down my stories and passed them around among my classmates．

When 1 was in high school，I began to like poems．This was because of the influence of my best friend．She liked poems very much，so gradually I learned to appreciate poems．When I am writing poems，I can concentrate for a long time，totally losing myself．No matter whether I am happy or sad I start writing poems to express myself．

Let me tell you a little secret．Now I’m writing a science fiction about time travel．I’m sure it is original and interesting．However，writing definitely takes time，and how I wish I could have more time to pursue this hobby．I may not become a professional writer，but I will always enjoy writing．

(238words) Sample 2：

I usually spend my leisure time on various things such as watching TV,reading，swimming and playing table tennis．But if you ask me what’s my favorite pastime，1 would definitely say that it is playing computer games．

I like computer games and surfing on the Internet．Many people believe playing computer games is harmful to one’s health，especially to the eyes．But I don’t quite agree．I think playing computer games benefits me．First，as a way of relaxation，it also gives me a sense of accomplishment．Secondly，I gain a lot of knowledge I cannot find in textbooks．For instance，when I played Civilization II，I began to realize the importance of science，because it was impossible to defeat the enemy in the game if you didn’t develop science．Finally and most importantly，I have to use an English—Chinese dictionary from time to time because most of the games are in English．So the more games I play，the greater progress I make in English．The games are entertaining and instructive．

I also like surfing on the Internet．There is a huge amount of information there．It has become more and more popular and important．It is said that those who control the Internet will conquer the world in the future．That is perhaps an illusion but I want to be a master of the future·

In a word，I like playing with my computer very much．It appeals to my curiosity and my desire to escape from the limited world of my room．

(255words) Sample 1：

Many people are often very busy with various things at work or at home so they have no time for entertainment．But this is really bad for one’S health．So we should make an effort to look form relaxation．A proverb says，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy．’’

People in different regions may have different forms of activities．In China one of the most popular activities is traveling，especially going to the remote

areas which are not seriously polluted. These isolated locations appeal to travelers who want to get close tO nature because they are tired of stressful city life．

Other people who can afford neither the time nor the money for travel will stay at home，watching TV , going to the movies or concerts，or inviting some friends over for a party·Children like to go to the park，play computer games，and participate in sports．Young women like to go shopping while young men prefer to stay at home，watching TV and drinking tea.

The popularity of pastimes varies according to age，sex，personality and financial situations. Whatever one’s pastime is。I’m sure that after it he or she will feel relaxed，more refreshed and ready to start a new day’s work．Pastimes offer a way to take one's mind away from the stresses of everyday life．

(220words) Sample 2：

Nowadays leisure activities are popular not only with wealthy people but also with people with low incomes．There are entertainment pages in the newspapers that give information on how you can spend your leisure time．Different people prefer different types of entertainment depending on the season，theft personality and income．Some people like to spend their leisure time relaxing indoors，pursuing their hobbies．Others look for outdoor relaxation．

In the spring when it is warm，nature becomes more and more beautiful with trees and grass turning green and flowers blossoming．It is a good time for people to go sightseeing，boating，and picnicking．In summer,it is too hot outdoors，SO they like to stay at home，enjoying cold watermelon or ice cream． People who like reading will go to the library instead of visiting scenic spots．For them，books are everything．They’d l ike to bury their heads in books，ignoring everything else．Contrary to these people，there are always individuals who require more exciting activities like rock climbing，bungee jumping，ballooning and SO on．These attractions appeal to the sense of adventure that is typical of them．

(190 words) Unit 2

课内阅读参考译文

便笺的力量

l 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙彼利埃(俄亥俄州)的((企业导报》工作，当时我很少收

到体育迷的来信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸引住了。

2 打开来信，我看到了下面的话：“关于老虎队的述评很不错，再接再厉。”签名的是体育编辑堂·沃尔夫。当时我只有十几岁(为每一竖栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美

分)，因此他的话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉里，后来它的边角都卷

起来了。每当我怀疑自己不是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起信心来。

3 后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成

的习惯。他告诉我说：“当我使别人充满信心时，自己也感觉好极了。”

4 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75岁。

电话与悼函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励(文字)的人们。

5 多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话

语，因为我觉得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷漠、无动于衷的世界上，

这种便笺给人们带来了温暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几行赞扬的话会

改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。

6 那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若晨星呢?我猜想很多人回避写，是因为

他们太看重人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们自作多情或者言不由衷。还

有，写也要花时间，远不如打电话方便。

7 当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍

贵。便笺是白纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反复阅读，细细品味并珍藏

起来。

8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的人也在这么做，其中包括乔治·布什。

有人说，他政治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备写字的笔。这是怎么回事

呢?在他整个职业生涯中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信，内容亲切——一

句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相逢的

人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊

讶。

9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。

甚至这些人也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。唐纳德·彼得森，福特公司

的前主席，把每天写便笺鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在20世纪80年代时走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。“我只不过匆匆地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后传递出去，”他说道。“每天最重要的一段时间，就是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。”

10“太多的时候，”他说，“那些我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们的。太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢?我们忘了，

人类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个取得进步，获得成功!”

ll怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢?只需要我们愿意表达我们的赏识。写这种

便笺的高手都具有我所谓的“4 S”技巧。

12 1)真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。

13 2)简短(shon)。如果不能用三句话表达出你的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。

14 3)具体(specmc)。赞扬一位业务伙伴“演讲精彩”太笼统含糊；告诉他“关于沃伦·

巴菲特的投资策略讲得很精彩”才是一语中的。

15 4)自然(spontaneous)。这使得便笺充满了生气，洋溢着热情，并使读者的心灵长久地

感受这种生气和热情。

16当你非得到处找写信用品时，写出来的东西就难以自然，因此我总是把纸、信封和邮

票放在手边，甚至在旅行时也是如此。信封信笺不需要很花哨，重要的是要表达的思想。

17那么，你周围又有谁值得你写便笺表示感谢或鼓励呢?一位邻居?为你服务的那位图

书馆管理员?一位亲戚?你的市长?你的伙伴?一位教师?你的医生?你不必富有诗意。

如果你需要一个写的理由，就找一个生活中的重要事件，例如你们共同参加的某个特殊事

件的周年纪念日、生日或者节日。例如，过去的25年里，我总是为远方的朋友每年准备一张圣诞卡，而且常常在上面亲笔写上一句感谢或祝贺的话。鉴于圣诞节的氛围，就一年来

所取得的成功与得到的好运特意表示谢忱似乎是最恰到好处的。

18不要吝啬你的赞美之言。像“最了不起的”、“最聪明的”、“最漂亮的”这种最高级的表

达法使大家都感到高兴。即使你的赞美之词与现实相比稍稍超前了一点也没关系，记住，

梦想的实现往往孕育于期望之中。

19今天，我收到了以前的老板和精神导师诺曼·文森特·皮尔的一封温暖的赞扬信。这

张小小的便笺上满是鼓舞人心的词句，这促使我坐到了打字机前来完成几封我早就该写的信。我不知道这些信会不会使别人的一天别有意义，但是，对我而言确实如此。正如我的

朋友堂·沃尔夫所说的：使别人充满信心，也就使自己感觉很好。

Post——Reading

◇Reading Comprehension

1．Recognizing the Organization of the Text

1)The significance of Don Wolfe’S notes：

--By writing encouraging words Don Wolfe made people，including the author,feel good about themselves．

一Don Wolfe’S uplifting notes made the author confident and many others feel good．

大学英语精读第四册课后答案

大学英语精读第三版第四册答案 Unit1 翻译 1) 我们接到通知，财政部长将于次日接见我们。 We were informed that the Minister of Finance was to give us an audience /receive us the next day. 2) 我觉得很奇怪，他似乎不记得自己的生日。 I thought it odd that he didn't seem to remember his own birthday. 3) 学期论文最迟应在下星期二交来，可是至今大部分学生却几无进展。 Next Tuesday is the deadline for handing in the term papers, but most students have hardly made a dent in the work so far. 4) 看到学生人数不断减少，校长心里很难受。(pain) It pained the headmaster to find the number of students shrinking. 5) 在那个国家一般用现金付账，但支票变得普遍起来了，不久会代替现金作为人们结账的一种方式。 Cash is commonly used in paying bills in that country, but checks are becoming more popular and will, in a short while, replace cash as a way for people to settle their accounts. 6) 该公司声称，这条河流的污染不是它造成的。 The company claims that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river. Unit2 翻译 1) 比尔已是个成熟的小伙子，不再依赖父母替他做主。 Bill is a mature young man who is no longer dependent on his parents for decisions. 2) 这个地区有大量肉类供应，但新鲜果蔬奇缺。 There are abundant supplies of meat in this region, but fresh fruit and vegetables are scarce. 3) 工程师们依靠工人们的智慧发明了一种新的生产方法，使生产率得以提高。 Drawing on the wisdom of the workers, the engineers invented a new production method that led to increased productivity. 4) 他花了许多时间准备数学考试，因此当他获知自己只得了个B时感到有点失望。 He spent a lot of time preparing for his math exam. Hence he was somewhat disappointed to learn that he got only a B. 5) 我们有充裕的时间从从容容吃顿午饭。 We have ample time for a leisurely lunch.

大学英语第四册答案

一V ocabulary I. 1. 1) alliance 3) stroke 5) minus 7) declarations 2) heroic 4) limp 6) regions 8) siege Appendix I - $9 9) raw 10) retreat 11) have taken their toll 12) In the case of 13) campaign 14) at the cost of 15) has been brought to a halt 2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on 5) picking up 6) falling apart 7) cut back 8) take over 3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future. 2) The border dispute between the two countries resulted in thousands of casualties. 3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career. 4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard. 5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obso-lete. 4. 1) At that time, the enemy forces were much superior to ours, so we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases. 2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by con-stant internal struggle in an organization. 3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks. II. More Synonyms in Context 1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium and in the no-man's-land between the trenches. 2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off. 3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words. 4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.

(完整版)全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课后答案全

Unit 1 lexf Organization

II. More Synonyms in Context 1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium. 2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off. 3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words. 4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.

- 90 - Appendix I III. Usage 1)But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health. 2)A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it. 3)It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work 1)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep. 4)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early. 5)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. ■ Structure 1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by 30 percent. 2)To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed. 3)To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans. 4)We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christmas. 2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile. 2)By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River. 3)Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United States at the age of four. ■ 4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. invasion 3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign 9. reckon with 2. s tand in the way 4. c atching... off his guard 6. d eclaration 8. d rag on 10. b ringing...to a

新编大学英语 第四册 课后习题答案 浙大版

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