大学英语阅读进阶(第四版)讲义

2013哈尔滨工业大学大二英语拓展补充教材（讲义）

大学英语阅读进阶（第四版）

PartⅠ Ten Steps To Improving College Reading Skills

1 Vocabulary in Context

I prefer the occasional disturbance of ear-splitting thunder 震耳欲聋的to the incessant dripping of our kitchen sink.

P20 Line 10: Working vocabulary:

working /?w??.k??/ /?w??-/ adjective [ before noun ] USEFUL

describes a plan, idea or knowledge that is not complete but is good enough to be useful 基本够用的；尚可应付工作的

We have a working theory/hypothesis about what caused the crash, which we shall test.

She's fluent in French and English and has a working knowledge of Spanish.

Line 12: shade /?e?d/ noun

细微的差别

P21 （The numbers indicate the number of the sentences of the exercises）

1. nocturnal n?k?t??.n?l/ /nɑ?k?t??-/ adjective FORMAL 夜间活动的

happening in or active during the night, or relating to the night

nocturnal wanderings/nocturnal light/Most bats are nocturnal

2. feathery /?fee. ? r.i/ /-?.i/ adjective 轻而软的；长有语羽毛的

soft or delicate, or made of many very small and delicate pieces

feathery clouds/foliage/leaves

2. adverse:/??d.v??s/ , /-?-/ /?d?v??s/ adjective [ before noun ]

having a negative or harmful effect on something

The match has been cancelled due to adverse weather conditions .

3.nausea: /?n??.zi.?/ , /-??/ /?nɑ?-/ noun [ U ] 恶心；作呕

when you feel as if you are going to vomit

Signs of the illness include fever, nausea and vomiting.

4.euphemism: ju?.f?.m?.z ? m/ noun [ C or U ] 委婉语

a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word

'Senior citizen' is a euphemism for 'old person'.

offensive /??fen t .s?v/ adjective UPSETTING

1. causing offence 冒犯的；使人恼怒的；得罪人的

This programme contains language that some viewers might find offensive.

Opposite inoffensive

2. unpleasant 使人反感的

offensive smells

5. intoxicated:/?n?t?k.s?.ke?.t?d/ /-?tɑ?k.s?.ke?.t???d/ adjective

1. FORMAL drunk

She was charged with driving while intoxicated.

2. excited, happy and slightly out of control because of an experience such as love, success,

etc 陶醉的；极度兴奋的；忘乎所以的

1.mundane: /m?n?de?n/ adjective

very ordinary and therefore not interesting 单调的；平凡的

Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her.

2. turmoil:/?t??.m??l/ /?t??-/ noun骚动；混乱

a state of confusion, uncertainty or disorder

The whole region is in turmoil.

3. longevity:/l?n?d?ev.?.ti/ /lɑ?n?d?ev.?.t??i/ noun [ U ] FORMAL

[ U ] FORMAL living for a long time 长寿；长命

To what do you attribute your longevity?

4.diversion/d a ??v??.?? n/ /d??v??-/ noun

（1）[ C ] something that takes your attention away from something else 转向；转移Shoplifters often work in pairs, with one creating a diversion to distract the shop

assistants while the other steals the goods.

（2）（FORMAL）an activity that is done for pleasure, especially because it takes your attention form sth else 消遣；娱乐

Reading is a pleasant diversion.

5. avocation兴趣；爱好；副业；职业

6. adapt /??d?pt/ verb

[ I ] to become familiar with a new situation

The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.

It took me a while to adapt to the new job.

[ T ] to change something to suit different conditions or uses

[ + to infinitive ] We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack's timetable.

The play had been adapted for (= changed to make it suitable for) children.

7. distraught: d??str??t/ /-?strɑ?t/ adjective

extremely worried, nervous or upset 心烦意乱的；忧心如焚的

The missing child's distraught parents made an emotional appeal for information on TV.

mugging /?m?g.??/ noun [ C or U ] 行凶抢劫

an act of attacking someone and stealing their money

Police are concerned that mugging is on the increase.

8.cognitive/?k?g.n?.t?v/ /?kɑ?g.n?.t ??v/ adjective [ before noun ] SPECIALIZED

connected with thinking or conscious mental processes 认知的

Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired.受损的

cognitive behaviour/development

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2a8888525.html,arre /b??zɑ? r / /-?zɑ?r/ adjective

very strange and unusual

a bizarre situation /bizarre behaviour

10. white-collar: relating to people who work in offices, doing work that needs mental rather

than physical effort

?n t s/ /-?h?n t s/ verb [ T ]

to improve the quality, amount or strength of something 增强；美化；使…更好

These scandals will not enhance the organization's reputation.

garlic /?gɑ?.l?k/ /?gɑ?r-/ noun [ U ] 蒜

a plant of the onion family that has a strong taste and smell and is used in cooking to

add flavour

spaghetti /sp??get.i/ /-?ge-/ noun [ U ] 意大利面条

pasta made in the form of long, thin threads

2. flippant:/?fl?p. ? nt/ adjective ( UK INFORMAL flip )

not serious about a serious subject, in an attempt to be funny or to appear clever 轻率

的；轻浮的

a flippant remark/attitude

I think she just thought I was being flippant.

3.assuage: /??swe?d?/ verb [ T ] FORMAL 缓和；减轻

to make unpleasant feelings less strong

The government has tried to assuage the public's fears.

soothe /su?e/ verb [ T ] ANGER

1. to make someone feel calm or less worried

?n?s??t/ /-?s??t/ verb

[ I or T ] to make someone feel suddenly uncertain and worried n使不安、困惑、尴尬The whole experience had disconcerted him.

2.scrutinize:/?skru?.t?.na?z/ /-t ?? n.a?z/ verb [ T ] 彻底仔细检查

to examine something very carefully in order to discover information

He scrutinized the men's faces carefully/closely, trying to work out who was lying.

lease /li?s/ noun [ C ] 租约；租契

a legal agreement in which you pay money in order to use a building, piece of land, vehicle,

etc. for a period

He has the flat on a long lease.

fine print:inconspicuous details or conditions printed in an agreement or contract, esp. ones that may prove unfavorable:

read the fine print of whatever loan document is shoved under your nose.极小的字体;(契约中)难懂的条文

3. pragmatic:/pr?g?m?t.?k/ /-?m?t ?-/ adjective MAINLY APPROVING 务实的;实事求是的;注重实效的

solving problems in a realistic way which suits the present conditions rather than obeying fixed theories, ideas or rules

In business, the pragmatic approach to problems is often more successful than an idealistic one.

4.obscure:/?b?skj?? r / /-?skj?r/ adjective NOT KNOWN表述不清楚，晦涩难懂的；费解的

1. not known to many people

an obscure island in the Pacific /an obscure 12th-century mystic

2. not clear and difficult to understand or see

Official policy has changed, for reasons that remain obscure.

His answers were obscure and confusing.

5.condone: /k?n?d??n/ /-?do?n/ verb [ T ]

to accept or allow behaviour that is wrong 纵容；宽恕；原谅

If the government is seen to condone violence , the bloodshed will never stop.

6. indispensable: /??n.d??spen t .s?.bl ?/ adjective

Something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without them

This book is an indispensable resource for researchers.

His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks.

7.adversary: /??d.v?.s ? r.i/ /??d.v?.ser-/ noun [ C ] FORMAL 对手；敌手

a person that s

b is opposed and competing with in an augument or a battle

He saw her as his main adversary within the company.

8.advent:/??d.vent/ , /-v?nt/ noun [ S ]重要人物、事物、事件的）出现，到来

the arrival of an important event, invention or person

Life in Britain was transformed by the advent of the steam engine.

9.benvolent: /b??nev. ? l. ? nt/ adjective 行善的；慈善的；与人为善的；助人为乐的

(especially of a person in authority )kind and helpful

He was a benevolent old man, he wouldn't hurt a fly.

Doing good rather than making profit; charitable

publicity /p?b?l?s.?.ti/ /-?.t ?i/ noun [ U ] （媒体的）关注；宣传；报道

the activity of making certain that someone or something attracts a lot of interest or attention from many people, or the attention received as a result of this activity

He attracted a lot of adverse/bad publicity with his speech about unmarried mothers.

10. prevalent: /?prev. ? l.?nt/ adjective

existing very commonly or happening often at a particular time or in a particular place 普遍存在的；盛行的；流行的

These diseases are more prevalent among young children.

Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent.

patriarchy /?pe?.tri.ɑ?.ki/ /-ɑ?r-/ noun [ C or U ] 父权制（的社会或国家）

a society in which the oldest male is the leader of the family, or a society controlled by

men in which they use their power to their own advantage

Patriarchy has not disappeared - it has merely changed form.

She rails against patriarchy and hierarchy.

matriarchy /?me?.tri.ɑ?.ki/ /-ɑ?r-/ noun [ C or U ] 母权制（的社会或国家）

a type of society in which women have most of the authority and power, or a society in which

P24

j?.tri/ /-ter.i/ adjective FORMAL 有益的

causing improvement of behaviour or character

a salutary experience /a salutary reminder of the dangers of mountain climbing

2.impede: /?m?pi?d/ verb [ T ] FORMAL 阻碍；妨碍；阻止

to slow down or cause problems for the achievement or finishing of something

Although he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way.

3. simulate: /?s?m.j?.le?t/ verb [ T ] 模拟的；假的

to do or make something which looks real but is not real

In cheap furniture, plastic is often used to simulate wood.

Some driving teachers use computers to simulate (= represent) different road conditions for

APPROVING 简明的；简洁的；简要的

said in a clear and short way; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words Keep your letter succinct and to the point.

2. lucrative:/?lu?.kr?.t?v/ /-t ??v/ adjective 赚钱的；可获利的

(especially of a business, job or activity) producing a lot of money

The merger合并 proved to be very lucrative for both companies.

3.surreptious: /?s?r.?p?t??.?s/ /?s??-/ adjective 偷偷的；暗中进行的

done secretly, without anyone seeing or knowing

She seemed to be listening to what I was saying, but I couldn't help noticing her surreptitious glances at the clock.

4.flamboyant: /fl?m?b??.?nt/ adjective

Brightly coloured or decorated 艳丽的；装饰华丽的

His clothes were rather flamboyant for such a serious occasion.

very confident in behaviour, or intended to be noticed, especially by being brightly coloured 炫耀的；卖弄的

a flamboyant gesture / The writer's flamboyant lifestyle was well known.

flashy /?fl??.i/ adjective DISAPPROVING 华丽而俗气的；炫耀的

looking too bright, big and expensive in a way that is intended to get attention and admiration

flashy clothes /a flashy car

Plainly: 1. clearly or obviously

This is plainly wrong. /Every footstep could be plainly heard.

2. simply and without a lot of decoration 朴素地，简朴地

a plainly furnished room

5.stagnant: /?st?g.n?nt/ adjective NOT FLOWING

1. (of water or air) not flowing or moving, and smelling unpleasant 不流动而污浊的

a stagnant pond

2. not growing or developing 不变化的

a stagnant economy

6. ambiguous:/?m?b?g.ju.?s/ adjective

having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally

His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.

The wording of the agreement is ambiguous.

The government has been ambiguous on this issue.

7.detriment /?det.r?.m?nt/ noun [ U ] FORMAL 伤害；损害

harm or damage

Are you sure that I can follow this diet without detriment to my health?

She was very involved with sports at college, to the detriment of (= harming) her studies.

8.depreciate/d??pri?.?i.e?t/ verb [ I or T ]

to (cause something to) lose value, especially over time 贬值、跌价

Our car depreciated (by) ￡1500 in the first year we owned it.

Since they set up a builder's yard next door, our house has depreciated in value .

appreciate /??pri?.?i.e?t/ verb INCREASE增值；升值

to increase in value

The value of our house has appreciated by 50% in the last two years.

Our house has appreciated (in value) by 50% in the last two years.

9.meticulous /m??t?k.j?.l?s/ adjective APPROVING 十分注意细节的；一丝不苟的

very careful and with great attention to every detail

Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book.

10stringent /?str?n.d??nt/ adjective SEVERE

1. having a very severe effect, or being extremely limiting 严格的；严厉的

The most stringent laws in the world are useless unless there is the will to enforce them.

We need to introduce more stringent security measures such as identity cards.

Stringent safety regulations were introduced after the accident.

2. SPECIALIZED involving not enough money being available for borrowing as a result of firm

controls on the amount of money in an economy 紧缩的；紧缺的；银根紧的

very angry /We have received some irate phone calls from customers.

wreck /rek/ verb [ T ]

1. to destroy or badly damage something

The explosion shattered nearby windows and wrecked two cars.

Our greenhouse was wrecked in last night's storm.

2. INFORMAL to spoil something completely

He has been warned that his behaviour might wreck his chances of promotion.

2. proximity /pr?k?s?m.?.ti/ /prɑ?k?s?m.?.t ?i/ noun [ U ] FORMAL 接近,附近

the state of being near in space or time

The best thing about the location of the house is its proximity to the town centre.

3. fiasco fi??s.k??/ /-ko?/ noun [ C ] plural fiascos or MAINLY US fiascoes

something planned that goes wrong and is a complete failure, usually in an embarrassing way彻底的失败；惨败；大出丑

The show was a fiasco - the lights wouldn't work, one actor forgot his lines and another

having little energy; feeling unwilling and unable to do anything

I was feeling tired and lethargic.

lethargy?leθ.?.d?i/ /-?-/ noun [ U ]

the state of not having any energy or enthusiasm for doing things

2.the gist /e??d??st/ noun [ S ]

the most important pieces of information about something, or general information without details

That was the gist of what he said.

I think I got (= understood) the gist of what she was saying.

3. fabrication /?f?b.r??ke?.?? n/ noun [ C or U ] 编造、虚构、伪造

The evidence he gave in court was a complete fabrication.

fabricate /?f?b.r?.ke?t/ verb [ T ]

to invent or produce something false in order to deceive

He was late, so he fabricated an excuse to avoid trouble.

He claims that the police fabricated evidence against

be at fault

to have done something wrong

Her doctor was at fault for/in not sending her straight to a specialist.

confession /k?n?fe?. ? n/ noun [ C or U ]

1. when you admit that you have done something wrong or illegal 供认；承认

I've got a bit of a confession to make - I've lost that book you lent me.

I can't ask for help. It feels like a confession of failure.

2. when a Christian tells God or, especially in the Roman Catholic Church, tells a priest

formally and privately, what they have done wrong so that they can be forgiven 向神

父忏悔

Have you been to confession recently?

4.covert /?ko?.v??t/ , /-?-/ adjective

hidden or secret/ covert actions 隐蔽的；秘密的；不公开的

The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime.

overt /????v??t/ ,/o??v??t/ adjective 公开的；不隐秘的

done or shown publicly or in an obvious way; not secret

overt criticism /overt racism

He shows no overt signs of his unhappiness.

5.enigma /??n?g.m?/ noun [ C ] 难以理解的问题、人、物、情况等

something that is mysterious and seems impossible to understand completely

She is a bit of an enigma.

The newspapers were full of stories about the enigma of Lord Lucan's disappearance

alien

1. LEGAL a foreigner, usually someone who lives in a country of which they are not a legal

citizen 外国人、外侨、

When war broke out the government rounded up thousands of aliens and put them in temporary camps.

2. a creature from a different planet 从另一世界来的生物

6. fluctuate /?fl?k.tju.e?t/ verb [ I ] fluctuation /?fl?k.tju?e?.?? n/ noun [ C or U ] 波动

to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another

Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season.

Her weight fluctuates wildly /fluctuating prices

7.resilient /r??z?l.i.?nt/ adjective resilience /r??z?l.i.?n t s/ noun [ U ] ( FORMAL resiliency )

有弹性的；可迅速回复的；有适应力的

able to quickly return to a previous good condition

This rubber ball is very resilient and immediately springs back into shape.

She's a resilient girl - she won't be unhappy for long.

8. dispel /d??spel/ verb [ T ] -ll- 驱散；消除

to remove fears, doubts and false ideas, usually by proving them wrong or unnecessary I'd like to start the speech by dispelling a few rumours that have been spreading recently.

9. culminate /?k?l.m?.ne?t/ verb

culminate in/with sth （以某种结果）告终，（在某一点）结束

If an event or series of events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point

My arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and it all culminated in my deciding to change jobs.

Months of hard work culminated in success. 几个月的艰辛工作终于取得了成功

mantis /?m?n.t?s/ /-t ??s/ noun [ C ] ( ALSO praying mantis ) 螳螂

a large green insect that holds its front legs in a way that makes it look as if it is praying

when it is waiting to catch another insect

10 unabated /??n.??be?.t?d/ /-t ??d/ adjective [ usually after verb ] FORMAL

不减的；仍然强烈、猛烈、严重等

without becoming weaker in strength or force

continued unabated throughout the night.

/?pri??rek.w?.z?t/ noun [ C ] FORMAL 先决条件；前提；必备条件

something which must exist or happen before something else can exist or happen

Passing a written exam is a prerequisite for taking the advanced course.

Public support is a prerequisite for/to the success of this project.

3.sparse/spɑ?s/ /spɑ?rs/ adjective 稀少的；零落的

small in numbers or amount, often scattered over a large area

a sparse population/audience Information coming out of the disaster area is sparse.

4. aptitude /??p.t?.tju?d/ /-tu?d/ noun [ C or U ]

a natural ability or skill

My son has no/little aptitude for sport.

personal aptitudes and abilities into account.

?nep.?.t?.z ? m/ noun [ U ] DISAPPROVING 裙带关系；任人唯亲

using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family

He was guilty of nepotism and corruption.

managerial /?m?n.??d???.ri.?l/ /-?d??r.i-/ adjective

relating to a manager or management 管理的；经营的

managerial responsibilities/decisions/skills

A 2. nebulous /?neb.j?.l?s/ adjective

(especially of ideas) not clear and having no form 模糊的；不清楚的

She has a few nebulous ideas about what she might like to do in the future, but nothing definite.

A 3.nondescript /?n?n.d?.skr?pt/ /?nɑ?n-/ adjective 无特征的；毫无个性的；平庸的

very ordinary, or having no interesting or exciting features or qualities

The meteorological 气象bureau is in a nondescript building on the outskirts of town.

A 4.murky /?m??.ki/ /?m??-/ adjective DARK/DIRTY

1. dark and dirty or difficult to see through 浑浊的；污浊的

The river was brown and murky after the storm.

2. describes a situation that is complicated and unpleasant, and about which many facts

are not clear

He became involved in the murky world of international drug-dealing.

I don't want to get into the murky waters of family arguments.

A 5.mercenary /?m??.s ? n.ri/ /?m??-/ adjective DISAPPROVING 只为金钱的；图利的

interested only in the amount of money that you can get from a situation

He had some mercenary scheme to marry a wealthy widow.

mercenary /?m??.s ? n.ri/ /?m??-/ noun [ C ] 雇佣兵

a soldier who fights for any country or group that pays them

P32

B 6ecstatic /?k?st?t.?k/ /-?st?t ?-/ adjective

extremely happy

The new president was greeted by an ecstatic crowd.

B 7. endow/?n?da?/ verb [ T ]

to give a large amount of money to pay for creating a college or hospital, etc. or to provide an income for it 资助、捐助

The state of Michigan has endowed three institutes to do research for industry.

be endowed with sth 使天生具有

to have a particular quality or feature

Some lucky people are endowed with both brains and beauty.

Sardinia is generously endowed with prehistoric sites.

B 8.deter/d??t?? r / /-?t??/ verb [ T ] -rr-

to prevent from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for them to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack.

High prices are deterring many young people from buy ing houses.

B 9. badger /?b?d?.? r / /-?/ verb [ T ]

to persuade someone by telling them repeatedly to do something, or to question someone repeatedly 纠缠

Stop badgering me - I'll do it when I'm ready.

[ + into + -ing verb ] She's been badgering me into do ing some exercise.

[ + to infinitive ] Every time we go into a shop, the kids badger me to buy them sweets.

Nag: keep complaining to sb about their behaviour or keep asking them to do sth 唠叨；不停地抱怨

She had been nagging him to paint the fence.

B 10.dubious /?dju?.bi.?s/ /?du?-/ adjective

1. thought not to be completely true or not able to be trusted 不大可靠的

These claims are dubious and not scientifically proven.

He has been associated with some dubious characters.

Ruth Ellis has the dubious (= bad) distinction of being the last woman to be hanged in Britain.

2. feeling doubt or not feeling certain 可疑的

about his promises to change his ways.

?.z?.bl ?/ adjective SLIGHTLY FORMAL

1. able to be made, done or achieved

With the extra resources, the scheme now seems feasible.

[ + to infinitive ] It may be feasible to clone human beings, but is it ethical?

2. possible or reasonable

It 's quite feasible (that) we'll get the money.

hold down a job

to manage to keep a job for a period of time

A 2. immaculate /??m?k.j?.l?t/ adjective APPROVING

1. perfectly clean or tidy 整洁的；无污迹的

dressed in an immaculate white suit

an immaculate garden

2. perfect and without any mistakes 精确的；无误的

He gave an immaculate performance as the aging hero.

A 3. divulge /d a ??v?ld?/ verb [ T ] 泄露

to make something secret known

Journalists do not divulge their sources.

[ + question word ] The managing director refused to divulge how much she earned.

A 4.alleviate /??li?.vi.e?t/ verb [ T ] FORMAL 减轻；缓和

to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe

The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.

A 5. simultaneous /?s?m. ? l?te?.ni.?s/ /?sa?.m ? l-/ adjective

happening or being done at exactly the same time

There were several simultaneous explosions in different cities.

B 6. scorn /sk??n/ /sk??rn/ noun [ U ] 鄙视；蔑视

a very strong feeling of no respect for someone or something that you think is stupid or

has no value

She has nothing but scorn for the new generation of politicians.

Why do you always pour/heap scorn on (= criticize severely and unfairly) my suggestions?

verb [ T ]

1. to show scorn for someone or something

So does he respect the press and media, or does he secretly scorn them?

You scorned all my suggestions.

2. to refuse advice or an offer because you are too proud 傲慢的拒绝

She scorned all my offers of help.

B 7. culpable /?k?l.p?.bl ?/ adjective FORMAL 难辞其咎的；应受责备的

deserving to be blamed or considered responsible for something bad

He was held culpable (= blamed) for all that had happened.

B 8. endeavour UK, US endeavor /en?dev.? r / /-?/ verb [ I + to infinitive ]

to try to do something

Engineers are endeavouring to locate the source of the problem.

B 9.supplement /?s?p.l?.ment/ , /?--?-/ verb [ T ]

to add something to something to make it larger or better

He supplements (= adds to) his income by working in a bar in the evening.

Some vegetarians like to supplement their diets with iron tablets.

B 10.couple /?k?p.l ?/ verb JOIN

[ T usually passive usually + adverb or preposition ] to join or combine

The sleeping car and restaurant car were coupled together .

with low output spells disaster for the Government in the election.

line on which the word is

2-1. smudged /sm?d?d/ adjective

dirty or not clear

The signature was smudged and impossible to decipher.

2-3.the ? Marine ? Corps noun [ S + sing/pl verb ]

a part of the United States military forces that consists of soldiers who operate on land

and at sea

marine /m??ri?n/ noun [ C ] 海军陆战队士兵

a soldier who works closely with the navy and is trained especially for military operations

on land which begin from the sea

corps /k?? r / /k??r/ noun [ C + sing/pl verb ] plural corps MILITARY UNIT

a military unit trained to perform particular duties （陆军的）特种部队

the Royal Army Medical Corps /the intelligence corps

3-4.relay /?r??le?/ , /?ri?.le?/ verb [ T ] 收到并传出；转播

to repeat something you have heard, or to broadcast a signal, message or programme on television or radio

I was told the news first and then I relayed it to the others.

3-9：sought-after /?s??t?ɑ?f.t? r / /?sɑ?t??f.t?/ adjective 受欢迎的；争相得到的wanted by many people and usually of high quality or rare

At the age of seventeen she is already one of Hollywood's most sought-after actresses. 3-9. wade /we?d/ verb

[ I usually + adverb or preposition T ] to walk through water with difficulty because of the pressure of the water against your legs 费力的走、趟或涉

The river was full but we managed to wade across .

We waded a shallow river.

3-10.marshy /?mɑ?.?i/ /?mɑ?r-/ adjective

describes an area of land that is always wet; like a marsh 似沼泽的；有沼泽的

This area was very marshy before the drainage system was installed.

3-10. the boondocks /e??bu?n.d?ks/ /-dɑ?ks/ plural noun US DISAPPROVING

any area in the country that is quiet, has few people living in it, and is a long way away from a town or city 穷乡僻壤

3-10. manoeuvre UK, US maneuver /m??nu?.v? r / /-v?/ noun MILITARY OPERATION [ C usually plural ] a planned and controlled movement or operation by the armed forces for training purposes and in war 大规模演习

military /naval manoeuvres / We saw the army on manoeuvres in the mountains.

5-4.sedate /s??de?t/ verb [ T ] 给某人镇静剂

to cause a person or animal to be very calm or go to sleep by giving them a drug

When I saw him after the accident he was still in shock and was heavily sedated.

5-9. toughen /?t?f. ? n/ verb MAKE STRONG坚硬；坚固；使更坚强

1. [ T ] to make something or someone tough, strong, or stronger

The UN announced its intentions to toughen sanctions 制裁still further.

His time in the army certainly toughened him up .

5-10. limp /l?mp/ adjective

soft and neither firm nor stiff 柔软的；无力的；无精神的

a limp lettuce leaf/salad /a limp handshake

7-4.oblivious /??bl?v.i.?s/ adjective 未觉察的；未注意的

not conscious of something, especially what is happening around you

Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings.

The government seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation.

7-5.clank /kl??k/ verb [ I or T ] 金属声；叮当声

to make a short loud sound like that of metal objects hitting each other, or to cause something to make this sound

My bike chain was clanking in an alarming way as I pedalled along.

9-3. condolence /k?n?d??.l?n t s/ /-?do?-/ noun [ C usually plural U ]

sympathy and sadness for the family or close friends of a person who has recently died, or an expression of this, especially in written form 同情；吊慰；吊唁

a letter of condolence

please accept my condolences. 谨致吊慰之意

13—1：Right off/straight away/off : without hesitation or delay

马上：毫不耽搁的

I want it typed right away, please.

请立刻把它打印出来

I told her right/straitht off what I thought of her.

我把我对她的看法直截了当的告诉了她

14-9：? serial ? number noun [ C ]

one of a set of numbers that is put on things produced in large quantities, such as computers, televisions, paper money, etc. so that each has a different number and can be recognized

1. unpleasant, immoral and unacceptable 不道德的；可耻的

This vile policy of ethnic cleansing must be stopped.

2. INFORMAL extremely unpleasant 非常讨厌的；可憎的

This cheese smells vile. /He's in a vile mood/temper today.

A2 cryptic /?kr?p.t?k/ adjective 晦涩难懂的；神秘的；含有隐义的

mysterious and difficult to understand

I received a cryptic message through the post.

A3verbose /v???b??s/ /v??bo?s/ adjective FORMAL DISAPPROVING

using or containing more words than are necessary 冗长的

a verbose explanation/report/speech/style

He was a notoriously verbose after-dinner speaker.

B4venture /?ven.t?? r / /-t??/ verb [ I usually + adv/prep T ] FORMAL

to risk going somewhere or doing something that might be dangerous or unpleasant, or to risk saying something that might be criticized

As we set off into the forest, we felt as though we were venturing (forth) into the unknown.

She tentatively ventured the opinion that the project would be too expensive to complete, but the boss ignored her.

a ? musement ? park noun [ C ]

a funfair or theme park 娱乐园

? theme ? park noun [ C ] ( US ALSO amusement park )

a large permanent area for public entertainment, with entertaining activities and big

machines to ride on or play games on, restaurants, etc., all connected with a single subject funfair /?f?n.fe? r / /-fer/ noun [ C ] UK( US amusement park )

a place of outside entertainment where there are machines for riding on and games that

can be played for prizes

B5quest /kwest/ noun [ C ] LITERARY

a long search for something that is difficult to find, or an attempt to achieve something

difficult

Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth.

She went to India on a spiritual quest.

B6pseudonym /?su?.d?.n?m/ noun [ C ]

a name which a person, such as a writer, uses instead of their real name, especially on

their work

She writes under a pseudonym.

George Orwell was a pseudonym - his real name was Eric Blair.

C7lucid /?lu?.s?d/ adjective

clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 表达清楚的；易懂的

She gave a clear and lucid account of her plans for the company's future.

The drugs she's taking make her drowsy and confused, but there are times when she's quite lucid.

C8blasé /?blɑ??ze?/ adjective

bored or not excited, or wishing to seem so

He flies first class so often, he's become blasé about it.

tardy /?tɑ?.di/ /?tɑ?r-/ adjective FORMAL

slow or late in happening or arriving 行动迟缓的；拖拉的

Dinner was somewhat delayed on account of David's rather tardy arrival.

D9deficient /d??f??. ? nt/ adjective

1. not having enough of

A diet deficient in vitamin D may cause the disease rickets.

2. not good enough

His theory is deficient in several respects.

D10dilemma /d a ??lem.?/ noun [ C ]

a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things you

could do

The President is clearly in a dilemma about/over how to tackle the crisis.

She faces the dilemma of disobey ing her father or los ing the man she loves.

the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives

With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat.

2. redundant /r??d?n.d ? nt/ adjective EXTRA

(especially of a word, phrase, etc.) unnecessary because it is more than is needed

In the sentence, "She is a single unmarried woman", the word "unmarried" is redundant.

3. austere /???st?? r / /ɑ??st?r/ adjective

plain and without decoration 简朴的；

（of a person or his behavior）severely and strictly moral; having no pleasures or comforts （指人或行为）束身修行的；苦行的

The courtroom was a large dark chamber, an austere place.

Amish 孟诺教派的；孟诺教派

4.demeanour , US demeanor /d??mi?.n? r / /-n?/ noun [ U ] FORMAL

a way of looking and behaving

There was nothing in his demeanour that suggested he was anxious.

She has the demeanour of a woman who is contented with her life.

5. unassuming /??n.??sju?.m??/ /-?su?-/ adjective APPROVING

Someone who is unassuming is quiet and shows no wish for attention or admiration 不爱表现自己的；谦逊的；不爱显示或夸耀的

He was shy and unassuming and not at all how you expect an actor to be.

overly /???.v ? l.i/ /?o?.v?.li/ adverb ( ALSO over )

too; very

Earlier sales forecasts were overly optimistic.

His films have been criticized for being overly violent.

6. standardize , UK USUALLY standardise /?st?n.d?.da?z/ /-d?-/ verb [ T ]

to make things of the same type all have the same basic features

We standardize parts such as rear-view mirrors, so that one type will fit any model of car we mak

7. impoverished /?m?p?v. ? r.??t/ /-?pɑ?.v?-/ adjective FORMAL

very poor

She's going out with an impoverished young actor.

8. assimilate /??s?m.?.le?t/ verb [ I or T ]

to take in, fit into, or become similar (to) 通化；吸收

You shouldn't expect immigrants to assimilate into an alien外国的；陌生的 culture

immediately.

It's hard to assimilate (= learn and understand) so much information.

9.espouse /es?pa?z/ verb [ T ] FORMAL

to become involved with or support an activity or opinion 支持；拥护

Vegetarianism is one cause she does not espouse.

10 validate /?v?l.?.de?t/ verb [ T ]

to make something officially acceptable or approved, especially after examining it 批准；认可；使…具有法律效力；证实

It is a one-year course validated by London's City University.

FORMAL

death

cremate /kr??me?t/ /?kri?.me?t/ verb [ T ] 火化；火葬

to burn a dead person's body, usually as part of a funeral ceremony

2. assail /??se?l/ verb FORMAL 抨击；痛打；攻击某人

[ T ] to attack someone violently or criticize someone strongly

The victim had been assailed with repeated blows to the head and body.

3. tenet /?ten.?t/ noun [ C ] FORMAL 原则；教义；信条

one of the principles on which a belief or theory is based

It is a tenet of contemporary psychology that an individual's mental health is supported by having good social networks.

4. inquisitive /?n?kw?z.?.t?v/ /-t ??v/ adjective好打听的；好奇的；好学的

wanting to discover as much as you can about things, sometimes in a way that annoys people very interested in learning about many different things

an inquisitive child /an inquisitive mind

She could see inquisitive faces looking out from the windows next door.

toddler /?t?d.l? r / /?tɑ?d.l?/ noun [ C ] 刚学会走路的孩子

a young child, especially one who is learning or has recently learned to walk

5. preposterous /pr??p?s.t ? r.?s/ /-?pɑ?.st?-/ adjective FORMAL

very silly or stupid 荒谬的；愚蠢的；反常的

The very idea is preposterous! /a preposterous suggestion

6. waive /we?v/ verb [ T ] FORMAL

to not demand something you have a right to, or not cause a rule to be obeyed 放弃（权

利；要求等）

If the government waives (= removes) the time limit, many more applications will come in.

He persuaded the delegates to waive (= give up) their objections.

7.sordid /?s??.d?d/ /?s??r-/ adjective DIRTY

immoral and shocking 卑鄙的；可耻的；丑恶的

He told me he'd had an affair but he spared me the sordid details .

indecent /?n?di?.s ? nt/ adjective IMMORAL

1. morally offensive, especially in a sexual way 有伤风化的；下流的

an indecent act/photograph

She accused him of making indecent suggestions to her.

2. not suitable or correct for a situation 不和适宜的；不适当的

The premier left his residence with almost indecent haste following his resignation.

8. fallible /?f?l.?.bl ?/ adjective

able or likely to make mistakes 易犯错的

We place our trust in doctors, but even they are fallible.

9. recession /r??se?. ? n/ noun [ C or U ]

a period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are

bad

The country is sliding into the depths of (a) recession.

bankruptcy /?b??.kr?p t .si/ noun LEGAL

1. [ C or U ] a situation in which a business or a person becomes bankrupt

The company was forced into bankruptcy.

10. grotesque /gr????tesk/ /gro?-/ adjective

Extremely ugly in a strange way, often causing fear or laughter

丑陋的；奇异的；奇形怪状的

a grotesque building/figure

misshapen /?m?s??e?.p ? n/ , /m??-/ adjective 畸形的；扭曲变形的

having an unusual shape or a shape which is not natural

The drug caused some babies to be born with misshapen limbs.

affectionate /??fek.?? n.?t/ adjective

showing feelings of liking or love

He's an affectionate little boy.

?i/ noun [ U ] SLIGHTLY FORMAL

the ability to move freely or be easily moved

I prefer the mobility of a hand-held camera.

2.resort to sth phrasal verb

to do something that you do not want to do because you cannot find any other way of achieving something

I had to resort to violence/threats to get my money.

[ + -ing verb ] When she didn't answer the telephone, I resorted to stand ing outside her window and calling up to her.

3. coalition /k??.??l??. ? n/ /ko?-/ noun [ C or U ] 联合体；联盟

the joining together of different political parties or groups for a particular purpose, usually for a limited time

Government by coalition has its own peculiar set of problems.

a coalition government

4.corroborate /k??r?b.?.re?t/ /-?rɑ?.b?-/ verb [ T ] FORMAL 证实；确证

to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information

Recent research seems to corroborate his theory.

5. blatant /?ble?.t ? nt/ adjective 明目张胆的；公开的

describes something bad that is very obvious or intentional

a blatant lie

The whole episode was a blatant attempt to gain publicity.

blatantly /?ble?.t ? nt.li/ adverb

It was blatantly obvious that she was telling a lie.

6. stake /ste?k/ noun [ C ] SHARE

1. a share or a financial involvement in something such as a business 投资

He holds (= owns) a 40% stake in/of the company.

2. have a stake in sth

If you have a stake in something which is important to you, you have a personal interest or involvement in it

Employers have a stake in the training of their staff.

7. i n novation /??n.????ve?.?? n/ noun [ C or U ]

(the use of) a new idea or method

the latest innovations in computer technology

8. assess /??ses/ verb [ T ]

to judge or decide the amount, value, quality or importance of something

Examinations are not the only means of assessing a student's ability.

[ + question word ] We need to assess whether the project is worth doing.

9. nullify /?n?l.?.fa?/ verb [ T ]

1. FORMAL to make a legal agreement or decision have no legal force

The state death penalty law was nullified in 1977.

2. to cause something to have no value or effect

All my hard work was nullified when I lost my notes.

bulimia /b??l?m.i.?/ , /-?li?.mi-/ noun [ U ] 食欲亢进

a mental illness in which someone eats in an uncontrolled way and in large amounts, then

vomits to remove the food from their body

anorexia (nervosa) /?n.??rek.si.?.n??v??.s?/ /-n??vo?-/ noun [ U ] 厌食

a serious illness often resulting in dangerous weight loss, in which a person, especially

a girl or woman, does not eat, or eats too little, because they fear becoming fat

Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase, with 6000 new cases in the UK every year.

binge /b?nd?/ noun [ C ] INFORMAL

an occasion when an activity is done in an extreme way, especially eating, drinking or spending money 大吃大喝；狂欢作乐；狂热行为

a drinking/eating/spending binge

The annual office binge (= party) is in December.

He went on a five day drinking binge.

outrageous /?a?t?re?.d??s/ adjective

describes something or someone that is shocking because they are unusual or strange 反常的；令人惊讶的

outrageous clothes/behaviour /an outrageous character

10. allocate /??l.?.ke?t/ verb [ T ]

to give something to someone as their share of a total amount, for them to use in a

particular way

The government is allocating ￡10 million for health education.

[ + two objects ] As project leader, you will have to allocate people jobs/allocate jobs

r-/ adjective

attractive or exciting

I didn't find the prospect of a house with no electricity very alluring.

She was wearing a most alluring dress at Sam's dinner party.

A 2. convey /k?n?ve?/ verb [ T ] COMMUNICATE表达；传达

to express a thought, feeling or idea so that it is understood by other people

His poetry conveys a great sense of religious devotion.

If you see James, do convey my apologies ( to him).

A 3. loathsome /?l??e.s?m/ /?lo?e-/ adjective

extremely unpleasant 令人震惊的；令人厌恶的

He's a loathsome man.

A 4. profound /pr??fa?nd/ adjective EXTREME

felt or experienced very strongly or in an extreme way 深远的；深切的

His mother's death when he was aged six had a very profound effect on him.

The invention of the contraceptive pill brought about profound changes in the lives of women.

A 5. autonomy /???t?n.?.mi/ /ɑ??tɑ?.n?-/ noun [ U ]

the right of a group of people to govern itself, or to organize its own activities Demonstrators demanded immediate autonomy for their region.

The universities are anxious to preserve their autonomy from central government.

B6. sever /?sev.? r / /-?/ verb [ T ]

to break or separate, especially by cutting 切断；割断

The knife severed an artery 动脉and he bled to death.

Her foot was severed from her leg in a car accident.

Electricity cables have been severed by the storm.

B 7. distort /d??st??t/ /-?st??rt/ verb [ T ]

to change something from its usual, original, natural or intended meaning, condition or shape 歪曲；曲解；使…变歪

My original statement has been completely distorted by the media.

tabloid /?t?b.l??d/ adjective , noun [ C ] 小型报纸；小报

(of or relating to) a type of popular newspaper with small pages which has many pictures and short simple reports

the tabloid press

a tabloid newspaper

B 8.intervene /??n.t??vi?n/ /-t ??-/ verb [ I ] GET INVOLVED进入；介入

to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse

The Central Bank intervened in the currency markets today to try to stabilize the exchange rate.

[ + to infinitive ] The Minister intervened personally to stop the museum being closed.

B 9. mandatory /?m?n.d?.tri/ /-t??r.i/ adjective FORMAL 法定的；强制性的；

describes something which must be done, or which is demanded by law

The minister is calling for mandatory prison sentences for people who assault police

officers.

Athletes must undergo a mandatory drugs test before competing in the championship.

B 10. relent /r??lent/ verb [ I ] SLIGHTLY FORMAL

to act in a less severe way towards someone and allow something that you had refused to allow before 不再拒绝；变温和；减弱

Her parents eventually relented and let her go to the party.

1.prevail /pr??ve?l/ verb [ I ] FORMAL

to be common among a group of people or area at a particular time

This attitude still prevails among the middle classes.

2. agitate /??d?.?.te?t/ verb MAKE LESS CALM

[ T ] to make someone feel anxious or angry 鼓动；煽动

I didn't want to agitate her by telling her.

3. unbridled /?n?bra?.dl ?d/ adjective [ usually before noun ]

not controlled or limited 不受控制的；不加约束的

unbridled ambition/enthusiasm/lust

4. mount /ma?nt/ verb INCREASE

[ I ] to gradually increase, rise, or get bigger

The children's excitement is mounting as Christmas gets nearer.

5.enact /??n?kt/ verb MAKE LAW

[ T often passive ] SPECIALIZED to put something into action, especially to change something into a law 制定或通过法律

A package of economic sanctions is to be enacted against the country.

6. succumb /s??k?m/ verb [ I ] FORMAL

to die or suffer badly from an illness

Thousands of cows have succumbed to the disease in the past few months. 死于疾病

7. lethal /?li?.θ ? l/ adjective

able to cause or causing death; extremely dangerous

Three minutes after the fire started, the house was full of lethal fumes.

In the car the police found guns, knives and other lethal weapons (= weapons which can

kill) .

8..subject /s?b?d?ekt/ verb [ T ]

subject sb/sth to sth phrasal verb [ often passive ]

to make someone or something experience an unpleasant or worrying thing

The inquiry found that they had been subjected to unfair treatment.

"I didn't want to subject him to such a long journey," she said.

9. attribute /??tr?b.j?t/ , /-ju?t/ verb

attribute sth to sb/sth phrasal verb

to say or think that something is the result or work of something or someone else

The doctors have attributed the cause of the illness to an unknown virus.

To what do you attribute this delay?

10curtail /k??te?l/ /k?-/ verb [ T ] 缩短；减少；削减

to stop something before it is finished, or to reduce or limit something

to curtail your holiday/spending

The last government severely curtailed trade union rights.

2.incautious /?n?k??.??s/ /-?kɑ?-/ adjective FORMAL

not showing or giving careful thought to the possible results

Bill and Sandra haven't spoken to each other since he made an incautious remark about her husband's drinking problem.

5.better ? off adjective

be better off

a. to have more money than you had in the past or more money than most other people

Obviously we're better off now we're both working.

When his parents died, he found himself $100 000 better off (= he had $100 000 more than he had in the past) .

9. crusade /kru??se?d/ verb [ I ] 长期坚定不移的奋斗

to make an effort to achieve something which you believe in strongly

She crusaded against sex and violence on television.

9.muckraker /?m?k?re?.k? r / /-k?/ noun [ C ]

muckraking , muck-raking /?m?k?re?.k??/ noun [ U ] DISAPPROVING

the activity, especially of newspapers and reporters , of trying to find out unpleasant information about people or organizations in order to make it public 搜集并张扬丑闻的人

There was so much muckraking about his family life that he decided not to stand for

election.

muck /m?k/ noun [ U ]

1. dirt or solid animal waste （牲畜的）粪便；（尤指）粪肥

You're treading muck into the carpet with your dirty shoes!

a pile of dog muck

2. something you consider very unpleasant or very low quality

污秽；令人讨厌之物；赃物

I'm not eating that muck!

The immigrants were treated like muck (= treated badly, as if they were not important) .

11 monopoly /m??n?p. ? l.i/ /-?nɑ?.p ? l-/ noun [ C or S ]

(an organization or group which has) complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share

The government is determined to protect its tobacco monopoly.

Is Microsoft a monopoly?

17legislation /?led?.??sle?.?? n/ noun [ U ]

a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament 法律；

法规；立法

[ + to infinitive ] The government has promised to introduce legislation to limit fuel

3. dung /d??/ noun [ U ] （动物的）粪便；（尤指）粪肥

solid waste from animals, especially cattle and horses; manure

3. swine /swa?n/ noun [ C ] ANIMAL

2. plural swine OLD USE OR SPECIALIZED a pig

3. speck /spek/ noun [ C ]

a very small mark, piece or amount 小斑点；小污点

He'd been painting the door and there were specks of paint all over the floor.

There's not a speck of (= not any) dust/dirt in their house.

6. bloodletting /?bl?d?let.??/ /-?let ?-/ noun 放血；流血

[ U ] in the past, a medical treatment in which blood was taken from a person who was ill 10 placebo /pl??si?.b??/ /-bo?/ noun [ C ] plural placebos 安慰剂

a substance given to someone who is told that it is a particular medicine, either to make

them feel as if they are getting better or to compare the effect of the particular medicine when given to others

She was only given a placebo, but she claimed she got better - that's the placebo effect .

10 therapeutic /?θer.??pju?.t?k/ /-?k/ adjective

causing someone to feel happier and more relaxed or to be more healthy

I find gardening very therapeutic.

2 Main Ideas

third one the number of the sentence

51-1 in a nutshell

using as few words as possible

Well, to put it in a nutshell, we're lost.

51-2-1 bully /?b?l.i/ noun [ C ] 仗势欺人者；横行霸道者

someone who hurts or frightens someone who is smaller or less powerful than them, often forcing them to do something they do not want to do

You're just a big bully!

51-2-10 torment/t???ment//t??r-/verb [ T ]

to cause a person or animal to suffer or worry

/?ded.b??lt//-bo?lt/noun [ C ]

US FOR mortise lock

mortise ? lock UK( US mortice lock ) noun [ C ] ( A USTRALIAN deadlock )

a lock that is inside the edge of a door, so that it cannot be seen or removed when the door

is closed

7. eviction /??v?k.?? n/ noun [ C or U ] 驱逐

After falling behind with his mortgage repayments he now faces eviction from his home.

In this economically depressed area, evictions are common.

8. cram /kr?m/ verb -mm- LEARN

2. [ I ] to try to learn a lot very quickly before an examination

for her history exam.

/pra?l/ verb [ I or T ] 潜行

to move around quietly in a place trying not to be seen or heard, such as when hunting There have been reports of a masked man prowling in the neighbourhood.

INFORMAL Unable to sleep, he prowled (= walked without purpose) (about/around) the hotel corridors.

1B. abundance /??b?n.d ? n t s/ noun [ S or U ] FORMAL

when there is more than enough of something

There was an abundance of wine at the wedding.

We had wine in abundance.

1B. campsite /?k?mp.sa?t/ noun [ C ]

( A USTRALIAN camping ground , US ALSO campground ) a piece of land where people on holiday can camp , usually with toilets and places for washing

The campsite is in a beautiful location next to the beach.

1D. rattlesnake /?r?t.l ?.sne?k/ /?r?t ?-/ noun [ C ] ( INFORMAL rattler )

a poisonous snake found in southern parts of the US which, when annoyed, produces a loud

noise by shaking its tail

2B. gang /g??/ noun [ C + sing/pl verb ]

a group of young people, especially young men, who spend time together, often fighting

with other groups and behaving badly

Fights among rival gangs account for most murders in the city.

2D. bust /b?st/ noun [ C ] ARREST突击搜捕；突击搜查

(informal) an unexpected visit made by the police in order to arrest people for doing

??l/ /mɑ?l/noun [ C ] ( ALSO shopping mall )

a large, usually covered, shopping area where cars are not allowed

There are plans to build a new mall in the middle of town.

2B. dramatically /dr??m?t.?.kli/ /-?m?t ?-/adverb A LOT

suddenly or obviously

Your life changes dramatically when you have a baby.

3D. portion/?p??.?? n/ /?p??r-/noun [ C ]

the amount of a particular food that is served to one person, especially in a restaurant or a shop which sells food ready to be eaten

The portions are very generous in this restaurant.

5A. toddler /?t?d.l? r / /?tɑ?d.l?/ noun [ C ]

spoken or physical behaviour which is threatening or involves harm to someone or something Some types of dog are bred for aggression.

n/ noun [ C ] lineman边线裁判员；司线员

an official in some sports who is responsible for deciding when the ball has crossed the line that marks the edge of the playing area

n. [军]战列步兵, 线路保养工, (足球)前卫, 边线裁判员

NFL： National Football League 全国橄榄球联盟

59-4： Register: (of figures, etc) be indicated or recorded; (of measuring instruments) indicate or record (figures, etc) automatically

（指数字等）被显示或记录；（指测量仪器）自动显示或记录（数字等）

gang up on sb: (derog) join together to hurt or frighten sb （贬义）结伙伤害或恐吓某人

囚禁；被俘；被捕

?k/ verb [ I ]

When a door or floorboard, etc. creaks, it makes a long low sound when it moves or is moved The door creaked on its hinges.

1A. settle /?set.l ?/ /?set ?-/verb MOVE LOWER沉降；下沉

[ I ] to move to a lower level and stay there; to drop

The house had been empty for years, and dust had settled on all the surfaces.

1B. gust /g?st/ noun [ C ]

a sudden strong wind

A sudden gust of wind blew his umbrella inside out.

1B. rattle/?r?t.l ?/ /?r?t ?-/verb SOUND

[ I or T ] to (cause to) make a noise like a series of knocks

The explosion rattled the cups on the table.

The dying man's voice rattled in his throat.

4 C. cholesterol/k??les.t ? r.?l/ /-t?.rɑ?l/noun [ U ] 胆固醇

a substance containing a lot of fat that is found in the body tissue and blood of all

animals, and which is thought to be part of the cause of heart disease if there is too much of it

sentence.

Paragraph1-2 preacher/?pri?.t?? r / /-t??/noun [ C ] 牧师；传道者

a person, usually a priest, who gives a religious speech

1-3：run/r?n/ verb running , ran , run SHOW播放；报道

[ T ] to show something in a newspaper or magazine, on television, etc

All the newspapers ran (= printed) stories about the new peace talks.

Channel 4 is running a series on the unfairness of the legal system.

1-3：? prime ? time noun [ U ] 黄金时间

in television and radio broadcasting, the time when the largest number of people are watching or listening

prime time TV

The interview will be broadcast during prime time.

2-1 extrasensory per ? ception noun [ U ] ( ABBREVIATION ESP ) 超感知觉

the ability to know things without using hearing, seeing, touch, taste or smell

2-4：psychic/?sa?.k?k/ noun [ C ] 有特异功能的人；有通灵术的人

a person who has a special mental ability, for example being able to know what will happen

in the future or what people are thinking

a gifted psychic

2-7: feat /fi?t/ noun [ C ] 技艺；武艺；业绩；英勇事迹

something difficult needing a lot of skill, strength, bravery, etc. to achieve it

The Eiffel Tower is a remarkable feat of engineering.

She's performed remarkable feats of organization for the office.

2-7 exploit /?k?spl??t/ verb [ T ] USE UNFAIRLY

to use someone or something unfairly for your own advantage

Laws exist to stop companies exploiting their employees.

3-1 hospice /?h?s.p?s/ /?hɑ?.sp?s/noun [ C ] 临终安养院

a hospital for people who are dying, especially from cancer

3-3: incurable/?n?kj??.r?.bl ?/ /-?kj?r.?-/adjective DISEASE

not able to be healed or cured

Parkinson's disease is a debilitating and incurable disease of the nervous system.

4-1: alert/??l??t/ /-?l??t/ adjective

quick to see, understand and act in a particular situation

I'm not feeling very alert today - not enough sleep last night!

4-6: contradict/?k?n.tr??d?kt/ /?kɑ?n-/verb [ I or T ]

(of people) to state the opposite of what someone else has said, or (of one fact or statement) to be so different from another fact or statement that one of them must be wrong

If you're both going to lie, at least stick to the same story and don't contradict each other!

4-7: fatality/f??t?l.?.ti/ /-t ?i/noun [ C ]

a death caused by an accident or by violence, or someone who has died in either of these

ways

Britain has thousands of road fatalities (= deaths on roads) every year.

4-8: detract/d??tr?kt/ verb

detract from sth phrasal verb [ not continuous ]

to make something seem less valuable or less deserving of admiration than it really is or was thought to be

All that make-up she wears actually detracts from her beauty, I think.

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Keys Unit One 1. In the Frozen Waters of Qomolangma, I Learned the Value of Humility Comprehension Exercise Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B Put the following into Chinese 1．我在想，如果出现意外，那么我那冻僵的身体需要多长时间才能沉到公里深的海底呢我紧接着意识到，对于一个仅着一条泳裤、试图游完这象征性的1公里人来说，下水前还能有什么比这更糟的念头吗我的内心深处在颤抖，感到非常恐惧。 2. 我在珠穆朗玛峰上学到了两个基本的经验教训，第一，过去有用的东西并不意味着今天一定有用。第二，不同的挑战需要不同的心态去应对。现在，无论我做什么事情，都要先问问自己我需要何种心态来成功地完成任务。 3. 我们已经以某种方式生存了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式消费了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式在地球上居住了如此之久，但这并不意味着，我们过去所做的决定今天依然正确。 4. 我在世界屋脊上的游泳改变了我，在一定程度上，我希望它证明一切皆有可能。只要我们谨慎合作，我们就有可能进行谦逊的对话，并超越对话，付诸行动。 2. Taking Lessons from What Went Wrong Comprehension Exercises Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 2. Put the following into Chinese 他们说，灾难会带来惨痛的教训，因为在技术上取得成功的原因往往是随机的、不可见的，而造成某个失败的原因通常是可以被找到、被证明和被修复的，从而达到改进的目的。 技术分析人员认为，一种建设性的冲动---以及它对深海钻探可能产生的结果，是通过分析失败的原因获得革新，革新使油井变得更安全，尽管降低对石油依赖也能带来很多好处。 几组调查人员认真研究了这座桥梁坍塌的原因，吊桥设计人员从中汲取了一些教训，其中最主要的是：要保证桥面公路的重量和围梁的强度，使之足以避免因强风引起的危险摇晃。但是工程师们似乎一致认为，调查中的发现最终将改进深海石油钻探技术---至少到下一次意想不到的悲剧发生之前，或到下一次促使技术变得更加安全的教训之前。 Dad Comprehension Exercises 1. Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 2. Put the following into Chinese 1. 他当时33岁，我4岁，他有力的大手一把握住我细小的双臂，轻而易举地把我扛上肩头，使我能居高临下地看到我想看到的一切。 2. 但是，对于一个生活在二战后的小男孩来说，父亲就像一个具有神秘力量和威力的神，超乎凡人之上，无所不能，无所不知， 3. 每天晚上他下班回来以后，我们都会练习握手。戴着克利夫兰印第安球队的旧帽子的我，蹒跚地跑向身材高大的父亲，一遍又一遍地认真同他握手，直到能够握得很紧。 4. 第二年，我的狗被车轧死，我感到悲痛难忍。这时，父亲来到我身边，用他有力的双臂

大学英语阅读教程第一册练习答案-全

Unit 1 I. Reading for information 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C II. Translation 1.但是只要说上几句话，他的口音就很容易被辨认出来。 2.他不会轻易发火，有一颗金子般的心，你很少能从他的嘴里听到攻击和批评别人的话。 3.常言道：善行胜于善言。父亲的身教对我的影响远远超过了他的言传。 4.面对生活的沧桑，大布鲁诺怎么能不提高嗓门，怎么能保持心气平和？难道力气 这么大的人不该脾气也大吗？ 5.体育明星和歌星 |、影星的确能够鼓舞人心，但是“英雄”这个头衔还是应该留给 像我父亲那样，为了自己所爱的人孜孜不卷地工作的人。 III. Summary 1.hard work, pays off 2.Big Bruno, strong in stature, a gentle spirit 3.most patient, slow to get angry, a heart of gold, a lot of friends 4. a role model, a true friend, a treasure 5.hero, does good, loves everyone, doesn ’texpect anything, in return, work tirelessly, the good race Reading Strategies(1) Skimming and Scanning I Skimming question 1 A II Skimming question 2 A teacher should? 1.be pleasantly live and attractive 2.have a genuine capacity for sympathy 3.be both intellectually and morally honest 4.be mentally alert 5.be capable of infinite patience 6.have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. III Scanning question 1 4. Classic Matches IV. Scanning question 2 1% had engaged in role-play 2% had experienced field trips 6% felt competent at writing essays 13% felt A-level courses had prepared them very well for work at university 16% had used video/audio 30% had made significant use of primary sources 3/4 felt A-level courses had prepared them fairly well for work at university 86% reported that their teachers had been more influential in their development as historians