上海新世纪英语高一课文讲解(初三衔接高中)：12---16.doc

12. Rockwell and his works

Norman Rockwell was a famous American illustrator and cover artist. Many of his works had become well-known by the middle of the 20th century. Critics spoke highly of his works. For example, according to one critic, “Most artists affect us by surprising us. Rockwell affects us by giving us exactly what we expect.” The following are just a few examples of his magazine covers.

Cover one One of the best-known of all Rockwell’s covers! This painting is made up of two parts:the upper and the lower. . @Each detail in the lower picture is carefully matched with something in the upper part, so the result is kind of humorous. In this way, the painting presents the children’s moods in a sharp contrast: very happy when setting ou t and very tired and bored when coming back.

Cover two This painting shows Rockwell’s skills as a story teller. It tells an ordinary story about a school boy. The boy is busy with his studies. Outside the window a fishing pole is ready, and the boy’s dog is waiting i mpatiently. To the boy, these last days of schoolwork before the summer vacation seem the longest. . @They appear more so as the final examination is d rawing near. This is an old story of school children, but Rockwell tells it vividly in a simple way.

Cover three In this painting, a young mother is trying hard to make up her mind: to spank or to spare her naughty child. . @The broken clock on the floor suggests that the child has behaved in an entirely natural manner. When a hammer is within his reach, he breaks something with the hammer! At the time the painting was completed, the Rockwells were already parents. So the cover story perhaps describes the artist’s own life experience. . @With this experience, Rockwell could make every detail come alive in this painting.

13. A brief look at two metropolises

NEW YORK In the 19th century, a businessman predicated that New York was going to become the centre of the world. His prediction has partly come true. . @Today, New York is often regarded as one of the financial and cultural capitals of the Western World. The United Nations has it s headquarters in the city as well.

New York, where t he world-famous twin towers of the World Trade Center were once located, is known as a city of skyscrapers. There are parks, great museums, art galleries, grand theatres and cinemas for visitors as well. However, like many other cities in the world, New York also has its own problems---noise, air pollution, crimes, traffic jams, and slums.. @Still, the fast, exciting pace of life in New York City is fascinating and this may be a reason why the city conti nues to fascinate more and more people.

LONDON London was once known as a city of fog. At that time, many Londoners did not expect that their city would change for the better. However, heavy fog is now rarely seen in London.

. @As a city with a long history, London has also gone through many changes. The days are gone when horse-drawn carriages were a common sight in the street. Now London is famous for its excellent underground service and the red double-deckers have become a symbol of the city. . @T he second half of the 20th century saw great changes in the city. Skyscrapers have sprung up; business centres for the 21st century are also growing fast.

However, London has kept its heart. People can still enjoy themselves with a cup of tea in Convent Garden(科文特加登广场). Some of the narrow roads that lead to churches

are still there,taking people back to London’s old days. . @Although there are such concerns as heavy traffic, crowded shops and dirty streets in some areas, to many people, London remains the most interesting and wonderful city in the world.

14. The time capsule of Colorado Springs

In 1901, the citizens of Colorado Springs(科罗拉多泉市) in the USA decided to collect everyday items and to sea l them in a steel box. The box was marked “To be opened after midnight, December 31st, AD 2000”, and was stored in the Colorado College Library.

. @One hundred years later, on the appointed day, 300 people gathered to watch the opening of the box.Many in the crowd were in very good condition. There were newspapers, photographs, diaries, name cards, family trees, books and dozens of letters, including one written by Theodore Roosevelt(西奥多·罗斯福，美国第26任总统), who became the President of the USA later that year. One of Roosevelt’s friends lived in Colorado Springs at that time.

Many of the letters were addressed to their descendants. They describe the hopes that the people of 1901 had for the people of the next century. At that time, Colorado Springs had just a few thousand residents. Now nearly half a million people live there.

. @Colorado College Library has scanned the materials and put them on a website. Cecil Muller, whose grandfather had placed a collection of postcards in the box, said that the time capsule was a great treasure. “This is a wonderful educational resource. We can learn so much about our history,” he said. “I never knew m y grandfather, but now I f eel close to him.”

. @In April 2001, a committee filled the time capsule with items from modern Colorado Springs and resealed it for another hundred years.

15. The growth of the Internet

. @The Internet began as a tool to connect universities and government research centres through a nationwide network.It would allow a large number of computers to exchange information and share resources. Its development was pushed forward by ARPA---the Advanced Research Projects Agency, which was established in the United States in 1958. In 1969 ARPA began to focus on communications technology. Then i n the early 1970s, the ARPA net came into being. This network laid the foundation for the Internet. In 1972, electronic mail was introduced.

. @At the same time in Europe, researchers were struggling with t heir own computer networking problems.In 1989, a scientist proposed the World Wide Web project. Over the next year or two, the proposal was discussed and revised, which resulted in the programme called the World Wide Web. In 1992, its browser software was introduced to the public.

The early browsers functioned well but were not “user-friendly”. In 1993, a group of graduated students in the USA created Mosaic---a “browser” programm e. . @Mosaic was pleasing to the eye and easy to use---just point and click. Netscape(美国网景公司) and then Microsoft followed with browsers that greatly simplified the process of surfing the Internet in search of information.

. @Today, the Internet is changing our life style, cultural patterns, business practices, and ways of learning and doing research. It helps people keep up to date on world events, find a cheap flight, play games, and discuss everything from apples to space technology. An increasing number of people shop and bank on the Internet; many do business online. It enables people to browse online hundreds of thousands of magazines and books in

libraries worldwide.

. @The Internet is not owned or controlled by any company or nation. People can use the Net at home, in offices, at schools and universities, in public libraries or “cyber cafes”. It connects people in different countries instantly through computers, satellites, and phone lines. It is making our life easier and more efficient.

“The Global Village” was coined to describe how radio and television had changed the world in the 20th century. . @In the 21st century, it seems the Internet is sure to have an even greater influence.

16. Hacking

By the end of 1946, technology had advanced so greatly as to make the electronic computer a part of life. The year 1976 saw the appearance of a more advanced type of compute r, which was performing 100 million calculations a second. This record, however, was quickly rewritten. . @The fast development of computer speed brings endless benefits to human life. There are always two sides to a thing, though.

There are problems with using computers and storing useful data in them. In 1988, a US official said that a German student had been regularly reading their top secret papers. That student had been able to carry out his break-ins without leaving home. That was a typical example of “hacking”. . @A “hacker” is a highly skilled computer user who spends his free time reading the secret files of others.

A hacker needs only to discover the password that gives entry to a network. With clever guesswork, this can be done simply by trying again and again.

A lot of hackers are only in it for fun---like Robert Schifreen and Steve Gold, who had read all the data in Prince Philip’s electronic mailbox before the police discovered the hacking.

The possibility for hackers to commit crimes is great. In the 1980s some experts pointed out that American banks were losing up to$5,000 million a year to computer crimes. Once a hacker gained entry to a bank’s system, he could order it to move large sums of money to another bank in a foreign country---just what a traditional robber would do.

. @Today computers are making life easier and far more comfortable.The evils, however, are also growing with the development of computer knowledge and techniques. . @It seems that the struggle against computer crimes will continue into the future.

Fill in the blanks using the following words:

another, other, the other, others, the others, any other, some other

another__ man’s poison.

2.There’s room for _another__ few people in the back of the bus.

3.The strike may last _another__ six weeks.

4.The little girl slowly closed one eye and then _the other___.

5.Have you __any other___ book on this subject?

6.There must be __(some) other__ ways to solve the problem.

others_ don’t.

any other_ ?

9. I don’t like this wine, I like _some other__ wine.

10.I can’t do the fourth and fifth questions but I’ve done all __the

others____.

1.In some countries, many people were killed by eating poisonous fish;

______ others were crippled for life.

A. more C. the D. most

2.Some people like to stay at home on Sunday, but ________ like to go to the cinema.

A. another

B. other D. other one

3.I have five color pencils, one is red, another is blue and _______ are green.

A. other

B. others

C. the other

4.He has a book in one hand, and a pen in ______

A. another

B. other D. others

5.This typewriter isn’t good, I want ____ typewriter.

A. some other C. other D. any other

6.Coca Cola is cheaper than ______ in this restaurant.

A. any drink

B. all drinks

D. all the drinks

7. Kim and Tony weren’t the only people in the garden. There _____

A. were some other ones C. was another

D. was some one more

8.We looked at four cars today. The first two were too expensive, but ____ ones were reasonably priced.

A. other

B. others D. another

9.Lee contributed fifty dollars, but he wished he could contributed

________.

B. the same amount also

C. one other fifty dollars

D. more fifty dollars

1.more than + 数词= over

2.more than + n. = not only

不只，不仅仅，远不止

3.more than +can/could = not 不能

4.more than + v. =very，深为

5.more than + adj./ adv. = very

非常，不仅仅，远不止

6.more than one = many a 不止一个

1.other than = but, except

a.Someone other than your brother should be appointed (as) manager.

b.You can’t get there other than by swimming.

2.other than= different(ly) from, not

a.She is other than I thought.

b.She seldom appears other than happy.

rather than = instead of 不愿，不要，不是

a.I think I’ll have a cold tea rather than coffee.

b.Rather than risk breaking up his marriage he told his wife everything.

Fill in the blanks using the following words:

more than, other than, rather than

1.The color seems green __rather than__blue.

2.He is an artist __rather than__ a philosopher..

3.There are _more than__ 60 students in our class.

4…. and until very recently no school lessons were held in languages _other than_ English.

5. _rather than_ go there I’d like to stay here on my own.

6.He __more than_ smiled, he laughed outright.

7.We missed the last bus so there was no choice __other than__ to walk home.

8. There was nothing to do __other than_ wait.

9.He is _more than__ selfish.

1. In no country _______ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

B. more than

C. better than

D. rather than

2. He came all the way to China for promoting friendship _____ for making money.

A. other than

B. more than

C. better than

3. The weather turned out to be very good, which was _____ we could expect.

A. other than

C. no more than

D. rather than

【解析】上海市南汇中学2019-2020学年高一上学期十月考试数学试题

上海南汇中学2019学年第一学期10月考试 高一数学 一、填空题(每小题3分，共12题，共36分) 1.设集合{}1,2,3A =-，集合{}23,B a =，若B A ?，则a =__________． 【答案】 【分析】 由题意得出22a =，由此可解出实数a 的值. 【详解】20a ≥Q ，且{}1,2,3A =-，{}23,B a =，B A ?，22a ∴= ，解得a = 故答案为：【点睛】本题考查利用集合的包含关系求参数，在处理有限集的问题时，还应注意集合的元素应满足互异性，考查计算能力，属于中等题. 2.用描述法表示所有被4除余1 的整数组成的集合：_________． 【答案】{} 41,x x n n Z =+∈ 【分析】 利用描述法和整除性质即可得出. 【详解】由题意知，所有被4除余1的整数组成的集合为{}41,x x n n Z =+∈. 故答案：{} 41,x x n n Z =+∈. 【点睛】本题考查描述法、数的整除性质，考查推理能力，属于基础题. 3.设集合(){},13A x y y x = =-，(){},5B x y y x ==+，则A B =I __________． 【答案】 (){}1,4- 【分析】 解方程组135 y x y x =-??=+?，求出公共解，即可得出集合A B I .

【详解】解方程组135y x y x =-??=+?，得14x y =-??=? ，因此，(){}1,4A B =-I . 故答案为：(){}1,4-. 【点睛】本题考查集合交集的计算，同时也考查了二元一次方程组的求解，在表示集合时要注意集合元素的类型，考查计算能力，属于基础题. 4.不等式1123 x <-的解集是_________． 【答案】()3, 2,2? ?-∞?+∞ ??? 【分析】 将原不等式变形为24023 x x ->-，解出该不等式即可. 【详解】由1123x <-，移项得11023x ->-，即24023x x ->-，解得32 x <或2x >. 因此，不等式1123x <-的解集是()3,2,2??-∞?+∞ ?? ?. 故答案为：()3,2,2? ?-∞?+∞ ?? ?. 【点睛】本题考查分式不等式的求解，考查运算求解能力，属于基础题. 5.已知关于x 的不等式220ax x c ++>的解集为11(,)32 -，则不等式220cx x a -+->的解集为__________． 【答案】(2,3)- 分析：不等式2 20ax x c ++>的解集为11,32??- ???，则方程220ax x c ++=的根为11,32-，利用韦达定理求参数c a 、，再解不等式220cx x a -+->即可。 详解：不等式220ax x c ++>的解集为11, 32??- ???，则方程220ax x c ++=的根为11,32-，由韦达定理可知：2111a 12326a -=-+=?=-，111c 2326 c a =-?=-?=，所以不等式

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6. Never too busy for social manners So you forgot to answer that party invitation you received. Now, the day has come and gone, and you’re feeling guilty because you never told the host you couldn’t attend. “Don’t allow this oversight(疏忽) to ruin your relationship,” says R. Thomas Boone, a US social psychologist. “I would show up with a bottle of wine and say, ‘I owe(感激，亏欠) you one. I’m really sorry’,” Boone says. . @Send an e-mail, make a phone call or reach out to the host another way. Whatever the method, do it as soon as possible. If guests don’t answer the invitations on time, the host cannot possibly plan for the correct amount of food and drink. . @This may lead to hundreds or even thousands of dollars of waste. “Everybody has a busy schedule now,” B oone says. If you know you are forgetful when it comes to making phone calls, try emailing your RSVPs as soon as the invitation arrives. RSVP is the short form of the French phrase “répondez s’il vous pla?t”, meaning “Reply, if you please”. The following are some commonly used terms in invitation letters and their meanings. . @Be sure to know these and answer invitations properly. RSVP, REGRETS ONLY Only guests who can’t attend need reply. You need to give a proper reason why you can’t attend. RSVP BY… Gue sts should respond with yes or no by the date indicated on the invitation. Setting a date gives guests a deadline. It is also a deadline for the host to connect guests who haven’t reply. RSVP BY E-MAIL . @Guests can respond by e-mail. Unlike phone calls, e-mails can be sent without regard to time of day or location. 7. Holidays and festivals in the United Kingdom . @There are many national holidays in the United Kingdom. Among them, Easter, and Christmas are two of the most famous. EASTER The date of Easter varies each year. It usually falls in March or April. During the Easter holiday, people give each other chocolate Easter eggs. The eggs are opened and eaten on Easter Sunday. On Good Friday (the day before Easter, when Christians observe the day on which Christ died), hot cross buns(复活节前一个星期五吃的十字面包) are sold. They are toasted and eaten with butter. Easter Monday (the day after Easter) is a Bank Holiday. On that day, banks and other major businesses are closed; people may enjoy a trip to the seaside or watch an exciting sports game, such as football, or horse-racing. CHRISTMAS For most British families, Christmas is certainly the most important holiday of the year. Families decorate their houses in bright colours. Usually a Christmas tree is placed in the front room,shining with coloured lights and interesting decorations. On the morning of Christmas Day (December 25), many people go to church to celebrate the birth of Christ(耶稣基督). . @In the afternoon, they stay at home and open the gifts that were gathered around the tree. Later, they may watch the Queen appear on television to deliver her traditional Christmas message to the whole country.. @In the evening, the families sit down to a big goose (sometimes turkey) dinner. They round off the meal with pudding, a Christmas specialty. Many traditions are connected with Christmas. For children, the most important one is that of receiving gifts. On Christmas Eve (December 24), they usually leave a long stocking hanging by the bed or by the fireplace. They hope that Father Christmas will

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