2010年英语专八真题及其答案

2010年英语专八真题及其答案

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)

-GRADE EIGHT-

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.

Paralinguistic Features of Language

In face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.

First category: vocal paralinguistic features

A.(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________

B.Examples

1. whispering: need for secrecy

2. breathiness: deep emotion

3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________

4. nasality: anxiety

5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacy

Second category: physical paralinguistic features

A.facial expressions

1.(3)_______ (3)__________

----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome

2.less common expressions

----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest

----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________

B.gesture

gestures are related to culture.

1.British culture

----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________

----- scratching head: puzzlement

2.other cultures

----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________

----- pointing at nose: secret

C.proximity, posture and echoing

1.proximity: physical distance between speakers

----- closeness: intimacy or threat

----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________

Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________

2.posture

----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indeicate(9)_____ (9)________

----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude

3.echoing

----- definition: imitation of similar posture

----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________

----- conscious imitation: mockery

SECTION B INTERVIEW

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview.

1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity means

A. merging of different cultural identities.

B. more emphasis on homogeneity.

C. embracing of more ethnic differences.

D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.

2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?

A. Some places are more diverse than others.

B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.

C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.

D. American is a truly diverse country.

3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?

A. Maine

B. Selinsgrove

C. Philadelphia

D. California

4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates that

A. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.

B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.

C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.

D. older populations are more racially diverse.

5. According to the interview, religious diversity

A. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.

B. exists among Muslim immigrants.

C. is restricted to certain places in the US.

D. is spreading to more parts of the country.

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.

Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.

Now listen to the news.

6. What is the main idea of the news item?

A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.

B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.

C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.

D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.

Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.

Now listen to the news.

7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measu re to control inflation?

A. Foreign investment.

B. Donor support.

C. Price control.

D. Bank prediction.

8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?

A. 20 million percent.

B. 2.2 million percent.

C. 11.2 million percent.

D. Over 11.2 million percent.

Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.

Now listen to the news.

9. Which of the following is CORRECT?

A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.

B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.

C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.

D. A big fire took place on two floors.

10. The likely cause of the big fire is

A. electrical short-cut.

B. lack of fire-satefy measures.

C. terrorism.

D. not known.

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)

In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.

TEXT A

Still, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for pros perity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.

Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman f or the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred

upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.

From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kol kata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pul lers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”

While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera（防护评估和研究机构）. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers（拾破烂的人）and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.

There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic ab out banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.

When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As mig rant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found durin g the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar（司令官）told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”

But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part

of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.

“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.

“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.

“When will it be decided?”

“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.

11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPT

A. taking foreign tourists around the city.

B. providing transport to school children.

C. carrying store supplies and purchases

D. carrying people over short distances.

12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?

A. They come from a relatively poor area.

B. They are provided with decent accommodation.

C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.

D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.

13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4

paragraph) means that even so,

A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.

B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.

C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.

D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.

14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people

A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.

B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.

C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.

D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.

15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?

A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.” (2 paragraph)

B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.” (4 paragraph)

C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph).

D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely ever y thing but umbrellas.” (6

paragraph)

16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest

A. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.

B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.

C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.

D. the slowness in processing options.

TEXT B

Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).

The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.

Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.

At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar

systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.

Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."

Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.

Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.

As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."

Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.

But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.

How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2b15972357.html, will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.

Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.

And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.

For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."

17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are

rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)

A. Lines are symbolic of America’s de mocracy.

B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.

C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.

D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.

18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?

A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.

B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.

C. First-class passenger status at airports.

D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.

19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)

A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.

B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.

C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.

D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.

20. What is the tone of the passage?

A. Instructive.

B. Humorous.

C. Serious.

D. Teasing.

TEXT C

A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.

It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.

21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests that

A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.

B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..

C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.

D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.

22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT

A. “…turned Babylonian”.

B. “perhaps a new barbarism’.

C. “acres of white napery”.

D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.

23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended

to

A. please simple people in a simple way.

B. exploit gullible people like him.

C. satisfy a demand that already existed.

D. provide relaxation for tired young men.

24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?

A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.

B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.

C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.

D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.

25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that

A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.

B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.

C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.

D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.

26. The author’s attitude to the café is

A. fundamentally critical.

B. slightly admiring.

C. quite undecided.

D. completely neutral.

TEXT D

I Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”

When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.

Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”

The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and

spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.

“We have to live,” Halldór Ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. “We have a right to live.”

27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of

A. environmental value.

B. commercial value.

C. potential value for tourism.

D. great value for livelihood.

28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?

A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.

B. The project would lower life expectancy.

C. The project would cause environmental problems.

D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.

29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT

A. fewer fishing companies.

B. fewer jobs available.

C. migration of young people.

D. impostion of fishing quotas.

30. The 4 paragraph in the passage

A. sums up the main points of the passage.

B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.

C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.

D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?

A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.

B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.

C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.

D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.

32. The first city ever founded in Canada is

A. Quebec.

B. Vancouver.

C. Toronto.

D. Montreal.

33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?

A. 1770.

B. 1788.

C. 1900.

D. 1901.

34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was

issued by

A. Abraham Lincoln.

B. Thomas Paine.

C. George Washington.

D. Thomas Jefferson.

35. ________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..

A. Will Blake

B. W.B. Yeats

C. Robert Browning

D. William Wordsworth

36. The Financier is written by

A. Mark Twain.

B. Henry James.

C. William Faulkner.

D. Theodore Dreiser.

37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as

A. allegory.

B. sonnet.

C. blank verse.

D. rhyme.

38. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.

A. Language acquisition

B. Language comprehension

C. Language production

D. Language instruction

39. The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of ________ in

morphology.

A. backformation

B. conversion

C. blending

D. acronym

40. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway serves

A. an expressive function.

B. an informative function.

C. a performative function.

D. a persuasive function.

Part IV Proofreading & Error Correction (15 min)

The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided

at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word

you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank

provided at the end of the line.

EXAMPLE

When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit,

it ╱

never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.

1

________

an

2

________ never

3

________

exhibit So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and

perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say.

There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. Whereas this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms for similar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important.

Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ? 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9

10

PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的, 容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间, 情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交; 反之, 则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉, 再亲密, 也不能随便过头，不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破, 友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过

于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May; that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace（空隙）far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)

Recently newspapers have reported that officials（行政人员）in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a “central business district（商业中心区）” for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it a n entirely new look. The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings. Tis（技术信息系统）triggered （引起）off different responses. Some appreciated the bold(大胆的) innovation of the design, but others held that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage（当地文化遗产）. What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

—THE END –

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)

答案解析及听力原文：

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

Paralinguistic features of languages

Good morning, everyone. Today we'll continue our discussion on describing language. Last week we examined such features of language as grammar, vocabulary, the sounds of language, etc. In this lecture, we'll look at another important aspect of language. Perhaps some of you may wonder what is this important aspect of language. Let me tell you. It refers to features of communication that takes place without the use of grammar and vocabulary. They are cal led ‘paralinguistic features of language'. These features fall into two broad categories: those that involve voice and those that involve the body.

Now, the first category, is what we call vocal paralinguistic features. Vocal features are actually tones of voice. While they are, perhaps, not central to meaning in communication in the same way as grammar or vocabulary, they may, nevertheless, convey attitude or intention in some way. Let me give you some examples. The first is whispering, which indicates the needs for secrecy. The second is breathiness. This is to show deep emotion. The third is huskiness, which is to show unimportants. The

fourth is nasality. This is to indicate anxiety. The last is extra lip-rounding, which expresses greater intimacy, expecially with babies, for example. So we can see that there are a number of ways of altering our tone of voice. And when we do this consciously, we do it to create different effects in communication. Now, let's come to the second category, physical paralinguistic features, which involves the body. In addition to convey meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intentions through the ways in which we use our bodies. You may ask: what are the ways, then? Let me sight some brief examples. The expression on our face, the gestures we make and even proximity or way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages. About how we feel, or what we mean. Let me explain some of these in more detail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful conveyer of meaning. We all know smiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance, raising eye-brows - suggest that you are surprised or interested in something. Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates that you are deep in thinking, or are uncertain about something;

compressing the lips, which show that you are making decisions; and a visible clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too. The second in this category is gesture. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings. Though I have to emphasize that the actual gestures we use may be specific to particular cultures. That is to say different cultures have their own favorite gestures in conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of ‘I don't care', or ‘I don't know'. Crossing your arms may indicate relaxation. But it can also powerfully show you are bored. Waving can mean welcome and farewell. While scratching your head may indicate that you are at a loss. In other cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are telling the truth. Pointing your finger at your nose means it's a secret. That's why we say that gestures are culture bound. The third is proximity, posture and echoing. Proximity refers to the physical distance between speakers. This can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or

threat to many speakers. But distance may show formality, or lack of interest. Once again, I'd like to say, proximity is also both a matter of personal style, and is often culture bound. So, what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as an informal party, but completely out of place in other situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the way in which someone holds his or her body, especially the back, shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting. A few examples. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is happy or not. A lowered head when speaking to a superior, with or without eye contact can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand, direct level eye contact, changes the nature of interaction, and can been seen as either open or challenging. Last, echoing. Now, what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree each other, they would likely, though unconsciously adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of each

other. They sit or stand in the same manor. When used in this way, echoing appears to complement the verbal communication. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is marking at another speaker.

Ok, in today's lecture, we looked at some paralinguistic features, such as tone of voice, gesture and posture. These features, together with linguistic features of language, like grammar, or vocabulary, are all part of the way we communicate with each other in face to face encounters. In our next lecture, we'll watch some video material, and see how people actually use paralinguistic means in communication to express their intention or desire or mood.

整理一下，整篇文章的要点非常清晰：

I. Vocal Paralinguistic Features

1. whispering- the needs for secrecy

2. breathiness- deep emotion

3. huskiness- unimportants

4. nasality- anxiety

5. extra lip-rounding- greater intimacy

II. physical paralinguistic features

1. facial expression- powerful conveyer of meaning.

--e.g.1 smiling: pleasure or welcome

--e.g.2 raising eye-brows: surprised or interested in something

--e.g.3 biting your lip:deep in thinking/ uncertain about something

--e.g.4 compressing the lips: making decisions

--e.g.5 clenching of the teeth: angry

2. gesture- culture bound

--e.g.1 shrugging shoulders: 'I don't care', or 'I don't know'

--e.g.2 crossing your arms: relaxation/ bored

--e.g.3 waving: welcome and farewell

--e.g.4 scratching your head: at a loss

--e.g.5 placing your hand upon your heart: telling the truth

--e.g.6 pointing your finger at your nose: it's a secret

3. proximity, posture and echoing

1). proximity: personal style & culture bound

--e.g.1 closeness: intimacy, threat

--e.g.2 distance: fomality, lack of interest

2). posture: the way in which someone holds his or her body

--e.g.1 Hunched shoulders and a hanging head: happy or not

--e.g.2 A lowered head, eye contact: the

appropriate relationship

--e.g.3 direct level eye contact: open or challenging

3). echoing: to complement the verbal communication

运用各种自己熟悉的笔记符号，将上述列表中的内容快速记下来，只可以更少，不能更多。很多学生在考场上抱

着贪多的心理，事无巨细均想记录，反而在不停笔中错

过了该要记住的要点。

1 tones of voice

2 huskiness

3 universal signal;

4 thought or uncertainty

5 indifference

6 honesty

7 distance;

8 situation;

9 mood; 10 unconsciously same posture

SECTION B INTERVIEW

1. C

2. A

3. D

4. A

5. C

6. B

7.C

8. D

9. D 10. A

PART II READING COMPREHENSION

11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D

20.B

21. A 22.B 23. B 24.B 25. C 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.A 30.C

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)

31. Which of the following is INCORRECT

答案D：The British Constituiton includes one single written constitution

答题技巧：首先注意题干INCORRECT, 根据常识判断英国宪法为不成文宪法；故本题选择D，其他选项更为细节，

2010年专八真题点评(王长喜)

整体格局参考专四真题点评，仍为8K，页眉左手页写“专四7套真题”，右手页写年代。 下面一套页眉写“2010年真题点评”，从第1页起排。 PARTⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION Paralinguistic Features of Language In face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tones of voices or change their physical posture in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories. I. First category: vocal paralinguistic features A. (1) : to express attitude or intention B. examples 1. whispering: need for secrecy 2. breathiness: deep emotion 3. (2) : unimportance 4. nasality: anxiety 5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacy II. Second category: physical paralinguistic features A. facial expressions 1. (3) — smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome 2. less common expressions — eyebrow raising: surprise or interest — lip biting: (4) B. gesture Gestures are related to culture. 1. British culture — shrugging shoulders: (5) — scratching head: puzzlement 2. other cultures — placing hand upon heart: (6) — pointing at nose: secret C. proximity, posture and echoing 1. proximity: physical distance between speakers — closeness: intimacy or threat — (7) : formality or absence of interest Proximity is person-, culture- and (8) -specific. 2. posture — hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate (9) — direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude 3. echoing — definition: imitation of similar posture — (10) : aid in communication — conscious imitation: mockery 中间 Paralinguistic features of languages Good morning, everyone. Today we’ll continue our discussion on describing language. Last week we examined such features of language as grammar, vocabulary, the sounds of language, etc. In this lecture, we’ll look at another important aspect of language. Perhaps some of you may

2009年英语专业八级真题附答案

2009年英语专业八级真题答案 In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Writing Experimental Reports I.Content of an experimental report, e.g. --- study subject/ area --- study purpose --- ____1____ II.Presentation of an experimental report --- providing details --- regarding readers as _____2_____ III.Structure of an experimental report --- feature: highly structured and ____3____ --- sections and their content: INTRODUCTION ____4____; why you did it METHOD how you did it RESULT what you found out ____5____ what you think it shows IV. Sense of readership --- ____6____: reader is the marker --- ____7____: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of your study --- tasks to fulfill in an experimental report: ? introduction to relevant area ? necessary background information ? development of clear arguments ? definition of technical terms ? precise description of data ____8____ V. Demands and expectations in report writing --- early stage: ? understanding of study subject/area and its implications ? basic grasp of the report's format --- later stage: ? ____9____ on research significance --- things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION: ? inadequate material ? ____10____ of research justification for the study

历年专业八级考试真题：翻译

历年专业八级考试真题：翻译 历年专业八级考试真题：翻译 Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones （标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another. 参考译文： 欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支

2005年-2016年考研英语一翻译真题汇总

05 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.

2005年英语专八试卷真题及答案

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN) TEXT A I remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side. I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile -Charlie Chaplin's smile. "Arch, it's Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana." He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow. "You haven't sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously. He shrugged his shoulders. "What can I do? No one seems to want them." It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York building, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father's bananas. "I ought to yell," said my father dolefully. "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool. " I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father. "I'll yell for you, pop," I volunteered. "Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I'll be late." But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent

1996年高等院校英语专业八级考试翻译试题

1996年高等院校英语专业八级考试 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2b15972357.html,/tem8/tem-8-96translation.htm C-E原文： 近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。 在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。 法国人的名片讲究朴素大方，印制精美，但很少有镶金边儿的，闪光多彩的或带香味的，名片上的字体纤细秀丽，本人的名字也不过分突出，整张纸片上空白很大，毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。 参考译文： Version 1: In reading recent newspapers, I have come to find that people in China have become more and more interested in discussing name cards and invitation letters. This reminds me of the name cards and invitation

letters of the French people that I saw when I was sojourning in Paris. In writing down those random reminiscences, I believe that they might provide some useful information for us to learn. In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way. The French tend to take extraordinary precaution in making their name cards, simple yet elegant. Exquisitely designed and printed, their name cards are seldom golden-framed, or colorfully shiny, or tinted with fragrant smells. The letters which appearing on their name cards tend to be diminutive but beautiful, not allowing the name of the card-bearer t be overly prominent / salient. The entire card leaves much empty space, imparting no sense of over-crowdedness.

2015年考研英语一翻译真题解析

2015年考研英语一翻译真题解析 一、来源：今年的文章来源于An outline of American history(1954)(《美国历史纲要(1954年英文版)》)，是其中一章The Colonial Period(殖民时期)的节选。这个符合历年来翻译的考查规律，往往都是从书籍中节选段落进行翻译，内容相对于阅读而言，相对于2014年“贝多芬”而言，有些难懂。 二、难度：5句话共151词，相当平稳。其中48题最长，35词;50题最简单，24词。可以说，不同基础的同学都可以从中找到自己熟悉的部分，不至于在这个题上一分未得。 三、句型特点：今年的5句话中，有2句(46，48)是简单句，另外3句(47，49，50)是复合句。其中的复合句无一例外都考查的是定语从句的翻译，并没有涉及到其他从句类型。简单句中考查最多的也是后置定语的翻译。所以，中公考研考前为大家预测的难点中，定语的翻译是绝对考点和重点。 四、逐题详解： 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 重点词组：out of a wilderness(摆脱荒凉)，by its nature(就其本质而言，从本质来说)，uncharted(未知的;图上未标明的)。 结构分析：整个句子是一个简单句，由and并列谓语动词built和shaped。driven by powerful and diverse motivations是后置定语，修饰movement;out of a wilderness是后置定语，修饰nation;of an uncharted continent是后置定语，修饰character and destiny。 参考译文：这项运动，由多种强大的动机驱动，建立了一个摆脱荒凉的国家，并且从本质上来讲，塑造了一块不为人熟悉的大陆的性格和命运。 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 重点词组：product(产物)，principal(主要的;首要的)，peoples(民族)，impact(影响) 结构分析：句子的主干是The United States is the product of two principal forces，破折号解释说明forces。of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics是后置定语，修饰immigration;of a new country which modified these traits是后置定语，修饰impact，其中包含一个定语从句which modified these traits，修饰country。 参考译文：美国是两股主要力量的产物——带有不同思想、风俗习惯和国家特征的欧洲民族的移民，和修改这些特征的新兴国家的影响。 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the carried national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. 重点词组：peculiar(特有的，独特的)，interplay(互相影响)，sheer(独特的) 结构分析：整个句子是简单句，主语由三个名词短语用and并列承担，谓宾部分比较短小caused significant changes。主语1中，of geographic conditions peculiar to America是后置

2016专八真题翻译题及答案详解

2016年专八翻译题及答案详解 “流逝”表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫。”他们发现无论是潺潺小溪，还是浩荡大河，都一去不复返，流逝之际青年变成了老翁而绿草转眼就枯黄，很自然有错阴的紧迫感。流逝也许是缓慢的，但无论如何缓慢，对流逝的恐惧使人们必须用“流逝”这个词来时时警戒后人，必须急匆匆地行动，给这个词灌注一种紧张感。 【参考译文1】 They have found that the flowing water,either a murmuring stream or a mighty river, passes quickly and never returns. With the passage of time, the young become the old and the green grass turns yellow. People naturallyhave a sense of urgency to value every bit of time. As time goes by,no matter how slowly it elapses, people always use the word “liushi” to warn thelater generations for fear of time’s flowing away. They tell their descendants to treasure every single minute and make a hurried action, which adds a sense of tension to the word. 【参考译文2】 They find that either a murmuring stream or a mighty river has gone forever and that the passage of time turns a young man into an old one, and yellows of the grass, which sends a massage of how time flies. Maybe the passing of time is slow. But no matter how slow it is, it makes people so fearful that they use “passage” to warn the later generations to rush. And the use of “passage” also infuses a sense of tension into the word. 【参考译文3】

历年英语六级翻译真题汇总

六级翻译 helj 2011/4/12 令狐采学 10/12) 82.There is no denying that you __________________________________ (越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter. 83.Only when I reached my thirties _____________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的). 84. Much _________________________________(使研究人员感到惊讶), the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected. 85. Oh, my, I can’t find my key; ______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了). 86. I ____________________________________________ (宁愿加入你们去做义工) than go to the beach for a holiday. (10\06) 82.___(他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leavethem and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties. 83.Before you take any action, please remember to ___ (权衡你的决

定会产生的后果).84. He assured his friend that under no circumstances ___ (他会违背还钱的承诺).85. Most educators advise that kids ___ (不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86. Business major as he is, he has ___ (从未考虑过从事推销员工作). (09\12 ) 82. How long does a jacket like this last me? — (这要看你多长时间穿一次). 83. The theory he advanced has proved (对许多传统概念的一种挑战). 84. The manager (本可以亲自参加会议), but he was called away for some urgent business abroad. 85. Both research and practical experience have shown that a (均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的). 86. Much (我感到遗憾), I was unable to finish the work on time. (09/06) 82.With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk ________ (说服他不买车). 83.________ (保持幽默有助于) reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today’s competitive society.. 84.When confronted with the evidence, ________ (他不得不坦白

2010专八真题及答案.doc

2010 专八真题及答案 【篇一：2010 英语专八真题及答案(word 完整版)】>test for english majors (2010) -grade eight- part i section a listening comprehension (35 min) mini-lecture in this section you will hear a mini-lecture. you will hear the lecture once only. while listening, take notes on the important points. your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on answer sheet one. use the blank sheet for note-taking. complete the gap-filling task. some of the gaps below may require a maximum of three words. make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically semantically acceptable. you may refer to your notes. paralinguistic features of language in face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. these means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories. first category: vocal paralinguistic features a. (1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________ b. examples 1. whispering:need for secrecy 2. breathiness:deep emotion 3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________ 4. nasality:anxiety 5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacy second category: physical paralinguistic features a. facial expressions 1. (3)_______ (3)__________ ----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome 2. less common expressions ----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest ----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________

2011年英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011) GRADE EIGHT TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture. Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures. I. High-context culture A. feature - context: more important than the message - meaning: (1)__________ i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itself B. examples - personal space - preference for (3)__________ - less respect for privacy / personal space - attention to (4)___________ - concept of time - belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time - no concern for punctuality - no control over time II. Low-context culture A. feature - message: separate from context - meaning: (6)___________ B. examples - personal space - desire / respect for individuality / privacy - less attention to body language