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2010英语专业八级真题与详细解析

专业英语八级真题2010年

PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION

In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is(are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

SECTION A

Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.

Paralinguistic Features of Language

In face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tones of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which

fail into two categories.

I. First category: vocal paralinguistic features

A. (1)______: to express attitude or intention

(1)______

B. examples

1. whispering:need for secrecy

2. breathiness:deep emotion

3. (2)______: unimportance

4. nasality: anxiety

5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacy

(2)______

II. Second category: physical paralinguistic features

A. facial expressions

1. (3)______

-- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome

(3)______

2. less common expressions

-- eye brow raising: surprise or interest

-- lip biting: (4)______

(4)______

B. gesture

Gestures are related to culture.

1. British culture

-- shrugging shoulders: (5)______

-- scratching head: puzzlement

(5)______

2. other cultures

-- placing hand upon heart: (6)______

-- pointing at nose: secret

(6)______

C. proximity, posture and echoing

1. proximity: physical distance between speakers

-- closeness: intimacy or threat

-- (7)______: formality or absence of interest

(7)______

Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)______-specific.

(8)______

2. posture

-- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate (9)______

-- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude

(9)______

3. echoing

-- definition: imitation of similar posture

-- (10)______: aid in communication

-- conscious imitation: mockery

(10)______

SECTION B

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the

correct answer to each question.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

1、 According to Dr Johnson, diversity means

[A] merging of different cultural identities. [B] more emphasis on homogeneity.

[C] embracing of more ethnic differences. [D] acceptance of more branches of Christianity.

2、 According to the interview, which of the following statements is CORRECT?

[A] Some places are more diverse than others. [B] Towns are less diverse than large cities.

[C] Diversity can be seen everywhere. [D] America is a truly diverse country.

3、 According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?

[A] Maine. [B] Selinsgrove.

[C] Philadelphia. [D] California.

4、 During the interview Dr Johnson indicates that

[A] greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.

[B] both older and younger populations are racially diverse.

[C] age diversity could lead to pension problems.

[D] older populations are more racially diverse.

5、 According to the interview, religious diversity

[A] was most evident between 1990 and 2000. [B] exists among Muslim immigrants.

[C] is restricted to certain places in the US. [D] is spreading to more parts of the country.

SECTION C

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the

correct answer to each question on.

6、Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.

What is the main idea of the news item?

[A] Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.

[B] Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.

[C] The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.

[D] Reader devices are available at stores and stations.

Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20seconds to answer the questions.

7、 Which of the following is mentioned as the government's measure to control inflation?

[A] Foreign investment. [B] Donor support.

[C] Price control. [D] Bank prediction.

8、 According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?

[A] 20 million percent. [B] 2.2 million percent.

[C] 11.2 million percent. [D] Over 11.2 million percent.

Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of

the news item, you will be given 20seconds to answer the questions.

9、 Which of the following is CORRECT?

[A] A big fire erupted on the Nile River. [B] Helicopters were used to evacuate people.

[C] Five people were taken to hospital for burns. [D] A big fire took place on two floors.

10、 The likely cause of the big fire is

[A] electrical short-circuit. [B] lack of

fire-safety measures.

[C] terrorism. [D] not known. PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION

TEXT A

In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

Among the great cities of the world, Kolkata (formerly spelt as Calcutta), the capital of India's West Bengal, and the home of nearly

15 million people, is often mentioned as the only one that still has

a large fleet of hand-pulled rickshaws.

Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. It's the people

in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws -- not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafes or comer stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are school children.

Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.

From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains. During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn't

be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers' waists. When it's raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, "When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws." While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published

its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India's 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a few hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera--a combination of garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until

you've visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited.A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.

There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw,because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their

station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically,some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of

Kolkata's Telegraph--Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who

still writes history books -- told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coining down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. "I refuse to be carried by another human being myself," he said, "but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood." Rickshaw supporters point out that when it conies to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.

When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government's plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head -- a gesture I interpreted to mean, "If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on." Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their

livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don't have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata's sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything -- or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. "The government was the government of the poor people," one sardar told me. "Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get

rid of poor people."

But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations -- or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they're supplanted by more modem conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers.It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, "has difficulty letting go." One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.

"Which option has been chosen?" I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.

"That hasn't been decided," he said.

"When will it be decided?"

"That hasn't been decided," he said.

11、 According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following purposes EXCEPT

[A] taking foreign tourists around the city. [B] providing transport to school children.

[C] can-ying store supplies and purchases.[D] carrying people over short distances.

12、 Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?

[A] They come from a relatively poor area. [B] They are provided with decent accommodation.

[C] Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.

[D] They are often caught by policemen in the streets.

13、 That "For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar"(4th paragraph)means that even so, [A] the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar. [B] the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.

[C] the poor never try to make a living in Bihan [D] the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.

14、 We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people

[A] hold ,nixed feelings towards rickshaws. [B] strongly support the ban on rickshaws.

[C] call for humanitarian actions for rickshaw pullers.

[D] keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.

15、 Which of the following statements conveys the author's sense of humour?

[A] "... -- not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor." (2nd paragraph)

[B] "..., which sounds like a pretty good deal until you've

visited a dera." (4th paragraph)

[C] Kolkata, a resident told me, "has difficulty letting go." (7th paragraph)

[D] "...or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas." (6th paragraph)

16、 The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest

[A] the uncertainty of the court's decision. [B] the inefficiency of the municipal government.

[C] the difficulty of finding a good solution. [D] the slowness in processing options.

TEXT B

Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to some customer-loyalty experts).

The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers (people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.

Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight

attendant, are allowed to foul the Jet-way.

At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line.

This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to

jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to

Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.

Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you,especially when

it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada -- get this -- "We have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."

Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting

to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.

Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people.This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.

As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f618084320.html,wmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."

Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators,

lest they have to queue with their constituents.

But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the

orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore

not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.

How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f618084320.html, will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before

departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.

Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.

And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving

into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do -- unhappily.

For those of us in the latter group -- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder-what do we do?We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot："We wait．We are bored．"

17、What does the following sentence mean?“Once the most democratic of institutions，lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers，mostly．”(2nd paragraph)

[A] Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy． [B] Lines still give Americans equal opportunities．

[C] Lines are now for ordinary Americans only． [D] Lines are for people with democratic spirit only．

18、Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?

[A] Going through the customs at a Canadian airport．

[B] Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks．

[C] First-class passenger status at airports．

[D] Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder．

19、We can infer from the passage that politicians(including mayors and Congressmen)

[A] prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people． [B] advocate the value of waiting in lines．

[C] believe in and practice waiting in lines． [D] exploit waiting in lines for their own good．

20、What is the tone of the passage?

[A] Instructive． [B] Humorous．

[C] Serious． [D] Teasing．

TEXT C

A bus took him to the West End，where，among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination，shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire，he found the caf4 of his choice，a tea-shop that had

gone mad and turned Babylonian，a white palace with ten thousand lights．It towered above the older buildings like a citadel，which indeed it was，the outpost of a new age，perhaps a new civilization，perhaps a new barbarism；and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel，just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence，balanced to the last halfpenny．Somewhere in the background，hidden away,behind the ten thousand lights and acres

of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots，behind

the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists，behind the mounds

of cauldrons of stewed steak，the vanloads of ices，were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farthing，who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney

pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress(five feet four in height and in average health)would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen lift to the table in the far comer．In short，there was a warm，sensuous，vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys，and a cold science working in the basement．Such was the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched，in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury．Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world．looted whole kingdoms，and never arrived in such luxury．The place was built for him．

It was built for a great many other people too，and，as usual，

they were all there．It steamed with humanity．The marble entrance hall，piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes，was as crowded and

bustling as a railway station．The gloom and grime of the streets，

the raw air，all November，were at once left behind，forgotten：the atmosphere inside was golden，tropical，belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery．Disdaining the lifts，Turgis，once more excited by the sight，sound，and smell of it all，climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favorite floor，where an orchestra，

led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects，acted as a magnet to a thousand

girls．The door was swung open for him by a page；there burst，like a sugary bomb，the clatter of cups，the shrill chatter of white-and-vermilion girls，and，cleaving the golden，scented air,the sensuous clamour of the strings；and，as he stood hesitating a moment，half dazed，there came，bowing，a sleek grave man，older than he was and

far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be，who murmured deferentially：“For one，sir?This way，please．"Shyly，yet

proudly,Turgis followed him．

21、That"behind the thin marble front were concrete and

steel"suggests that

[A] modem realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance．

[B] there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal

of the cafe．

[C] the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new

building materials．

[D] the caf6 was based on physical foundations and real economic strength．

22、 The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT

[A] "...turned Babylonian". [B] "perhaps a new barbarism".

[C] "acres of white napery". [D] "balanced to the last halfpenny".

23、 In its context the statement that"the place was built for him" means that the card was intended to

[A] please simple people in a simple way.[B] exploit gullible people like him.

[C] satisfy a demand that already existed.[D] provide relaxation

for tired young men.

24、 Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?

[A] The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.

[B] The café was both full of people and full of warmth.

[C] The inside of the eafé was contrasted with the weather outside.

[D] It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.

25、 The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that

[A] the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.

[B] the orchestra is compared to a magnet.

[C] Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.

[D] the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.

26、The author's attitude to the café is

[A] fundamentally critical. [B] slightly admiring.

[C] quite undecided. [D] completely neutral.

TEXT D

Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe's last pristine wilderness. But the

environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can't do anything about. But the truth is, once you're off the beaten paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, so Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited -- the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of

the "Mona Lisa."

When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company

to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter (冶炼厂), those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the

world's richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long

life expectancy. But the project's advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country's century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children

dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit -- a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it

still largely does.

Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions-the remote and sparsely populated east -- where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave

them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old

way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. "Smelter or death."

The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially

could be sold to the rest of the world;diversify an economy

historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.

"We have to live," Halldor Asgrimsson said. Halldor, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project."We have a right to live."

27、 According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of

[A] environmental value.[B] commercial value.

[C] potential value for tourism. [D] great value for livelihood.

28、 What is Iceland's old-aged advocates' feeling towards the Alcoa project'?

[A] Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.

[B] The project would lower life expectancy.

[C] The project would cause environmental problems.

[D] The project symbolizes an end to the colonial legacies.

29、 The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT

[A] fewer fishing companies. [B] fewer jobs available.

[C] migration of young people. [D] imposition of fishing quotas.

30、 The 4th paragraph in the passage

[A] sums up the main points of the passage. [B] starts to discuss an entirely new point.

[C] elaborates on the last part of the 3rd paragraph.

[D] continues to depict the bleak economic situation.

PART Ⅲ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers.

31、 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

[A] The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.

[B] The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.

[C] The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.

[D] The British constitution includes one single written constitution.

32、 The first city ever founded in Canada is

[A] Quebec. [B] Vancouver.

[C] Toronto. [D] Montreal.

33、 When did the Australian Federation officially come into being'?

[A] 1770. [B] 1788.

[C] 1900. [D] 1901.

34、 The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued by

[A] Abraham Lincoln. [B] Thomas Paine.

[C] George Washington. [D] Thomas Jefferson.

35、______is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems.

[A] William Blake [B] W.B. Yeats

[C] Robert Browning [D] William Wordsworth

36、 The Financier is written by

[A] Mark Twain. [B] Henry James.

[C] William Faulkner. [D] Theodore Dreiser.

37、 In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as

[A] allegory. [B] sonnet.

[C] blank verse.[D] rhyme.

38、______refers to the learning and development of a language.

[A] Language acquisition [B] Language comprehension

[C] Language production [D] Language instruction

39、 The word"Motel"comes from"motor+hotel". This is an example

of______in morphology.

[A] back formation [B] conversion

[C] blending [D] acronym

40、 Language is a tool of communication. The symbol "Highway Closed" on a highway serves

[A] an expressive function. [B] an informative function.

[C] a performative function. [D] a persuasive function.

PART Ⅳ PROOFREADDING & ERROR CORRECTION

The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case,only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct

one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally

complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,

every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say

the (1)______

things their speakers want to

say. (2)______

There may or may not be appropriate to talk about

primitive (3)______

peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice. Whereas this is not

the (4)______

fault of their language. The Eskimos, it is said, can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can

in (5)______

English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes mis-called 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a

defect (6)______

in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in

similar (7)______

environments. The English language will be just as rich in

terms (8)______

for different kinds of snow if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinctions as

important. (9)______

Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo

language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of

the (10)______

Eskimos' llife.

PART Ⅴ TRANSLATION

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation.

1、朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再

熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破，友

好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，

就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation.

1、I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which

could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains,and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that

in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon

the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.

PART Ⅵ WRITING

1、 Recently newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a "central business district" for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it an entirely new look. The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings. This triggered off different responses. Some appreciated the bold innovation of the design, but others held that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage. What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your

main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the

above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

答案:

PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A

1、tones of voice。

[听力原文] 1-10

Paralinguistic Features of Language

Good morning, everyone. Today we'll continue our discussion on describing language. Last week we examined such features of language as grammar,vocabulary, the sounds of language, etc. In this lecture, we'll look at another important aspect of language. Perhaps some of you may wonder what is this important aspect of language. Let me tell you. It refers to features of communication that takes place without the use of grammar or vocabulary. They are called "paralinguistic features of language". These features tall into two broad categories: those that involve the voice, and those that involve the body.

Now, the first category is what we call "vocal paralinguistic features". Vocal features are actually tones of voice. While they are, perhaps, not central to meaning in communication in the same way as grammar or vocabulary, they may, nevertheless, convey attitude or intention in some way. Let me give you some examples. The first is whispering, which indicates the need for secrecy. The second is breathiness. This is to show deep emotion. The third is huskiness, which is to show unimportance. The fourth is nasality. This...is to indicate anxiety. The last is extra lip-rounding, which expresses greater intimacy, especially with babies, for example.

So we can see that there are a number of ways of altering our

tones of voice. And when we do this consciously, we do it to create different effects in communication. Now let's come to the second category -- physical paralinguistic features which involves the body. In addition to convey meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intention through the ways in which we use our bodies.

You may ask what are the ways then. Let me cite some brief examples. The expression on our face, the gestures we make, and even proximity or way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages about

how we feel or what we need. Let me explain some of these in more detail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful conveyer of meaning. We all know smiling is an almost universal

signal of pleasure or Welcome.But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance, raising eye brows -- suggest that you are surprised or interested in something. Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates you are deep in thinking, or are uncertain about something; compressing the lips, which shows that you are making decisions;and invisible clutching of the teeth to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning,too.

The second in this category is gesture. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings. Though I have to emphasize that

the actual gestures we use may be specific to particular cultures. That is to say, different cultures have their own favored gestures in conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of "I don't care"or "I don't know". Crossing

your arms may indicate relaxation, but it can also powerfully show

you are bored. Waving can mean welcome and farewell, while scratching your head may indicate that you are at a loss. In other Cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are telling the truth. Pointing your finger at your nose means it is a secret. That's why we say that gestures are culture bound.

The third is proximity, posture and echoing. Proximity refers to the physical distance between speakers. This can indicate a number of things,and can also be used to consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers. But distance may show formality or lack of interest. Once again,I'd like to say proximity is also both a matter of personal style and is often culture bound. So, what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And standing close to someone, maybe quite appropriate in some situations, such as informal party, but completely out ofplace

in other situations, such as a Next,posture. Posture means the way in which someone holds his or her body, especially the back, shoulders and head when standing, walking or sitting. A few examples, hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether

the person is happy or not. A lowered head when speaking to a

superior with or without eye contact can convey the inappropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand, direct level eye contact changes the nature of the interaction and can be seen as

either open or challenging. Last, echoing. Now what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this

phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree with each other, they would likely, though unconsciously adopt the same posture, as if in imitation of each other. They sit or stand in the same manner. When used in this way, echoing appears to complement the verbal communication. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is mocking at another speaker.

Ok. In today's lecture, we looked at some paralinguistic features, such as tone of voice,gesture and posture. These features, together with linguistic features of language, like grammar or vocabulary, are all part of the way we communicate with each other in face-to-face encounters. In our next lecture, we will watch some video material and see how people actually use paralinguistic means in communication to express their intention or desire or mood.

细节辨认题。这篇讲座主要介绍辅助语言学。作者首先讲辅助语言学的特征分为两大类，第一类就是语音特征，文中提到“Vocal features are actually tones of voice...they may，nevertheless，convey attitude or intention in some way”从中可得出语音特征就是指声音的语调在某种方式上能表达态度或意愿，因此答案为“tones of voice”。

2、huskiness。

细节辨认题：这里介绍了五个例子，由“The third is huskiness，which is to Show unimportance．”可以得知表达unimportance的语音特征就是粗嘎(沙哑)声，因此答案是“huskiness”。

3、Universal expressions/signals。

细节辨认题：肢体的辅助语言特征第一类是面部表情，作者举例时讲到“We

all know smiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome”，也列举了一些不常见的表情，即less common expression，与之

相对应的也就是universal expressions，所以答案是“universal expressions/signals”。

4、thinking or uncertainty。

细节辨认题。在介绍面部表情时作者提到“…bi ting your lip，which indicates you are deep in thinking，or are uncertain about something”，可见当你咬嘴唇时表明你在思考或是对某事不确定，可以得出此处答案是“thinking or uncertainty”。

5、lack of interest/indifference。

细节理解题。在讲英国人行为中，作者提到“In British English behavior，shrugging shoulders may in dicate an attitude of‘I don’t care’or‘I don't know’”，可以得出此处答案是“lack of interest”或“indifference”。

6、truth/honesty。

细节辨认题。作者在介绍其他文化中不同的动作所代表的含义时提到“placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are telling the truth”，所以答案为“truth”或“honesty”。

7、distance。

细节辨认题。作者首先讲到说话双方之间的距离远近所代表的含义也不相同，距离近表示亲昵或者是一种威胁，然后提到，“But distance may show formality or lack of interest．”即距离远表示遵守礼节或没有兴趣，由此可见答案为“distance”。

8、situation。

细节辨认题。作者讲到“proximity is also both a matter of personal style and is often culture bound”，可知说话双方之间的距离与个人的行为方式都和文化有关系，后面又提到“And standing Close to someone，maybe quite appropriate in some situations，such as informal party...such as a meeting with a superior．”可见距离还与场合有关系，因此答案是“situation”。

9、mood。

细节理解题。讲座中提到姿势就是当你站着、坐着或走路时背部、头部等部位呈现出来的样子。例子中提到“A few examples，hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is happy or not．”这里需要一个名词，高兴与否也就是指的心情，可以得出此处答案为“mood”。

10、unconscious echoing/unconscious similar posture。

细节辨认题。讲座中提到“模仿一种行为时，由“When two people are keen to agree with each other，they would likely，though unconsciously adopt the same posture，as if in imitation of each other...echoing appears to complement the verbal communication．”可知，当这种模仿行为是无意识的时候，对交流是有辅助作用的；如果这种模仿行为是有意识去做的，就带有嘲笑别人的意味。因此对应aid in communication的答案应该是“unconscious echoing”或“unconscious similar posture”。

SECTION B

1、C

[听力原文] 1-5

W: The word "diversity" has become a eliché in the United States today. It seems to me that nowadays Americans cannot turn on the television or read a newspaper without seeing the word pop up somewhere as a description of American demographic. Then what is this diversity in the U.S.? Today we are very pleased to have Dr. James Johnson here on our talk show. Welcome, Dr. Johnson.

M: Thanks.

W: Dr. Johnson, we know you have done an extensive research on diversity. So what is... how do you define diversity in the American context?

M: Well, at one time, the U.S. was called "a melting pot", you know, which means that people of many different religions, cultures and races could shed their traditional cultural identities and blend into one homogeneous nation.

W: Am I right in saying that a melting pot will emphasize the idea of

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