大英体验英语三综合教程--课文翻译

Frog Story

蛙的故事

A couple of odd things have happened lately.

最近发生了几桩怪事儿。

I have a log cabin in those woods of Northern Wisconsin. I built it by hand and also added a greenhouse to the front of it. It is a joy to live in. In fact, I work out of my home doing audio production and environmental work. As a tool of that trade I have a computer and a studio.

我在北威斯康星州的树林中有一座小木屋。是我亲手搭建的，前面还有一间花房。住在里面相当惬意。实际上我是在户外做音频制作和环境方面的工作--作为干这一行的工具，我还装备了一间带电脑的工作室。

I also have a tree frog that has taken up residence in my studio.

还有一只树蛙也在我的工作室中住了下来。

How odd, I thought, last November when I first noticed him sitting atop my sound-board over my computer. I figured that he (and I say he, though I really don’t have a clue if she is a he or vice versa) would be more comfortable in the greenhouse. So I put him in the greenhouse. Back he came. And stayed. After a while I got quite used to the fact that as I would check my morning email and on-line news, he would be there with me surveying the world.

去年十一月，我第一次惊讶地发现他（只是这样称呼罢了，事实上我并不知道该称“他”还是“她”）坐在电脑的音箱上。我把他放到花房里去，认为他呆在那儿会更舒服一些。可他又跑回来呆在原地。很快我就习惯了有他做伴，清晨我上网查收邮件和阅读新闻的时候，他也在一旁关注这个世界。

Then, last week, as he was climbing around looking like a small gray/green human, I started to wonder about him.

可上周，我突然对这个爬上爬下的“小绿人或小灰人”产生了好奇心。

So, there I was, working in my studio and my computer was humming along. I had to stop when Tree Frog went across my view. He stopped and turned around and just sat there looking at me. Well, I sat back and looked at him. For five months now he had been riding there with me and I was suddenly overtaken by an urge to know why he was there and not in the greenhouse, where I figured he’d live a happier frog life.

于是有一天，我正在工作室里干活，电脑嗡嗡作响。当树蛙从我面前爬过时，我不得不停止工作。他停下了并转过身来，坐在那儿看着我。好吧，我也干脆停下来望着他。五个月了，他一直这样陪着我。我突然有一股强烈的欲望想了解他：为什么他要呆在这儿而不乐意呆在花房里？我认为对树蛙来说，花房显然要舒适得多。

“Why are you here,” I found myself asking him.

“你为什么呆在这儿？”我情不自禁地问他。

As I looked at him, dead on, his eyes looked directly at me and I heard a tone. The tone seemed to hit me right in the center of my mind. It sounded very nearly like the same one as my computer. In that tone I could hear him “say” to me, “Because I want you to understand.”

我目不转睛地盯着他，他也直视着我。然后我听到一种叮咚声。这种声音似乎一下子就进入了我的大脑中枢，因为它和电脑里发出来的声音十分接近。在那个声音里我听到树蛙对我“说”：“因为我想让你明白”。

Yo. That was weird. “Understand what?” my mind jumped in. Then, after a moment of feeling this communication, I felt I understood why he was there. I came to understand that frogs simply want to hear other frogs and to communicate. Possibly the tone of my computer sounded to him like other tree frogs.

唷，太不可思议了。“明白什么？”我脑海中突然跳出了这个问题。然后经过短暂的体验这种交流之后，我觉得我已经理解了树蛙待在这儿的原因。我开始理解树蛙只是想听到其他同类的叫声并与之交流。或许他误以为计算机发出的声音就是其他树蛙在呼唤他。Interesting.

真是有趣。

I kept working. I was working on a story about global climate change and had just received a fax from a friend. The fax said that the earth was warming at 1.9 degrees each decade. At that rate I knew that the maple trees that I love to tap each spring for syrup would not survive for my children. My beautiful Wisconsin would become a prairie by the next generation.

我继续工作。我正在写一个关于全球气候变化的故事。有个朋友刚好发过来一份传真，说地球的温度正以每十年1.9度的速度上升。我知道，照这种速度下去，每年春天我都爱去提取树浆的这片枫林，到我孩子的那一代就将不复存在。我的故乡美丽的威斯康星州也会在下一代变成一片草原。

At that moment Tree Frog leaped across my foot and sat on the floor in front of my computer. He then reached up his hand to his left ear and cupped it there. He sat before the computer and reached up his right hand to his other ear. He turned his head this way and that listening to that tone. Very focused. He then began to turn a very subtle, but brilliant shade of green and leaped full force onto the computer.

此刻，树蛙从我脚背跳过去站在电脑前的地板上。然后他伸出手来从后面拢起左耳凝神倾听，接着他又站在电脑前伸出右手拢起另一支耳朵。他这样转动着脑袋，聆听那个声音，非常专心致志。他的皮肤起了微妙的变化，呈现出一种亮丽的绿色，然后他就用尽全力跳到电脑上。And then I remembered the story about the frogs that I had heard last year on public radio. It said frogs were dying around the world. It said that because frogs’ skin is like a lung turned inside out, their skin was being affected by pollution and global climate change. It said that frogs were being found whose skin was like paper. All dried up. It said that frogs are an “indicator species”. That frogs will die first because of the sensitivity.

我猛然想起去年在收音机里听到的一则关于青蛙的消息，说是全世界的青蛙正在死亡。消息说因为青蛙的皮肤就像是一个内里朝外的肺，所以正在受到污染和全球气候变化的影响。据

说已经发现有些青蛙的皮肤已变得像纸一样干瘪。还说青蛙是一个"物种指示器"，由于对环境敏感，这个物种会先遭灭顶之灾。

Then, I understood.

这时我明白了。

The frogs have a message for us and it is the same message that some sober folks have had for us. “There are no more choices.” We have reached the time when we must be the adults for the planet, for the sake of the future generations of human and for frogs.

青蛙向我们传递了一个信息。一些头脑清醒的人士也曾向我们传递过同样的信息，那就是"我们别无选择。"我们已经进入了关键时刻，为了人类的子孙后代，也为青蛙，我们必须对这个星球负起主人的责任。

Because we are related.

因为我们休戚相关。

Then I understood that there are no boundaries, that there is no more time.

我还明白了我们之间没有界限，明白了时间的紧迫。

That we, for the sake of our relatives, must act now.

为了我们的亲人，我们必须马上行动起来。

And then I understood, not only why the frog was there, but, also why I am here.

于是我明白了这只青蛙此行的目的，也知道自己在这儿该做些什么。

Mission Zero

归零使命

Ray C. Anderson ( July 28, 1934 - August 8, 2011) was founder and chairman of Interface, Inc., one of the world’s largest manufacturers of modular carpet for commercial and residential applications. He was “known in environmental circles for his advanced and progressive stance on industrial ecology and sustainability.”

雷·C·安德森（1934年7月28日—2011年8月8日）——是全球最大的商业和住宅用拼块式地毯制造商之一——英特飞有限公司的创始人和董事长。他因在“工业生态和可持续发展方面表现出的先进和发展的立场而闻名于环保界”。

“If it exists, it must be possible”, asserts Amory Lovins, co-founder and chief scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute think tank. He is talking about my company. Fellow industrialists, I dare say, thought my ambition impossible to realize when fourteen years ago I described my aspirations for Interface Inc. to turn into what it actually is becoming today. Indeed, around then, the CEO of a major competitor looked at me in the eye, and said, “Ray, you are a dreamer.” Yet, as Amory says, “If it exists …”

“如果有其存在，就必然有其可能，”落基山研究所智囊团的联合创始人和首席科学家艾默里?洛文斯如此断言道。他说的正是我的公司。我敢说，当十四年前我描述我的志向，要把英特飞公司变成它今天正在呈现的模样时，各位实业家同人都认为我的雄心壮志根本不可能实现。事实上，一个主要竞争对手的总裁当时就瞪着我说：“雷，你是一个梦想家。”然而，正如艾默里所说，“如果有其存在......”

The “impossible” that exists today is a petroleum-intensive carpet manufacturer (for both energy and raw material) that has reduced net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 88 percent, in absolute tons, and its water usage by 79 percent since 1996, even as sales have grown by two-thirds and earnings have doubled. In 1994 Interface set out on a mission “to be the first industrial company that, by its deeds, shows the entire industrial world what sustainability is, in all its dimensions: people, process, product, profit, and place.” Our definition of sustainability is to operate our petro- intensive company so as to take from the Earth only that which is naturally and rapidly renewable, and to do no harm to the biosphere.

今天存在的这个“不可能”是一家（在能源和原材料方面）高度依赖石油的地毯制造商，从1996年至今将温室气体净排放量减少了88%（以实打实的吨数计），用水量减少了79%，而销售额却反而增加了三分之二，收益翻了一番。英特飞于1994年开始完成一项使命，力争“成为首家生态实业公司，通过自己的所作所为向整个实业界全方位地展现可持续性发展的理念：涵盖人员、生产过程、产品、利润、地点等各个方面。”我们对持续性发展的定义是：我们这家高度依赖石油的公司，坚持其运营只从地球获取可以自然而快速再生的资源，并且不对生态造成危害。

Cumulatively, we have avoided $372 million in costs by eliminating waste, in a quest that is half way to achieving waste-free perfection by 2020. We define waste as any cost that does not add value for our customers. This translates ambitiously into doing everything right the first time, every time. We even define energy that still comes from fossil fuels as waste, something to be eliminated. Indeed, while offsets have a critical role to play in helping Interface (and, indeed, all of us) to reach our sustainability goals, we will not achieve them until we begin to redefine fossil fuel energy in this way. Sounds incredible? Remember, “If it exists …”

通过消除浪费，我们已经累计降低了3亿7千2百万美元的成本，正在向2020年力争达到零浪费的完美目标迈进。我们对浪费的定义是：凡是不能给客户带来价值的花费都是浪费。这一定义雄心勃勃地转化为行动理念：做任何事情都要一开始就做对，而且每次如此。我们甚至把依然取自化石燃料的能源也定义为浪费，并作为要消除的对象。通过减少浪费而获得的补偿确实起了关键性作用，有助于英特飞（其实也包括所有公司）达到可持续发展目标；如果我们不这样重新定义化石燃料能源，我们就不可能最终实现可持续发展的目标。听上去有些不可思议？请记住，“如果有其存在......”

Indeed our belching smokestacks, our gushing effluent pipes, our mountains of waste - all completely legal - provided tangible proof that business was good. They meant jobs, orders coming in, products going out, and money in the bank.

的确，我们的烟囱烟雾腾腾，我们的管道污水喷涌，我们的废料堆积如山——所有这一切都

完全合法——这是我们生意兴隆的确凿证据。这就说明有业可就，订单滚滚而来，产品源源出厂，以及利润存入银行。

That all changed with a question that came from our customers: “What is Interface doing for the environment?” We had not heard that question before, and had no good answers. For a “customer-intimate” company, this was untenable. Looking for an answer - and a determination to respond with credible, demonstrable, and measurable results and transparent accountability - set us on this course.

所有这一切都因消费者提的一个问题而改变：“英特飞对环境有何贡献？”这个问题我们以前闻所未闻，更无法交出满意的答案。对于一个善待消费者的公司而言，这是难以交代的。为寻求答案，还有决意给消费者提供一个可信、可见和可考量的结果并承担明晰的责任，我们踏上了征途。

Can taking a profitable business apart at the height of its success make business sense? The waste elimination initiative alone - and the avoided costs of $372 million over 13 years - have more than offset all the investments and expenses incurred in pursuit of our goal which we now call “Mission Zero”: zero environmental impacts by the year 2020. This has allowed the business case for sustainability to develop and become crystal clear. Costs are down, not up - dispelling a myth and exposing the false choice between the environment and the economy.

将一个处于鼎盛时期的赢利企业拆卸分解，从商业的角度看合理吗？仅消除浪费这一项行动，以及13年来因此而节约下来的3亿7千2百万美元的成本，不仅抵消而且超出了我们在追求持续发展目标方面的投资和花费总额。我们现在将此目标命名为“归零使命”：到2020年实现对环境的零影响。“归零使命”使这个可持续性发展的实业案例得以发展，并变得清澈透明。成本下降了，并非上升了，一个虚构的理念就此打破，让我们看到在环境和经济之间并非必然就是择此伤彼的虚假选择。

Amazingly, this initiative has produced a better business model, a better way to bigger and more legitimate profits. It out-competes its competitors in the rough and tumble of the marketplace, but not at the expense of the Earth or future generations. Instead it includes Earth and generations not yet born in win-win-win relationships. As validation of this, the Interface share price has moved from $2 to $20 in four years, as we have dug out of the deepest, longest recession in our industry’s history, a recession we might not have survived without the enormous boost of sustainability.

令人惊讶的是，这一创举产生了一个更好的商业模式，找到了一个可获取更大利润，并且收入更加合法的更好的途径。这种模式在激烈残酷的市场竞争中击败了它的所有对手，却并不以伤害地球或后代的利益为代价。相反，这种模式将地球和尚未出生的后代纳入一种三赢的关系。作为证明，英特飞的股价四年内从2美元攀升至20美元，公司也从产业史上影响最深、持续最久的经济衰退中脱险而出。如果没有可持续性发展的极大推动，我们也许无法在这场经济衰退中存活下来。

But, what about the big picture? What does the Interface journey have to teach us? A sustainable

society into the indefinite future depends totally and absolutely on a vast, ethically driven redesign of the industrial system, triggered by an equally vast mind-shift - one mind at a time, one organization at a time, one technology at a time, one building, one company, one university curriculum, one community, one region, one industry at a time - until the entire system has been transformed into a sustainable one existing ethically in balance with Earth’s natural systems, upon which every living thing, even civilization itself, utterly depends.

但是，怎样从全局来看呢？英特飞的历程能给我们带来什么启迪？一个可持续发展的社会要想久远维系，就需要全方位地、彻头彻尾地对工业体系进行庞大的、由道德驱动的重新设计，这要由同样庞大的思想认识转变来启动，即一次改变一个想法、一个机构、一项技术、一座建筑、一家公司、一所大学的课程、一个社区、一个地区、一个行业，直到整个体系转变成为一个可持续发展的，在道德准则上能与地球生态系统和谐相处的体系，这才是所有的生物，乃至文明本身完全赖以生存的基础。

One person, you, can make the difference in your organization. The key is: Do something, then do something else.

即使一个人，你本人，也能在你的机构中发挥作用。关键是：行动起来先做一件事，接着再做另一件。

Einsten’s Compass

爱因斯坦的指南针

Young Albert was a quiet boy. "Perhaps too quiet", thought Hermann and Pauline Einstein. He spoke hardly at all until age 3- They might have thought him slow, but there was something else evident. When he did speak, he’d say the most unusual things. At age 2, Pauline promised him a surprise. Albert was excited, thinking she was bringing him some new fascinating toy. But when his mother presented him with his new baby sister Maja, all Albert could do was stare with questioning eyes. Finally he responded, "where are the wheels?"

小爱因斯坦是个安静的孩子。爱因斯坦夫妇赫尔曼和波琳认为他“或许太安静了”。爱因斯坦到三岁时才开始说话。父母差点就误认为他是反应迟钝，但有一个明显的事实打消了他们的疑虑，因为他真的开口说话时，说出的话便异乎寻常。两岁时，母亲波琳许诺给他一个惊喜。小爱因斯坦非常高兴，以为妈妈会带给他一件有趣的新玩具。但当妈妈把刚出生的妹妹玛嘉抱到他面前时，小爱因斯坦只是以疑虑的眼光盯着她，最后说道，“车轮在哪儿？When Albert was 5 years old and sick in bed, Hermann Einstein brought him a device that did stir his intellect. It was the first time he had seen a compass. He lay there shaking and twisting the odd thing, certain he could fool it into pointing off in a new direction. But try as he might, the compass needle would always find its way back to pointing in the direction of north. "A wonder," he thought. The invisible force that guided the compass needle was evidence to Albert that there was more to our world that meets the eye. There was "something behind things, something deeply hidden."

爱因斯坦五岁的时候有一次卧病在床，父亲赫尔曼送给他一个新玩意。正是这个小玩意启动了他的智力。那是小爱因斯坦第一次见到指南针。他躺在床上摇晃摆弄着这个稀奇的东西，

认为自己能将指针糊弄到指向另一个方向。但是无论他怎样摆弄，指针却总是会回到原来指北的位置。“真奇妙”，他想。引导指南针的无形力量使爱因斯坦认识到，我们肉眼看到的只是世界的一部分，事物背后还有“某种东西，某种深藏着的东西。”

So began Albert Einstein’s journey down a road of exploration that he would follow the rest of his life. "I have no special gift," he would say, "I am only passionately curious."

爱因斯坦就这样踏上了他穷其一生的探索之路。“我没有特殊的天份，”他常常说，“我只是有强烈的好奇心。”

Albert Einstein was more than just curious though. He had the patience and determination that kept him at things longer than most others. Other children would build houses of card up to 4 stories tall before the cards would lose balance and the whole structure would come falling down. Maja watched in wonder as her brother Albert methodically built his card buildings to 14 stories. Later he would say, "It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s just that I stay with problems longer."

爱因斯坦不仅仅只是有好奇心。他的耐心和毅力使他做起事情来能比大多数人都更能持久。其他孩子用纸牌搭楼房，搭到四层高时房子就会摇摇晃晃地坍塌下来。而玛嘉却惊奇地看着她哥哥爱因斯坦能有条不紊地搭起14层纸牌高楼。后来爱因斯坦说道，“这不是因为我有多聪明，而是因为我能坚持得更久。”

One advantage Albert Einstein’s developing mind enjoyed was the opportunity to communicate with adults in an intellectual way. His uncle, an engineer, would come to the house, and Albert would join in the discussions. His thinking was also stimulated by a medical student who came over once a week for dinner and lively chats.

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的思维发展得益于他有机会与成人进行智力交流。他的叔叔是工程师，经常到爱因斯坦家里来，于是爱因斯坦就有机会参与他们的讨论。爱因斯坦的思想还受到一位医科学生的启迪。此人每星期都来爱因斯坦家一次，与爱因斯坦一家共进晚餐，一起谈天说地。

At age 12, Albert Einstein came upon a set of ideas that impressed him as "holy." It was a little book on Euclidean plane geometry . The concept that one could prove theorems of angles and lines that were in no way obvious made an "indescribable impression" on the young student. He adopted mathematics as the tool he would use to pursue his curiosity and prove what he would discover about the behavior of the universe.

爱因斯坦12岁的时候发现了一系列他认为是“神圣”的观念。那是一本有关欧几里德平面几何的小册子。原来人可以证明那些不易明显看出的角度和线段的定理。这个想法给年青学生爱因斯坦留下了“难以磨灭的印象”。他把数学当作满足自己好奇心并用以证明他后来发现宇宙运行规律的手段。

He was convinced that beauty lies in the simplistic. Perhaps this insight was the real power of his genius. Albert Einstein looked for the beauty of simplicity in the apparently complex nature and saw truths that escaped others. While the expression of his mathematics might be accessible to only a few sharp minds in the science, Albert could condense the essence of his thoughts so anyone could understand.

他坚信美丽寓于简朴。或许这个悟性才是激发他天分的真正动因。阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在表

象复杂的大自然中寻求简朴的美，并发现别人看不到的真理。爱因斯坦用数学公式表达的思想也许只有少数才思敏捷的科学家才能理解，但他却能简洁地阐明自己思想之精随，使人人都能够理解。

For instance, his theories of relativity revolutionized science and unseated the laws of Newton that were believed to be a complete description of nature for hundreds of years. Yet when pressed for an example that people could relate to, he came up with this: "Put your hand on a hot stove for a minute and it seems like an hour. Sit with a pretty girl for an hour and it seems like a minute. THAT’s relativity."

比如说，他的相对论推翻了数百年来一直被认为是完整地描述了自然界一切规律的牛顿定律，给科学界带来了一场彻底的变革。但是当有人敦促他举例说明，以便让大众能理解相对论时，他说：“把手放在烫人的炉上时，一分钟就像是一个小时。坐在漂亮姑娘的身边，一个小时就像是一分钟。这就是相对论。”

Albert Einstein’s wealth of new ideas peaked while he was still a young man of 26. In 1905 he wrote 3 fundamental papers on the nature of light, a proof of atoms, the special theory of relativity and the famous equation of atomic power: E=mc2. For the next 20 years, the curiosity that was sparked by wanting to know what controlled the compass needle and his persistence to keep pushing for the simple answers led him to connect space and time and find a new state of matter.

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的创新思维在年仅26岁时就达到了高峰。1905年他写了三篇重要的论文，分别是关于光的本质（证明原子存在）、相对论以及著名的原子能等式：E=mc2。在随后的20年里，正是由于想知道是什么力量控制了指南针的指向所激发的这份好奇心以及坚持追求简单答案的毅力，引导他将空间与时间联系起来思考问题，由此发现了一种崭新的物质状态。

What was his ultimate quest?

他追寻的最终目标是什么呢？

"I want to know how God created this world...I want to know His thoughts; the rest are details."

“我想知道上帝是怎样创造世界的……我想知道他的思路；其余的就都是细枝末节了。”

”

The Wake-up Call from Stockholm

来自斯德哥尔摩的唤醒电话

"These are the last 20 minutes of peace in your life," the Swedish caller told Caltech professor Ahmed Zewail at 5:40 a.m. on October 12.

10月12日凌晨5：40，加利福尼亚理工学院的阿莫德·扎威尔教授接到了一个来自瑞典的电话，告诉他“你这辈子只有这二十分钟的清静时间了”。

Soon the world would hear of Zewail’s award - the 1999 Nobel Prize in chemistry - and Zewail

would hear from the world. Two thousand e-mails would zoom his way within a few days and three phone lines would start ringing with eager requests for interviews from the national and Egyptian press and with congratulations from friends and colleagues. But first, the 53-year-old man would share the news with his family.

全世界很快就会知道扎威尔获得了1999年度的诺贝尔化学奖，接着，扎威尔就会收到世界各地的来信。几天之内，他的电子邮件将激增至两千封；美国和埃及的媒体将纷纷打来电话，急切要求对他进行采访；朋友和同事也会不断打来恭贺电话，他的三条电话线都将响个不停。但是现在，这位53岁的男子首先要与家人共享这条喜讯。

He kissed his wife, Dema, and young sons, Nabeel and Hani. His mother, whom Zewail reached in his native Egypt, cried and cried. His daughters, Maha and Amani, "were going crazy on the phone. I couldn’t even speak," said Zewail.

扎威尔亲吻了妻子德玛和两个小儿子纳比尔和哈尼。当他把这个消息告知远在家乡埃及的母亲时，她禁不住喜极而泣。扎威尔说，他的两个女儿玛哈和阿曼妮“从电话里一听到这个消息，就高兴得快疯了。我甚至连话都没法讲下去了。”

"I was disappointed in Nabeel’s reaction," he added. "I told him I had won the prize. He said, ’Good.’" But when Zewail asked if he’d tell the kids at school, the six-year-old said, "No. These guys will say ’So what’" But Nabeel did ask, "Are we going to see the king"

“纳比尔的反应让我有些失望，”他补充道。“我告诉他我获得了诺贝尔奖。他却只说了一声‘不错’。”当扎威尔问他是否会把这个消息告诉他学校里的小伙伴们时，这个六岁的小家伙答道“不会。那些家伙只会说‘那又怎样？’”不过纳比尔倒还确实问过“我们要去见国王吗？”

The Royal Swedish Academy honored Zewail for his groundbreaking work in viewing and studying chemical reactions at the atomic level as they occur. He has shown "that it is possible with rapid laser technique to see how atoms in a molecule move during a chemical reaction."

瑞典皇家学院因扎威尔在观察和研究原子层面所发生的化学反应方面所作的开创性工作而授予他诺贝尔化学奖。他向世人证明，“利用快速的激光技术有可能观察到化学反应发生时分子中的原子是怎样运动的。”

Zewail had brought the most powerful tools from the field of physics into the chemistry lab to create a revolution, and the field of femto-chemistry was born. It was "a revolution in chemistry and related sciences," the Swedes announced, "since this type of investigation allows us to understand and predict important reactions," to probe nature at its most fundamental level.

扎威尔将物理领域内最有威力的仪器引进化学实验室，从而引发了一场革命，超微（千万亿分之一）化学从此诞生。瑞典发布人说，这是“一场发生在化学及其相关学科领域的革命，因为这种研究方法使我们能够了解并预测重要的化学反应，”能从自然界最基础的层面探测自然。

Zewail is the 27th Caltech faculty member or alumnus to receive the Nobel Prize, and the third faculty member to be so honored in this decade.

扎威尔是加利福尼亚理工学院教师及校友中第27位获得诺贝尔奖的人，同时也是最近十年

里第三位获此殊荣的学院教师。

"In my experience," said Zewail after a tumultuous week, "whenever you cross fields or bring in new ideas and tools, you find what you don’t expect. You open new windows."

在经过了一周的激动和忙乱之后，扎威尔说：“根据我的经验，无论你在什么时候跨越学科或引进新的观点和仪器，你都会得到意想不到的发现，因为你开启了新的窗户。”Zewail’s path to the forefront of the international science arena has been elegant and swift, like the atoms he observes performing molecular dances. With a wealth of experience in home chemistry projects as a boy in Egypt, he sailed to the top of his class at Alexandria University. The classical science education he received there prepared him for a promised tenure-track position in the field of his choice: math, physics, chemistry, or geology, but he decided to get his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania - to "see the molecular world of chemistry." He had heard of Caltech, but to this young Egyptian, "institute" sounded less prestigious than "university." As it turned out, Penn provided the "ideal" transition from classical science studies to the postdoctoral work he did at UC Berkeley.

扎威尔走向国际科学领域前沿的道路快捷而别具特色，正如他所观察的原子跳出的分子舞步一样优美。童年时，扎威尔在埃及国内进行了很多化学实验，并由此获得了丰富的经验，这些经验使他在就读亚历山大大学时成绩在班上名列前茅。他在亚历山大大学接受的正统理科教育本可使他在数、理、化、地质等任一领域中获得一个极有发展前途的终身任教职位。不过他最终还是决定去宾夕法尼亚大学攻读博士学位，“去见识一下化学的分子世界。”扎威尔以前也曾听说过加利福尼亚理工学院，但当时这位年轻的埃及人认为，“学院”的名字听上去没有"大学"响亮。事实证明，在扎威尔从正统理科研究转向他后来在加州伯克利大学的博士后科研的过程中，宾夕法尼亚大学起到了“理想的”的过渡作用。

He stayed at Berkeley for postdoctoral work for two reasons: to think more about research rather than about getting a PhD and "the secret reason - I wanted to buy a big American car to take back to Egypt with me." At Berkeley, he published three papers "immediately" and was advised to apply to the top handful of American universities.

扎威尔留在贝克利大学做博士后研究有两个原因：一是想搞科研而非仅仅得到博士学位；另一个“私下的原因是我想买一辆美国大轿车带回埃及去。”他一到贝克利大学就“立即”发表了三篇论文，当时有人就建议他与美国不多的几所顶尖大学联系深造。

"The most important reason why I decided on Caltech was, once the offer was made, I was well received by the staff, administration, and faculty." He also felt he could make his own way specializing in dynamics in a department strong on structure. And the Mediterranean climate didn’t hurt. That was 1976.

“我决定去加利福尼亚理工学院的最重要的原因是，我的申请一提出，就受到了全院教职员工、领导和系里的热烈欢迎。”同时他认为，在一个以结构研究见长的系里，自己能在专攻动力学方面取得成功。并且，加利福尼亚的地中海气候也令人惬意。那是发生在1976年的事情。

Zewail was off and running, earning tenure in a year and a half, making full professorship by 1982, seated in the Pauling Chair by 1990. Now with a Nobel Prize under his belt, what’s next "First of all, I’m not retiring," he said. "And I’m not g oing to Hollywood."

扎威尔的事业可谓一帆风顺。他在加利福尼亚理工学院工作一年半后就获得了终身教席，1982年被聘为正教授，1990年获鲍林首席教授荣誉。如今他又将诺贝尔奖揽入囊中，下一步他该干些什么呢？“首先，我还不会退休，”扎威尔说。“而且我也不会去好莱坞作影星。”In the coming years, Zewail looks forward to more breakthroughs. He will remain active in research and in publishing papers, which he considers to be his babies (363 to date ). Tracking the progress of two papers within a week of receiving the prize, he reached a surprised editor who said, "You on the phone Impossible! I thought you’d be out wining and dining." He will continue to push the envelope of what is possible.

扎威尔期望今后几年里能再有突破性的成果。他将继续活跃在科研领域，积极发表论文，视其论文如己出（迄今为止他已经发表了363篇论文）。在获得诺贝尔奖后不到一个星期内，扎威尔就打电话给编辑追问两篇论文的进展情况，这让编辑大为惊讶，问道：“是你在给我打电话吗？不可能吧！我想你一定出去喝酒赴宴了。”他将继续尽力去揭示尚待研发的领域的奥秘。

Bathtub Battleships from Ivorydale

艾弗里代尔开来的浴缸战舰

American mothers have long believed that when it comes to washing out the mouths of naughty children, nothing beats Ivory Soap (a registered trademark of the Proctor & Gamble Company). This is because its reputation for being safe, mild, and pure is as solid and spotless as the marble of the Lincoln Memorial. It doesn’t even taste all that bad. And should you drop it into a tubful of cloudy, child-colored water, not to worry - it floats.

美国的妈妈们一直深信，如果要把那些小调皮鬼的嘴巴洗干净的话，没有什么能赛过象牙香皂（宝洁公司的一个注册商标）。这是因为这个牌子的香皂以其安全、柔和而纯正的品质而闻名遐迩，就像林肯纪念堂的大理石一样坚实无瑕。它的口感相当不错呢。而且，如果不慎将香皂落入澡盆，里面盛满了孩子们洗过澡的浑水，你也不用担心找不到--它会自动浮上水面。

Ivory Soap is an American institution, about as widely recognized as the Washington Monument and far more well respected than Congress. It had already attained this noble status when Theodore Roosevelt was still a rough-riding cowboy in North Dakota. Introduced in 1879 as an inexpensive white soap intended to rival the quality of imported soaps, it was mass marketed by means of one of the first nationwide advertising campaigns. People were told that Ivory was "so pure that it floats," and the notion took hold. As a result, at least half a dozen generations of Americans have gotten themselves clean with Ivory.

象牙香皂是一种美国文化现象。它就像华盛顿纪念碑一样得到广泛认可，并且远比国会受人尊崇。当西奥多·罗斯福还在北达科他州当驯马牛仔的时候，象牙香皂就已经拥有目前这种崇高的地位了。1879年，为抗衡进口香皂，象牙香皂被作为廉价白皂投放市场。为进行大规模销售，宝洁公司发起了最早一次全国规模的广告宣传活动，说象牙香皂"纯得可以飘浮起来"，并且使这种观念深入人心。其结果是：至少有许多代的美国人都用象牙香皂洗浴净

身。

So many hands, faces, and baby bottoms have been washed with Ivory that their numbers beat the imagination. Not even Proctor & Gamble knows how many billions of bars of Ivory have been sold. The company keeps a precise count, however, of the billions of dollars it earns. Annual sales of Ivory Soap, Ivory Snow, Crest toothpaste, Folger’s coffe e, and the hundreds of other products now marketed under the Proctor & Gamble umbrella exceed thirty billion dollars.

使用象牙香皂来洗手、洗脸以及给小孩子洗屁股的人不计其数。就连宝洁公司也弄不清楚到底卖出了多少块象牙香皂，但它却准确记载了象牙香皂赚来了多少亿美元。每年，象牙香皂，象牙雪花膏，佳洁士牙膏，佛吉斯咖啡以及其他数百种宝洁公司旗下的产品的销售额超过了三百亿美元。

The company has grown a bit since it was founded in 1837 in Cincinnati, Ohio, by a pair of immigrants named William Proctor and James Gamble, each of whom pledged $3,596.47 to the enterprise. For decades Proctor & Gamble manufactured candles and soap in relatively modest quantities. It took more than twenty years for sales to top one million dollars, which they did shortly before the Civil War . The company’s big break came with the introduction of its floating soap and the realization that an elaborate advertising campaign could turn a simple, though high-quality, product into a phenomenon. The soap’s brand name was lifted from "out of ivory palaces," a phrase found in the Bible. So successful was this new product and the marketing effort that placed it in the hands of nearly every American that the company soon built an enormous new factory in a place called Ivorydale.

1837年，两个外国移民--威廉·普罗克特和詹姆士·盖博尔--各投资3596.47美元在俄亥俄州的辛辛那提市成立了宝洁公司并发展至今。在创建后的几十年里，宝洁公司规模较小，主要生产蜡烛和香皂。直到二十多年后（即美国内战即将爆发之前），公司的销售额才突破100万美元。随着漂浮香皂的推出，以及意识到一系列精心策划的广告活动可以让一种简单的优质产品成为一种时尚，宝洁公司才有了巨大的发展。这种漂浮香皂的商标源于圣经中的"出自象牙宫殿"一语。这种新产品和它的营销手段极其成功，以至几乎所有的美国人都在使用它。这样，宝洁公司很快就在一个名叫艾弗里代尔的地方修建了一座新的大型工厂。Proctor & Gamble never forgot the advertising lessons it learned with Ivory. For instance, it was among the first manufacturers to use radio to reach consumers nationwide. In 1933 Proctor & Gamble’s Oxydol soap powder sponsored a radio serial called Ma Perkins, and daytime dramas were forever after known as "soap operas." Over the years the company added dozens of new product lines such as Prell shampoo, Duncan Hines cake mixes, and the ever-present Tide, "new and improved" many a time. To this day, however, Ivory Soap remains a Proctor & Gamble backbone product.

宝洁公司将广告在营销象牙香皂的过程中所起到的巨大作用铭记在心。比如说，宝洁公司成为第一批通过广播向全国消费者推销的商家之一。1933年，宝洁公司为推销奥塞度肥皂粉，赞助了一部广播连续剧《玛·泊婷斯》。从此，这类白天播出的连续剧就被称为"肥皂剧"。多年以来，宝洁公司推出了几十种新产品系列，如绿宝洗发水、邓肯汉司蛋糕现料以及不断推陈出新的汰渍洗衣粉。然而，直至今日，象牙香皂仍是宝洁公司的拳头产品。

Ivory remains a favorite among consumers, too, and no wonder. With a bar of Ivory Soap in your hand, you are holding a chunk of American history. If you like, you can even wash your hands and

face with it and be assured that it is "ninety-nine and forty-four-one-hundredths percent pure." And it floats.

象牙香皂一直理所当然地成为最受消费者欢迎的产品。手握一块象牙香皂，也就把握住了一段美国历史。如果你愿意，你甚至可以用象牙香皂来洗脸或洗手，这样你就可以相信它的"纯度高达99.44%"，而且它还可以浮在水面。

The latter quality of Ivory Soap is especially attractive to children. Generations of little boys armed with toothpicks, miniature flags, or leftover parts from model ships - there are always a few - have converted bars of Ivory Soap into bathtub battleships. A note of warning for any small boys who may be reading this: Mothers tend to frown on the practice.

象牙香皂在水中漂浮的这种品质对孩子们尤具吸引力。一代接一代的小男孩们总爱用牙签、小旗或玩具模型船的旧零件（总会找到几个）把象牙香皂改装成浴缸里的战舰。说到这里，我要给男孩子们提个醒：妈妈可不喜欢你这样做呵。

Haier Seeks Cool US Image

海尔在美国打造"酷"形象

NEW YORK, Aug 2 (Reuters) - For most American shoppers, “Made in China” may still suggest cheap toys, but China’s largest household appliance maker has ambitious plans to change that with its sales of a growing range of sleek minibars. Haier Group Co., which according to some industry estimates is the world’s second-biggest maker of refrigerators, is seeking to outflank

纽约，8月2日（路透社）- 对大多数美国消费者来说，“中国造”可能仍意味着廉价的玩具。可是中国最大的家电制造商却雄心勃勃地力图通过销售其品种日益增多的闪亮微型冰箱来改变这一观念。

America’s three major appliance makers by competing on image rather than price, and by targeting students in the hope that they will remain loyal as they get older And so far the strategy, which may signal the way for future campaign in the US market by other Chinese consumer products companies, may be working - at least according to two arms of the world’s largest retailer Wal- Mart Stores Inc.

依据工业界的某些估计，海尔集团公司是世界第二大冰箱制造商。目前它正力辟蹊径，以自己的形象而非价格，去击败美国三家主要家电制造商。同时海尔还瞄准学生市场，期望他们在离开学校后还会一直钟爱海尔品牌。海尔的策略可能成为中国其它消费品制造商进军美国市场的一个信号。到目前为止，这一策略算是奏效的--至少全球最大的零售商沃尔玛公司的两个核心人物是这样认为的。

“It’s not about whether they’re made in China,” said Melissa Berryhill, a spokesw oman for Wal-Mart’s Sam’s Club, whose last holiday season catalog featured a black Haier cooler with smoked glass doors that is big enough to chill 30 bottles of wine.

“是不是中国制造的并不重要，”沃尔玛公司萨姆会员俱乐部的发言人梅丽沙·贝瑞希尔这样说道。萨姆会员俱乐部在上一假日销售季节商品目录上重点推出了一款黑色的海尔冰箱。

这个带有茶色玻璃门的冰箱可以冷藏30瓶酒。

“They’re an exceptional value,” she said of the $300 luxury machine, sold along with the more ordinary Haier chest freezer that costs about $160.

梅丽沙·贝瑞希尔认为与标价160美元的更加普通的海尔冰柜比较，这款标价300美元的豪华型冰柜“确实是物超所值。”

Wal-Mart’s main discount operation in April began selling the chest freezers in half of its 2 600 stores, while most of its stores sell at least one of two versions of compact refrigerators made by Haier.

沃尔玛公司在四月举行的重要打折销售活动中，其2600家分店有一半都推出了冰柜，而大多数分店里都至少销售海尔制造的两款小型冰柜中的一种。

“They’re popular and beating our expectations on sales,” said Wal-Mart spokesman Rob Phillips, who added that the Haier 4.6 cubic feet and 5 cubic feet freezers cost about the same as General Electric Co.’s comparable products, selling for around $169.

沃尔玛公司的发言人罗布·菲利普斯说：“海尔冰柜很受欢迎，销售量好得出乎我们预料。”他补充说，海尔的4.6立方英尺和5立方英尺的冰柜与通用电器的同类产品价格一样，售价169美元左右。

COLLEGE TOEHOLD

以大学为“据点”

GE, Whirlpool Corp. and Maytag Corp. currently dominate the US marketplace for household appliances but they tend to focus most of their attention on mainstream areas such as large refrigerators and freezers.

通用电器公司，惠而浦公司和梅塔公司目前雄据美国家电市场之首，不过这些公司只注重大型冰箱和冷柜等主流消费领域。

Haier, which says it currently sells $200 million worth of appliances in the US annually, now claims more than a 35 percent share of the US market for refrigerators 4 cubic feet and smaller - the minibars found in hotels and college dormitories.

海尔说它目前在美国的家用电器年销售额是2亿美元，宣称已在美国4立方英尺以下的小型冰箱市场占据了35%以上的份额，这些冰箱已用于宾馆和大学生寝室里。

“When those college kids using our little refrigerators grow up and marry, we want them to be thinking of us for their first fridge,” said Michael Jemal, Haier America’s president, who was Haier’s first US distributor before setting up the unit in 1999.

海尔美国公司总裁迈克尔·杰穆说：“希望使用我们微型冰箱的大学生今后长大成家时，把海尔冰箱作为他们的首选。”早在1999年海尔美国公司成立之前，这位现任总裁就已经率先在美国销售海尔冰箱。

Haier may need to depend less on the Chinese market because it is likely to face an increasing challenge on its own turf. China’s entry into the World Trade Organization will open up Chinese manufacturers to greater foreign competition at home.

海尔要减少对中国市场的依赖，因为国内市场的竞争很可能会加剧。中国加入WTO后，厂家在国内市场将面临更加激烈的外来竞争。

Haier, which had global revenues of $5 billion last year, spent $30 million setting up a plant late last year in Camden, South Carolina that will make large Haier brand refrigerators. Company officials say they hope initiatives like that will grow US sales to $1 billion in two years.

海尔去年的全球总收为50亿美元。年底公司在南卡罗莱纳州的康登市投资3千万美元建厂生产大型海尔冰箱。公司官员称，类似的创举可望在2004年将其在美国的销售额提高到10亿美元。

“They’re building up their learning curve in the US, and then picking up niche markets,” said Ming-Jer Chen, a professor at the Darden School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia and the author of a new book, Inside Chinese Business.

弗吉尼亚大学达顿工商管理学院教授和新出版的《中国工商内情》的作者陈明哲说，海尔在“积累在美国经营的经验，然后确定市场定位。”

BROADWAY HEADQUARTERS

百老汇的总部

The company, whose Chief Executive Zhang Ruimin is famous in China for being filmed smashing sub-standard products with a hammer, last week bought a historical bank building on Broadway in Manhattan for $14 million.

海尔公司首席执行官张瑞敏用铁锤砸烂不合格产品的电视镜头使他在中国名声大噪。上周他的公司出资1400万美元在曼哈顿区的百老汇买下了一幢历史悠久的银行大楼。

“Buying a New York building for $14 million is not what’s going to make us,” said Jemal. “It’s about offering the customers the products the competition doesn’t have.” In the third quarter of this year, for example, the company plans to launch stainless steel Internet-linked appliances with Flash Gordon stylings, such as a home clothes washing machine that can be started via the Internet, he said.

“用1400万在纽约买一幢大楼并不等于我们会成功，”杰穆说，“而是为了向消费者提供竞争对手缺乏的东西。”比如说，海尔公司计划在2002年第3季度推出连网的弗兰氏·戈登型不锈钢电器，如通过因特网就能启动的家用洗衣机等。

To grow its brand in the US, the company has taken out ad space on a case-by-case basis on trolley carts at JFK International Airport in New York and on billboards in Miami and Chicago, but has not yet contracted with any of the big advertising firms. And Haier America is not only battling rival appliance makers in the US - it is also manufacturing for some of them. As OEM, Haier America does about 20 to 25 percent of its manufacturing on a contract basis for other companies, including big US competitors, who sell its products under their own brand names.

为了提高在美国的品牌知名度，海尔已着手在纽约肯尼迪国际机场的手推车上及迈阿密、芝加哥的广告牌上打广告。但是公司目前并未和任何一家大型广告公司签约。海尔美国公司不仅与美国的家用电器制造商竞争，同时也为其中一些对手制造产品。海尔美国公司制造的产

品有20%至25%是为其它公司签约生产的，其中不乏海尔的主要竞争对手，它们以自己品牌销售海尔生产的产品。

Not Now, Dr. Miracle

且慢，神奇医生

Severino Antinori is a rich Italian doctor with a string of private fertility clinics to his name. He likes watching football and claims the Catholic faith. Yet the Vatican is no fan of his science.

塞韦里诺·安蒂诺里是一个富有的意大利医生，在他名下有一连串治疗不育症的私人诊所。他喜欢观看足球比赛，自称为天主教的忠实信徒，然而梵蒂冈对他的研究却不感兴趣。

In his clinics, Antinori already offers every IVF treatment under the Sun, but still there are couples he cannot help. So now the man Italians call Dr. Miracle is offering to clone his patients to create the babies they so desperately want.

在他的诊所里，安蒂诺里已能给患者提供天下所有的试管受精治疗，但对某些夫妇，他仍然无能为力。因此，这个被意大利人称作神奇医生的人现在打算克隆患者本人来帮助他们得到迫切想要的孩子。

And of course it’s created quite a stir, with other scientists rounding on Antinori as religious lea ders line up to attack his cloning plan as an insult to human dignity. Yet it’s an ambition Antinori has expressed many times before. What’s new is that finally it seems to be building a head of steam. Like-minded scientists from the US have joined Antinori in his cloning adventure. At a conference in Rome last week they claimed hundreds of couples have already volunteered for the experiments.

当然这就引起了轩然大波，宗教领袖群起而攻之，认为这是对人类尊严的玷污，同时其他科学家也出来抨击他的克隆计划。尽管在此之前安蒂诺里已多次提到过他的远大志向，但这次不同的是他好像是要动真格的了。与安蒂诺里志趣相投的美国科学家加入了他的克隆冒险试验。上周在罗马举行的一次新闻发布会上，他们宣布已有上百对夫妇自愿成为实验对象。Antinori shot to fame seven years ago helping grandmothers give birth using donor eggs. Later he pioneered the use of mice to nurture the sperm of men with poor fertility. He is clearly no ordinary scientist but a showman who thrives on controversy and pushing reproductive biology to the limits. And that of course is one reason why he’s seen as being so dangerous.

七年前，安蒂诺里由于使用捐赠的卵子帮助高龄妇女成功生育，顿时名声大噪。随后，他率先使用老鼠为生殖力低下的男子培育精子。很显然，他不是一位普通的科学家，而是一个爱出风头的人。他靠论争而成名，并将生殖学推到了极限。为此他便理所当然地被视为危险人物。

However, his idea of using cloning to combat infertility is not as mad as it sounds. Many people have a hard job seeing the point of reproductive cloning. But for some couples, cloning represents the only hope of having a child carrying their genes, and scientists like Antinori are

probably right to say that much of our opposition to cloning as a fertility treatment is irrational. In future we may want to change our minds and allow it in special circumstances.

然而，他利用克隆技术来战胜不育症的想法并不是想象的那样不可理喻。很多人还难以理解利用克隆进行生育的意义，但对某些夫妇而言，他们想要一个携带自己基因的孩子，克隆技术是他们唯一的希望。就这点而言，与安迪诺瑞观点一致的科学家或许是正确的，他们指出我们没有充分的理由来反对作为医疗手段的克隆生育技术。将来我们也许会改变观点并允许在特殊的情况下使用克隆技术.

But only when the science is ready. And that’s the real problem. Five years on from Dolly, the science of cloning is still stuck in the dark ages. The failure rate is a shocking 97 per cent and deformed babies all too common. Even when cloning works, nobody understands why. So forget the complex moral arguments. To begin cloning people now, before even the most basic questions have been answered, is simply a waste of time and energy.

但前提条件是要等到科学发展成熟之后，而这才是问题的实质。克隆羊多利出生五年了，克隆技术却一直见不到曙光。克隆的失败率令人震惊，高达97%，畸形婴儿屡见不鲜。即使克隆成功了，也无人能理解其究竟。所以我们先别去争论复杂的伦理道德。在最基本问题得到澄清之前就开展人体克隆，简直就是浪费时间和精力。

This is not to say that Antinori will fail, only that if he succeeds it is likely to be at an unacceptably high price. Hundreds of eggs and embryos will be wasted and lots of women will go through difficult pregnancies resulting in miscarriages or abortions. A few years from now techniques will have improved and the wasteful loss won’t be as excessive. But right now there seems to be little anyone can do to keep the cloners at bay.

这并不是说安蒂诺里定会失败，问题仅仅在于即使他成功了，代价也许会高得让人难以接受。将会浪费大量的卵子和胚胎，很多妇女将经历怀孕的艰难过程，而结果却是流产或堕胎。从现在算起几年以后，技术将会有长足的进步，无谓的损失就会极大地降低。然而，在现阶段要想阻止生育克隆，似乎任何人对此都几乎无能为力。

And it’s not just Antinori and his team who are eager to go. A religious group called the Raelians believes cloning is the key to achieving immortality, and it, too, claims to have the necessary egg donors and volunteers willing to be implanted with cloned embryos.

这不仅仅是安蒂诺里和他的团队热衷于这项研究，还有一个叫做雷利安的宗教组织相信克隆是实现永生的关键，并声称已经拥有了必要的卵子捐赠者和自愿接受移植胚胎的人。

So what about tougher laws? Implanting cloned human embryos is already illegal in many countries but it will never be prohibited everywhere. In any case, the prohibition of cloning is more likely to drive it underground than stamp it out. Secrecy is already a problem. Antinori and his team are refusing to name the country they’ll be using as their base. Like it or not, the research is going ahead. Sooner or later we are going to have to decide whether regulation is safer than prohibition.

那末，制定更加严厉的法律又将如何呢？虽然目前在很多国家移植克隆的人类胚胎是非法的，但是绝不是所有的地方都会禁止。禁止克隆很有可能会使其转入地下，而不是将其根除。因为秘密研究会引起问题，安蒂诺里和他的团队拒绝透露他们将把哪个国家作为研究基地。不

管人们喜欢与否，克隆研究仍将进行下去。迟早我们将要做出抉择：对克隆研究进行规范是否比强行禁止更为有利。

Antinori would go for regulation, of course. He believes it is only a matter of time before we lose our hang- ups about reproductive cloning and accept it as just another IVF technique. Once the first baby is born and it cries, he said last week, the world will embrace it.

当然安蒂诺里会主张对克隆进行规范。他相信人们定会摆脱由克隆生育带来的情感冲突，将其作为另一种试管受精技术，这只是时间上的问题。上周他说道，一旦第一个克隆婴儿呱呱坠地，全世界一定会欢迎他的到来。

But the world will never embrace the first cloned baby if it is unhealthy or deformed or the sole survivor of hundreds of pregnancies. In jumping the gun, Dr. Miracle and his colleagues are taking one hell of a risk. If their instincts are wrong, the backlash against cloning -- and indeed science as a whole could be catastrophic.

但是，如果第一个克隆婴儿不健康、畸形，或者只是千百个克隆胎儿中的唯一幸存者，世界绝不会接受他。过早抢先开始克隆实验，神奇医生和他的同事们的确面临着极大的风险。如果他们的直觉出错，对克隆技术乃至对整个科学事业的冲击将是灾难性的。

I Have His Genes but Not His Genius

我有的是他的基因，而不是他的天赋

It’s Christmas Eve 2040, and I’m the only bartender still working that afternoon, and the house is practically empty. I see this guy down at the end of the bar, sitting by himself. I bring him a fresh drink, and wish him greetings of the season. He looks at me, sort of funny, and says: "Do you know who I am?"

那是2040年圣诞前夕，那天下午我是唯一还在酒吧里工作的招待，屋子里几乎已经空了。我看到一个人独自坐在酒台的尽头。我给他送去一杯鲜汁饮料并祝他圣诞快乐。他上下打量着我，有点古怪地问我：“你知道我是谁吗？”

I admit I don’t.

我老实告诉他，我并不认识他。

"Here, maybe this will help, " he says, and he pulls a little picture out of his wallet. An old portrait, really old, like centuries old. It’s a young man in profile: sharp nose, weak chin, definite resemblance to my frie nd here. At the bottom, there’s a caption: "W. A. Mozart."

“哦，也许这个会对你有所帮助，”他一边说一边从皮夹子里掏出一张小照片，一张很旧的人物照，仿佛好几个世纪以前照的。照片上是一位年轻人的侧面像：高鼻梁，小下巴，绝对很像我身边的这位朋友。相片的底部有一行说明：“W.A.莫扎特”。

Now it’s my turn to look at him funny. Then it hits me like a brick. "You’re that c lone guy," I say. "The guy in the papers back in the ’20s."

现在轮到我来古怪地审视他了。我像挨了当头一棒似的猛然明白过来。“你就是那个克隆出来的家伙，”我说，“20年代各家报纸上刊登过的那个家伙。”

"In the flesh. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. I have his brain, his heart, his DNA. He’s my father and my mother and my brother. He’s my identical twin, except I was born 247 years later."

“正是本人，沃尔夫冈.A.莫扎特。我有他的头脑，他的心脏，还有他的DNA。他是我的父亲，又是我的母亲和兄长。他是我的孪生兄弟，只是我比他晚出生247年。”

So he starts talking. It takes him a long time to explain, and I didn’t get it all, but I got a lot.

于是他开始谈了起来，费了很长时间才解释清楚，尽管我不能全部理解，但还是明白了不少。In 2001, Congress passed a ban on cloning humans, but of course mad scientists went ahead with secret cloning.

在2001年，尽管美国国会通过了关于禁止克隆人的法令，疯狂的科学家们仍在继续秘密地进行着克隆研究。

And then, there was this software billionaire who was nuts about Mozart, and was especially nuts about Mozart’s Requiem. He set up a secret institute in Switzerland and hired some top biologists and told them they’d get $1 million each for every baby they cloned from Mozart’s DNA.

后来，就是这位开发软件的亿万富翁，他是一个莫扎特迷，尤其迷恋莫扎特的安魂曲。他在瑞士创立了一个秘密研究所，雇佣了许多顶尖生物学家进行克隆人的研究，并向他们许诺，每克隆出一个带有莫扎特DNA的婴儿，他们每人都将得到100万美元的报酬。

In 2003, the institute managed to bring four babies to term. Two died shortly after birth. Two survived. But then this software billionaire died, and his company collapsed, and so did his cloning institute. One baby Mozart was put up for adoption anonymously. No one knows what happened to that one. The other baby was adopted by one of the scientists, who was a big Mozart fan herself.

在2003年，研究所成功地使四个婴儿足月产下，有两个在出生后不久就夭折了，另外两个却幸存了下来。但是就在那时，那位软件富翁死了，他的公司倒闭了，克隆研究所也因此垮台了。一个莫扎特婴儿被匿名收养，没有人知道他后来的情况；另一个被研究所的一位女科学家收养，她本人也是一个莫扎特迷。

"And that’s me," he says.

“后一个就是我，”他说。

His mother, of course, didn’t tell him or anyone else who he was, but she told the boy how special he was, how he was a genius, what a great composer he could be, trying to push her little Mozart toward music.

当然，关于他的身世，他母亲没有告诉他，也没有告诉别的人。但是，她对他说他很不一般，是一位天才，能成长为一位伟大的作曲家。她竭力将她的小莫扎特带进音乐的殿堂。

But the 2010s weren’t the 1760s. The boy may have had talent, but he also had his own priorities, and they didn’t include violin sonatas. He liked rock music and he li ked it loud, and then as he got older he liked beer and girls. The harder his mother pushed him to be a great composer, the less

he wanted to be one. After a while his mother gave up. By the time he was 20, he had a decent job working in a frame shop. And that’s when the roof fell in.

但是21世纪一十年代毕竟不是18世纪六十年代。这个小男孩也许有音乐方面的天赋，但是他也有了自己的爱好，其中却不包括小提琴奏鸣曲。他喜欢的是摇滚乐，而且是那种震耳欲聋的摇滚乐。随着年龄的增长，他喜欢上了啤酒和女孩子。他妈妈愈是努力地要将他培养成一个伟大的作曲家，他愈不想那样。不多久他妈妈也就放弃了。20岁的时候，他在一家镜框店里找了一份不错的工作。也就是在那个时候，灾难临头了。

Some reporter got wind of the institute and the cloning experiment and tracked him down. But no one could prove he was a clone of Mozart without digging up the original, so the media treated him as a joke. It just crushed him. He tried running away. He joined a Buddhist monastery in Japan. One day, while he was there, he heard the Requiem. Not for the first time, but this time it was different.

某些记者风闻了关于那个研究所和克隆实验的消息，并追踪找到了他。但由于没有发掘出资料渊源，没有人能证明他就是一个克隆的莫扎特，因此媒体都把他当作笑料。这一事件使他崩溃了。他试图逃离他乡。后来他在日本一家佛教寺院成了一位佛家弟子。有一天在佛寺，他听到了安魂曲。虽然这不是他第一次听到这首曲子，但这一次却有不一样的感受。

"My God, it was beautiful!" he says. "I felt a realization explode inside my head. I just felt it somehow: It rang inside of me. I’d finish it, or die trying." He knew that if he could finish the Requiem, he’d be famous for real, a genius instead of a fool. He immersed himself in Mozart’s music. Nights, weekends, all the time, he drove himself, working on the Requiem.

“天哪！真是美极了!”他说，“我感到我的脑袋砰然开窍，我终于感受到它了：它在我的内心激荡回响。我要去完成它，为此死不足惜。”他知道，如果他能完成安魂曲，他将会真的成为一名天才而闻名于天下，而不会被视为蠢才。他全心身地投入到莫扎特的音乐里。无论是夜晚还是周末，所有的时间他都用来不顾一切地谱写安魂曲。

"And? What happened?"

“那么，后来怎么样了？”

"I turned 37 four months ago. I’ve been working on the Requiem for 15 years. Mozart died when he was 35. I should have finished the Requiem two years ago."

“四个月前我就满了37岁。15年来我一心扑在谱写安魂曲的工作上。哎！莫扎特去世时才35岁，我本应该在两年前就完成安魂曲。”

"And you haven’t."

“你还没有啊。”

He looks at me for a while and shakes his head, "You don’t understand. I have his genes but not his genius."

他看了看我，摇摇头，说道：“你不理解。我有的是他的基因，而不是他的天赋啊。”

And with that he drops a tip on the bar and is gone. I never saw him again. If the Requiem was ever finished, I never heard about it.

学术综合英语(罗立胜)1-6单元课文翻译

human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to sense of reality by giving meaning to events. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an impli cit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。 明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。 Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of

综合英语教程2_课后翻译练习答案

综合英语教程2课后翻译答案汇总 Book Two Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at

综合英语(一)课文及翻译

Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.

综合英语教程2翻译答案1-9

Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at home. 5. “Will I ever be as good a player as Geoff” “Perhaps, but you still have a long way to go before that day comes.” 6. He is in danger of losing his job. 7. The practice of employing children to work in factories has nearly died out in many countries. UNIT 3 The Snake Bite 1. It started raining, so she made for the nearest shelter. 2. She picked out a cap to match her dress. 3. I waited for an hour, but he didn’t show up. 4. They figured it was better to stay where they were. 5. The earthquake that struck the little island caused 23 deaths. 6. He returned home at length after being away from the village for 20 years. 7. She managed to hold on to her job while many of her colleagues lost theirs. Unit 4 He was my father 1. My teacher told me that the liquid in the bottle could remove stains from metal and china. 2. The student sitting beside me looked around the examination room with apprehension. 3. He is now out of college and lives on his own. 4. They took turns staying awake in case anything went wrong. 5. The elder daughter will probably follow in her father's footsteps, and take over the family business when she's old enough. 6. He had to get off his bike and push it up the hill.

综合英语教程3课文翻译unite3

因 错 得 救 那是一个阴霾的下午，杰瑞·克莱姆动身去猎浣熊。 随他同行的有他的老牧羊狗和两只猎兔犬幼仔。至少他说它们是小猎兔犬。一个月以前，当杰瑞告诉他哥哥鲍勃说自己花了五美元买了那两只小狗时，鲍勃吼笑道：“你又犯傻了，杰瑞！”因而，鲍勃称呼两只幼仔为"错误1号"和" 错误2号"。 杰瑞猎捕了好几个小时，一无所获，直到最后用尽了子弹，他不得不承认这两只幼仔无多大用处。临近傍晚，他在一棵山毛榉树高处发现了一只浣熊。这棵树四十英尺高，极古老，数年前就枯死了。树干顶部被风暴卷走了，树干本身由于腐烂和虫咬已毁损了。 然而，杰瑞还是爬上了树，想用手抓浣熊。但是他未能碰到这只动物。正当他到达残缺的树干的顶尖时，他踩的树枝在脚下不幸断裂了。他马上跳到树干的边缘，树干的边缘立刻被压断了。他一下子跌入了朽树的深洞里，事情发生的太突然了，杰瑞都没来得及叫一声。 他直摔下去，途中一根伸出的树枝挂住了他的衣服，悬空片刻，接着他又跌倒了。他颤抖地、茫然地爬起来，但奇怪的是没有受伤。

树洞里一片漆黑。他头顶上仅有圆盘大的灰蒙蒙的天空。脚下梨状小孔映出一小块淡淡的光。他可以听见两只幼仔朝着他叫，牧羊狗后退并且惊慌地叫着。 杰瑞害怕了。过了一段时间，他平静下来了，开始寻找出路。树干里没有东西可以抓着爬出去；他无法抓住帮助阻止他下跌的那根根株。他竭尽全力，却不能把脚下的那个孔踢大。求救也无用，当时他离家太远。最后他决定派狗去寻求帮助。"回家，牧羊狗，回家！"他喊道。牧羊狗尖叫一声。"回家！"他又喊了一声。牧羊狗转身飞快地跨过田野，但两只幼仔仍原地不动，用叫声鼓励着主人。 夜幕来临。暴风雨袭来。闪电在头顶上闪过，雨水浇入了树洞。树洞里的空间仅够杰瑞站着，他被雨淋透了。他曾担心自己是否会淹死在那儿。但是雨水从顶部流入的同时又从脚下的那个孔流了出去。杰瑞可以听到两只幼仔在外面呜咽。他们被暴雨吓坏了，但并没有离开。相反，它们更接近树了，用嘴穿过小孔去舔主人的脚以示安慰。 同时牧羊狗跑过田野到了克莱姆家。它猛烈地叫着，以便鲍勃跟着它返回。但是当他们到达牧羊狗回家时曾奋力跃过的那道篱笆旁时，这只狗太累了再也不能跳过去了。最后，仅靠那两只双眼充满悲伤的幼仔的叫声引导鲍勃到了那棵树前。 营救队伍花了15个小时用绳子把杰瑞从浸透了的囚笼里

研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译

Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit

英语 大学英语综合教程2 翻译

一The rumor of the divorce was nothing but a means of hype for his new movie 离婚 他孤注一掷，用父母留给他的所有钱来开一家工厂。 He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the mone y his parents had left him. After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph.（赢得那场重要的比赛后） 4) 在全球化热潮中，我们要提防不同文化的冲突 In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 在这种情况下In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) 这婴儿非常健康。The baby is the very picture of health. 7) 人们已经意识到儿童接触有关暴力和色情电视节目的危害。 People have realized the dangers of exposing children to vio lence and sex on TV. 8) 我们始终考虑到我们是在为谁制作这部影片。(have in mind) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.三单元 2他在中学教书，但也兼职些翻译来取外快。 He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work o n the side to bring extra money 3自信是件好事，但自信与自员是有区别的 it's good to be confident (about yourself), but there is a differen ce between confidence and conceit 4．只有坚持到底的人才会成功。半运而度的人永远也无法实现梦想。 Only those who stick it out can achieve success Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams 5一个真正的英雄有勇气，有高尚的目标，而且乐于奉献 A true hero possesses/has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices 6任何人只要章起这本小说读了第一段，敦会发现很难把它放下。 Anyone who picked up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down 7从某中意义上说，生活就像游冰。如果总是扶任池边，就也学不会。 In a sense, life is like swimming. if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you will never learn 3一个民族的前在很大程度上取决于其数育与培训的质量 The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training 二 1只有那些有过类似经历的人，オ能够完全理解这一点。 Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully ap preciate this. 3我更特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式做出了贡献的人 i'd like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contribut ed over the years in one way or another

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程3课文原文及翻译Until1-8较完整版

目录 Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life (1) Unit1 Text B American Family Life: The Changing Picture (4) Unit2 Text A The Freedom Givers (10) Unit3 Text A The Land of the Lock (14) Unit3 Text B Why I Bought A Gun (16) Unit4 Text A Was Einstein a Space Alien? (21) Unit5 Text A Writing Three Thank-You Letters (25) Unit6 Text A The Last Leaf (28) Unit7 Text A Life of a Salesman (33) Unit7 Text B Bricklayer's Boy (41) Unit8 Text A Human Cloning: A Scientist’s Story (47) Unit8 Text B Second Thoughts on Cloning (50) Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life 多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂Jim Doherty 1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors'

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译

Unit1如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯 1.在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。 2.优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。 3.如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。 4.语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。 5.准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想象。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。 6.另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 7.恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。 8.优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。 9.在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、

大学学术英语读写教程 下册 课文翻译

WHAT IS STRESS The term stress has been defined in several different ways. sometimes the term is applied to stimuli or events in our environment that make physical and emotional demands on us, and sometimes it is applied to our emotional and physical reactions to such stimuli. in this discussion, we will refer to the environmental stimuli or events as stressors and to the emotional and physical reactions as stress. 压力这个词已经有几种不同的定义。有时候这个术语适用于我们环境中的刺激或事件，这些刺激或事件会对我们产生身体和情感方面的要求，有时也适用于我们对这种刺激的情绪和身体反应。在这个讨论中，我们将环境刺激或事件称为压力，并将情绪和身体上的反应称为压力。 Many sorts of events be stressors, including disasters, such as hurricanes or tornadoes; major life events, such as divorce or the loss of a job; and daily hassles, such as having to wait in line at the supermarket when you need to be somewhere else in 10 minutes. What all this events have in common is that they interfere with or threat our accustomed way of life. when we encounter such stressors, we must pull together our mental and physical resources in order to deal with the challenge. How well we succeed in doing so will determine how serious a toll the stress will take on our mental and physical well-being. 许多事件都是压力源，包括灾难，如飓风或龙卷风; 重大生活事件，如离婚或失业; 每天都有麻烦，比如当你要在10分钟内到别的地方去却不得不在超市排队等。所有这些事件都有共同之处，就是它们干涉或威胁我们习惯的生活方式。当我们遇到这样的压力时，我们必须整合我们的精神和物质资源来应对挑战。我们如何成功地做到这一点将决定压力对我们身心健康将产生多大的影响。 Reacting to stressors The Canadian physiologist Hans Seyle has been the most influential writer on stress. Seyle proposed that both humans and other animals react to any stressor in three stages, collectively known as the general adaptation syndrome. the first stage, when the person or animal becomes aware of the stressor is the alarm reaction. In this stage the organism becomes highly alert and aroused, energized by a burst of epinephrine. After the alarm reaction comes the stage of resistance , as the organism tries to adapt to the stressful stimulus or to escape from it. If these efforts are successful, the state of the organism returns to normal. If the organism cannot adapt to the continuing stress, however, it enters a stage of exhaustion or collapse. 加拿大生理学家Hans Seyle在压力方面一直是最有影响力的作家。塞尔提出，人类和其他动物在三个阶段对任何压力源作出反应，统称为一般适应综合症。第一阶段，当人或动物意识到应激源时，就是警报反应。在这个阶段，机体变得高度警觉和激起，并被一阵肾上腺素所激发。当警报反应进入抵抗阶段后，机体试图适应压力刺激或逃避压力。如果这些努力成功，机体的状态就会恢复正常。然而，如果生物体不能适应持续的压力，它就进入衰竭或崩溃的阶段。 Seyle developed his model of the general adaptation syndrome as a result of research with rats and other animals. In rats, certain stressors, such as painful tail-pulling consistently led to the same sorts of stress reactions in humans, however, it is harder to predict what will be stressful to a particular person at a particular time. subjective person's the on depends stressful be will stimulus particular a Whether

最新综合英语教程2第三版课文翻译资料

《综合英语教程》第二册课文、扩展阅读课文译文 Unit 1 Text 等候的人们 我坐在一个机场，观察着等候所爱之人到达或离开前最后一刻的人们。他们有的不安地来回走着，有的互相凝视着，有的拉着对方的手。此时的感情是强烈的。 一位讲西班牙语的女士正来回转圈地跑着，想要将全家人集中起来道别。她的嗓门很高。当登机前的最后时刻到来时，她用双臂搂着儿子，似乎这一紧紧的拥抱能保佑他将来平安地归来。 在我候机坐位旁的栏杆边站着一位祖母和她的孙子，该来接他们的人还没到。他们旁边有两位女士，互相之间显然没有关系，但她们的眼光都象扫视着大海的探照灯一样朝通道口仔细地搜索着。一位怀抱婴儿的母亲正与丈夫吻别。泪水打湿了她的面颊。这时刻十分令人动情。 在第13号出口处，抵达者们刚刚进站。“我看见她了，她在那儿。”以同样感人的激情，这些抵达者融入了庞杂的人群，仿佛他们是这人群中失而复得的一个组成部分。泪水、笑容，和由衷的快乐洋溢在久别重逢的欢声笑语中。 我坐着边翻书边等着我的登机时刻，感到有点孤独，因为亲人与我的时间不配；而我要去见的人，我的女儿，却在我旅程的另一端。 我在回想往日的离别和重逢。忆起我看见女儿，就是我现在要去见的女儿，正从那狭窄的通道走过来，肩上背着背包，怀里抱着塞得满满的行囊，带着的耳机让她无暇顾及身旁川流不息的人群。她当时上大学一年级，11月回家度假——8月份以来第一次回家。我紧紧地拥抱着她，似乎我曾失去过她。 今天我乘坐的航班晚点两小时。手里的书今天读起来没劲，不如观看眼前这熙来人往的人群。一个5岁左右的男孩第一次见到他的祖父。他一点点往上看，半天才看到了对成人来说并不算高的一位男人的脸。一高一矮的两人脸上都放出了喜悦的光芒，我不知道人们如何能用语言和胶卷来捕捉这一时刻。 当我的航班终于呼叫登机时，我收起书本和行李。既然无人相送，我就没有回头看看来时的方向，而是在想上班的丈夫此刻极想知道我是否已起飞，在另一端的女儿也正惦记着同一件事。 登机时，我回想起另一种离别和重逢。有一次我新婚不久，91岁的祖父去世了。我们的关系一直很密切，那天傍晚，我参加完他的葬礼乘飞机返回，一边离开机场一边哭着。我们刚刚结婚一年的丈夫等候在出站口，把我拥抱在怀中。满脸的泪水招来了大家对我的关注，但我并不在乎。不管怎么说，我内心的那种感受在机场没有什么不合时宜的。 生命始终都需要这般关注。我祝愿所有旅行的人们归来时都能看到有人在等候迎接他们。我也祝愿他们出发前有人去送行。我想到自己的祖父并认识到，如果死亡就像这样，一次旅行而已，那么，我就不会害怕。 （吕睿中译，胡一宁审校） Read more 重要之事