全国商务英语翻译证书技巧1
全国商务英语翻译证书技巧1
英译汉中的反译法
在英译汉过程中，我们常常遇到这样一种情况，即原词所表达的并不是其字面意义，而是其字面意义的反义，或者说是对其字面意义的否定，可这种否定又往往不出现否定词，这种情况并不很少，给翻译工作带来很大的麻烦。
下面是常见的两个词组，请注意它们的汉语意思：
① riot police防暴警察（即anti-riot police，而不是暴乱的警察）
②crisis law反危机法案（即anti-crisis law)
这两个词组的翻译采用的就是反译法，译文都是其字面意义的否定或反义，这样既表达了原文的真正含义，又符合汉语的表达习惯，使人一看就懂。
另外，英文报刊文章标题的翻译有时也采用反译法。如《中国日报》（China Daily）曾刊登一则新闻，题目是Inflation is target of bank’s new policy，主要说的是银行在1995年将来取有力措施制止通货膨胀。但题目的字面意思恰恰相反。因此我们在翻译时必须把inflation看成是anti-inflation，使之文题一致。这样的标题在英文报刊中比较常见，目的是为简练及醒目，在翻译时要格外注意，切勿望文生义。
再让我们来看看下面的例子：
（1）Sidney Simon called the college grading system “ archaic，prescientific，
bureaucratic invention”，and“about as accurate as police estimates of crowds
of peace marches.”
如果按字面翻译，这句话是这样的：西德尼·西蒙称这种大学评级制度“是过时的，缺乏科学验证”，而且还是“官僚主义的产物”而且“简直同警察估计和平示威人数一样准确。”
既然前面已说了这个评级制度“过时无用，缺乏科学验证”，而且还是“官僚主义的产物”，后面又怎么能说它“准确”呢？这显然自相矛盾，西蒙所表达的真正含义绝非如此。
以上译文，忽略了说话人的语气。其实，西蒙是在抨击大学评级制度。他说话时，前面直接用了archaic，prescientific和bureaucratic几个贬义词，而后面的褒义词accurate实际上是一个反语。因为我们知道，警察在估计示威人数时只能说出大概，往往和实际人数出入很大，极不准确。所以说话人所表达的真正含义是not accurate，或inaccurate。这样，可理解成about as inaccurate，as police estimates of crowds of peace marches，译成汉语就是：“简直同警察估计和平示威人数一样不准确。”也就是把accurate反过来译，即反译。
以上例句是通过分析说话人的语气来采用反译法正确表达语义的。有的句子前面所表达的意思是否定的，但根据这个意思得出来的结论却是肯定的。为了使其真正含义不至于前后矛盾，我们也采取反译后面结论的方法。
（2）This sort of situation highlights a critical weakness in the ANC leadership：
accountability.
如按字面则译成：这种情况突出了非国大领导层方面的极为严重的弱点：有责任心。
“有责任心”怎么能是“弱点”呢？这种译文显然是错误的。作者在句尾所表达的真正含义其实和前面提到的“弱点”是一致的，即可理解成unaccountability。那么全句应译成：这种情况突出了非国大领导层方面的极为严重的弱点，玩忽职守（无责任心）。
还有一些句子则通过正确理解上下文，仔细推敲关键同的实际含义，再相应采取反译法进行翻译。
（3）In fact，the willingness to experiment is one of the most striking
features，and it seems to be rooted in confidence rather than security.
实际上，乐于进行试验是最显著的特点之一。它来源于信心，而不是出于不稳定感。
综上所述，所谓反译法即把原文中个别词语（大多为名词或形容词）否定或取其反义之后再翻译成汉语，以便译文和原文所表达的真正含义相一致。这就要求我们能正确理解原文，弄清作者所抱的思想感情和运用的语气，同时又要熟知汉语已有的习惯表达方式。而这些能力只有通过不断的翻译实践才能逐步提高。常见错译实例
在一些由中文翻译的英语样本、合同、广告和其他文件材料中常见一些翻译错误，现仅举几个出现频率较高的例子，试作分析，谨供读者朋友参考。
1.由港澳国际投资公司投资的海口电站工程因其建设速度和质量得到高度评价。
原译文：The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co,Ltd. was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.
注：投资某项工程应为invest in a project，在被动语态中不能漏去前置词in。
应译为：The Haikou Power Station Project invested in（在某些情况下可用financed or funded）by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.
2.上海SFECO拥有5个控股子公司。
原译文：Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies.
注：share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股权的股东公司。上述译文意思是5个公司持有Shanghai SFECO Group的股份，换句话说，这5个公司是“老子”公司，因此显然不符合中文原意。
应译为：Shanghai SFECO Group is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies. 或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies.
3.中国民生银行有限公司
原译文：China Minsheng Banking Corporation, Ltd.
注：corporation本身即为有限公司，相当于limited company，英译中无需再加“Ltd”。
应译为：China Minsheng Banking Corporation
4.项目中标之后，我们将立即开始前期准备工作。
原译文：After the bid is awarded, we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation.
注：项目中标应为accept a bid or award the contract。显然上述译文把两种表达法相混淆了。
应译为：After the bid is accepted (or the contract is awarded), we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation.
5.欢迎您参观我们交易会
原译文：Welcome you to visit our fair!
注：译文中welcome是动词，因此此句是祈使句形式，省略的主语为第二人称你（你们），而不是中文所含的我（我们）之意。
应译为：We welcome you to visit our trade fair!
更简洁而地道的译法是：Welcome to our trade fair!
6.我公司出口工业产品、化工产品、医药等。
原译文：Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines and etc..
注：etc.等于and so on或and others，已含有and的成分，上述译文无需加上and一词。
应译为：Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines, etc..
7.我们将委托贵公司作为我公司在毛里求斯的业务代理。
原译文：We hereby entrust your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.
注：entrust一词在作委托解时用法为entrust somebody with something or entrust something to somebody。
应译为：We hereby appoint your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.
应译为：After this agreement is signed by the two parties, both parties shall strictly abide by it. 组织机构名称翻译法
政府官方机构包括中央政府部门与各级地方政府部门。国务院以下各级国家机构由委 (Commission)，部 (ministry)，司 (department)，局 (bureau)，处 (division)，所 (institute)，科 (section)，中心 (centre)，室 (office) 等组成。各机构部门职责分工不同，历史沿革不同，因而机构名称不尽相同，其英译也有差异。有些政府部门有约定俗成的简略语，如国家教委(国家教育委员会)、国家计委 (国家计划委员会)。翻译这些简略语需将其全称意译成英语，例如：
中国人民政治协商会议 the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conferenc 中国人民政治协商会议 the Chinese People's Political
Consultative Conferenc
外事局the Bureau of Foreign Affairs 地农业局 the Prefectural Agricultural Bureau 地税务局 the Prefectural Tax Bureaue 人事处 the Division of Personnel ；the Personnel
Division
2) 地方政府机构包括省、地、市、县等各级政府及其下属机构部门，有委 (commission)，厅
(department)，局 (bureau)，公司 (company)等，其名称采用意译方法，例如： 省民政厅 the Provincial Department of Civil ，Administration 省教委 the Provincial Educational Commission 省审计局 the Provincial Auditing Bureau 省监察局 the Provincial Supervisory Bureau
省进出口公司 the Provincial Import and Export Company 行政处 the Division of Administration ; the Administrative Division
3) 社会团体单位 (如工厂、商店、医院、公司、大学、中小学、出版社等)，其名称一般采取意译方法，例如：
International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运 8.本合同签订之后，签约双方中任何一方不得将合同内容泄露给第三方。
原译文：Any of the two parties can not divulge the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.
注：双方中任何一方为either of the two parties ，三方（或三方以上）中任何一方才用any of the parties ，因本句为否定句。
应译为：Neither of the two parties can divulge the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.
9.在双方签约之后，各方将严格遵守本协议。
原译文：After this agreement is signed by the two parties, all parties shall strictly abide by it.
注：与上一条相类似，在协议当事方为三方（或三方以上）时，各方为all parties ，而当事方为两方时应用both parties 。
全国人民代表大会 the National People's Congress 常设委员会the Standing Committee 全国人民代表大会 the National People's Congress 常设委员会the Standing Committee 国务院 the State Council
国家计委 the State Planning Commission 国家教委the State Educational Commission 外交部 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ；the Foreign Ministry 财政部the Ministry of Finance 文化部the Ministry of Culture 商业部the Ministry of Commerce
南京大学 Nanjing University
北京四中 Beijing No ．4 (number four) Middle School
北京第一实验小学 Beijing No ．I (number one) Experimental Primary Elementary School 武汉钢铁公司 Wuhan Iron and Steel Company
杭州万向节厂Hangzhou Universal Joints Factory
北京301医院Beijing No．301 (number three 0 one) Hospital
北京动物园Beijing Zoo
4)专业组织和民间组织名称，一般也采用意译方法，例如：
市消费者协会the Municipal Consumers’ Association
5）国际主要经济贸易组织协会名称翻译
National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会
Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会
Association for the Promotion of International Trade, Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会
International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会
市体委the City／Municipal Physical Culture and Sports Commission
市文委 the City ／Municipal Cultural Commission
市公用局 the City ／Municipal Public Utility Bureau
市商品检验局 the City ／Municipal Commodity Inspection Bureau
市邮政总局the City ／Municipal
General Post Office
市保险公司 the City ／Municipal Insurance Company
3) 社会团体单位 (如工厂、商店、医院、公司、大学、中小学、出版社等)，其名称一般采取意译方法，例如：
市消费者协会the Municipal Consumers’ Association
International
Chamber
of
Commerce 国际商会 5）国际主要经济贸易组织协会
名称翻译
National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会
Japan-China
Economic
Association 日中经济协会 Association for the Promotion of International Trade, Japan 日本国际贸易促进会
British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会
输保险协会
International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会 Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟
Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会
United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会 Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织 European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体
European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟 European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区 Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会 Eurogroup 欧洲集团 Group of Ten 十国集团
Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会 Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会 Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA
加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟） Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场
Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟 Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场 African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织
East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场 Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟 West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织 Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织
Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区
Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade
县工业局the County Industrial Bureau 县林业局 the County Forestry Bureau 1
南京大学 Nanjing University
北京四中 Beijing No ．4 (number four) Middle School
北京第一实验小学 Beijing No ．I (number one) Experimental Primary Elementary School 武汉钢铁公司 Wuhan Iron and Steel Company 杭州万向节厂 Hangzhou Universal Joints Factory
北京301医院 Beijing No ．301 (number three 0 one) Hospital 北京动物园 Beijing Zoo
4)专业组织和民间组织名称，一般也采用意译方法，例如： 市消费者协会the Municipal Consumers’ A ssociation
International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行
International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会
International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定
International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织
European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟
European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金
Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行
African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行
Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行
National city Bank of New York 花旗银行
American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行
American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行
The Chase Bank 大通银行
Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行
European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行
Midland Bank Ltd. 米兰银行
United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行
Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行
Bank of Tokyo Ltd. 东京银行
Hong Kong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行
International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司
La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体
Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会
United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署
United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金
United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织
法国对外贸易中心
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD
联合国贸易与发展会议
Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织,
粮农组织
Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会
Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会
Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会
Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会
New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所 London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场
Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议 Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织 Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会
Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会 Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会 Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会 Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会 New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所 London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场
Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所
增加的翻译法 2)
增
加
到
(increasing to) 表示数目、数额、数值、数量或度量达到
共计、总计与合计，表示两个或两个以上数量的总和。
to amount to ／add up to ／total one hundred
million
yuan 合计一亿元 如何翻译不确定数目
表示大约数目 大约数目指的是围
绕特定数目、以及
比特定数目或多或少的数目。汉语在数词前加“约”、“约计”、“大约”、“大概”等词，或在数词后加“左右”、“上下”等词表示。英语在数词前加。about ， around ，some ，approximately ，roughly ，more or less ，in the neighbourhood of 等词或词组，或在数词后加or so ，or thereabout ，in the rough 等词组表示，例如； a) about ／around
five o’clock 大约五点钟／五点钟左右
增加到，表示在原来基础上增加后的结果，用前置词to a) 表示数目、数额、数值、数量或度量增加到 to increase ／rise to nine people 增加到9人
to increase ／rise to fifteen person-times 增加到15人次
to increase ／rise to seven hundred and twenty-five yuan 增加到725元 to increase ／rise to twenty-one hundred ／two thousand one hundred kilograms 增加到2,100公斤
to increase ／rise to three hundred and fifty thousand metres 增加到350，000公尺 b) 表示百分数、分数增加到
to increase ／rise to twenty-five per cent ／one-fourth ／one-quarter 增加到百分之二十五／四分之一
to increase ／rise to fifty per cent ／one-half 增加到百分之五十／二分之一
to increase ／rise to sixty per cent ／three-fifths 增加到百分之六十／五分之三 3) 达到 (Coming to) 达到，表示数量增加后到达的程度，英语用动词to come to ／ jump to ／reach ／arrive at 等表示，例如：
1) 增加了 (increasing by)
增加了，表示增加的部分，用前置词by 。 a) 表示数目、数额、数值、数量或度量增加了 to increase ／rise by fifty people 增加了50人 to increase ／rise by one hundred and thirty person-times 增加了130人次
to increase ／rise by two hundred and five sets 增加了205套 to increase ／rise by eight hundred yuan 增加了800元
to increase ／rise by two thousand kilo grams 增加了2，000公斤 to increase ／rise by one hundred and fifty metres 增加了150，000公尺 b) 表示百分数、分数增加了
to increase ／rise ／be raised ／go up ／shoot up by one-hundredth; It's an increase ／rise by one per cent 增加了百分之一 to increase ／rise by twenty per cent ／one-fifth 增加了百分之二十／五分之一
b) about／around／some／approximately／roughly／more or less／in the neighbourhood of twenty people 大约
二十人／二十人左右
c) about／around／some／approximately／roughly／more or less in the neighbourhood of one hundred yuan：大
约一百元／一百元左右
2) 表示“少于”的数目
表示比特定数目少或小的数目，汉语用在数词前加“少于”、“小于”、“低于”、“不到”、“不及”、“不足”等词，
或在数词后加“以下”、“以内”、“以里”等词表示。英语用在数词前加fewer than，less than，under，below，
within等词或词组表示，例如；
a) fewer than／less than／under／below／within one thousand yuan少于一千元／不到一千元／一千元以下
b) below zero degrees Celsius 摄氏零度以下
3) 表示“差不多”的数目
差不多，是一种特殊的表示“少于”的数目的方法，接近特定数目或仅差一点。汉语用在数词前加“近”、“将
近”、“接近”、“几乎”、“差不多”、“差一点”、“差一点不到”等词表示。英语在数词前加nearly，almost，toward，
close on等词或词组表示，
例如：a) nearly／almost eight o'clock接近八点
b) nearly／almost/toward fifty years old将近五十岁／差一点五十岁
c) nearly／almost／close on one hundred yuan将近一百元／差不多一百元
4) 表示“多于”的数目
表示比特定数目多或大的数目，汉语用在数词前加“多于”、“大于”、“高于”、“超过”等词，或在数词后加
“多”、“来”、“几”、“余”、“以上”等词表示。英语用在数词前加more than ，over，above，upwards of等词
或词组表示，或用在数词后加and more，odd，and odd等词或词组表示，例如：
a) more than／over／above ten days ten days and more十来天／十几天
b) more than／over／above／upwards of a hundred yuan one hundred yuan and more／odd／and odd一百多元／一百来元
c) above thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit华氏32度以上
5) 表示“介于"的数目
表示介于两个特定数目之间的数目，汉语用“到"、“至”等词连接两个数词，或用“介于…之间”表示。英语用from．．．to；(anywhere)betw 表示，例如：
a) from five to six days; between five and six days五至六天
b) from thirty to forty metres；between thirty and forty metres 三十到四十公尺
c) from seven thousand to eight thousand yuan between seven thousand and eight thousand yuan (介于) 七千到八千元(之间)
d) from eight hundred to nine hundred kilometres anywhere between eight hundred and nine hundred kilometres(介于) 八百到九百公里(之
6) 表示“相邻”的数目
连用两个相邻的数字，表示一个不确定数目。英语用or连接两个相邻数字来表示。注意“三三两两”是特殊的“相邻”的数目。表示个以上”等，英语在数词后加or more表示，
例如：a) one or two一两个
b) two or three两三个
c) sixty or seventy六七十
d) seven hundred of eight hundred七八百
e) three thousand or four thousand三四千
f) by twos and threes 三三两两
g) two or more两个或两个以上
h) ten or more 十个或十个以上
7) 表示“数十”等数目
表示“数十”、“数百”、“数千”等不确定数目，英语在ten ／dozen ／score ／hundred/thousand ／million ／billion 等数词的复数形式后加of 构成，例如：
a) tens of(20—99)；dozens of(24—99); scores of(40-99) 数十／几十／好几十 b) hundreds of (200—999)several hundred 数百／数以百计／几百／好几百／成百
c) thousands of (2，000—9，999)；several thousand 数千／数以千计／几千／好几千／成千 d) tens of thousands of (20，000—99，999) 数万／数以万计／几万／好几万 e) hundreds of thousands of (200，000—999，999) 数十万／几十万／好几十万 f) millions of (2，000，000—9，999，999) 数百万／几百万／好几百万 g) tens of millions of (20，000，000-99，999，999) 数千万／几千万／好几千万
h) hundreds of millions of (200，000，000-999，999，999) 数亿／几亿／好几亿 i) 数十亿／几十亿／好几十亿 billions of(2，000，000，000—9，999，999，999) 职位职称翻译法
manager (of the company) 公司经理
director ／chief ／head (of the section) 科长 职位有正职、副职之分。各种机构有自己独特的职位名称，不可混淆。英语有相应的约定俗成的译名。专门表示正职的词有： chairman 主席 president 总统 premier 总理 minister 部长 governor 省长 mayor 市长
secretary general 秘书长
president ／principal (of the university) 大学校长
chairman (of the federation ／association) 联合会／协会主席 president (of the society) 学会会长
一般表示正职的词有 director ，chief ，head ，例如： director ／chief ／head (of the department) 司长 director ／chief ／head (of the bureau) 局长 director ／chief ／head (of the division) 处长
英语表示副职的词有vice ，deputy ，assistant 等，跟chairman ／president 有关的副职用vice 表示，例如： 副主席 vice-chairman 副总统vice-president 副总理 vice-premier 副部长 vice-minister 副省长 vice-governor 副市长 vice-mayor
(大学) 副校长 vice-president (of the university)
(联合会／协会)副主席 vice-chairman (of the federation ／association) (学会) 副会长vice-president (of the society) 跟director 有关的副职用deputy 表示，例如； 副局长deputy director (of the bureau) 副处长deputy director (of the section)
跟manager 有关的副职用assistant 表示，例如； (公司) 副经理 assistant manager (of the company) 2）常见职务：
accounting supervisor 会计主管
administration manager 行政经理
administration staff 行政人员
administrative assistant 行政助理
administrative clerk 行政办事员
bond analyst 证券分析员
bond trader 证券交易员financial reporter财务报告人fund manager财务经理
general manager/ president总经理
general manager assistant总经理助理
general manager's secretary 总经理秘书
management consultant 管理顾问
manager for public relations公关部经理
market analyst市场分析员
market development manager 市场开发部经理
marketing manager 市场销售部经理
marketing staff 市场销售员
marketing assistant 销售助理
marketing executive 销售主管
marketing representative 销售代表
marketing representative manager 市场调研部经理
office assistant 办公室助理
office clerk 职员
operational manager 业务经理
promotional manager 推售部经理
real estate staff 房地产职员
regional manager 地区经理
sales assistant 销售助理
sales clerk 店员、售货员
sales coordinator 销售协调人
sales engineer 销售工程师
sales executive 销售主管
sales manager 销售部经理
salesperson 销售员
seller representative 销售代表
全国商务英语翻译统一考试_4
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商务英语翻译试题(二)试卷及答案-2
商务英语翻译试题(二)试卷及答案-2
商务英语翻译试题（二） Ⅰ词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分） 1．该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。（10分） (1) promote A. to encourage the popularity, sale or development B. to change or vary C. to act as judge in an argument D. to speak or write to someone (2) to address A. to speak or write to someone, or to direct information at someone. B. to offer, supply C. to stipulate D. to come up with ideas (3) to indemnify A. to pay for the damage B. to state something officially C. to suggest an idea D. to use something instead of another (4) to cancel an order A. to confirm an order B. to deliver a letter C. to recommend a candidate D. to make void or of no effect (5) ceiling A. upper limit B. cancellation C. bottom D. the lowest point (6) tide over A. to help sb. during a period of difficulty B. to spend a lot of time doing C. to tie to sth. D. to try one’s best (7) carry out A. to take away B. to perform or complete C. to give or offer something D. to suggest an idea (8) to complicate A. to finish something B. to be dissatisfied with something C. to make something more difficult to deal with D. to compare with something (9) to put on an event A. to come up with ideas B. to come on for sth. 2
商务英语翻译技巧
商务英语翻译技巧 摘要 商务英语(Business English)是一种含有商务理论和实用商务的理论。在经济信息日益发达的现代社会，随着国际贸易的发展，商务英语翻译的作用越来越明显。本文，大致分为五个部分对商务英语翻译技巧进行分析。文章第一部分概括了商务英语以及商务英语翻译；第二部分分别从商务英语的文体特征、语言特点对其进行分析；之后三个部分分别介绍了翻译的方法和翻译的原则。最后进行总结。得出商务英语的翻译机巧和方法。 关键字：商务英语；翻译技巧；特点；文体特征 前言 商务英语是以国际间的商务往来为基础的语言交流，商务英语包括的范围比较广，例如：金融方面的英语、贸易英语、还有一些专业的英语等。这也说明了商务英语所涉及的范围比较广泛，涉及各行各业，这也就决定了从事商务英语翻译的人不仅仅需要有扎实的英语基本功，还有对其他方面的英语进行了解，这样一来才能使交易双方能够更好地沟通，完成交易。 现如今，整个世界融为了一个整体，各个国家之间的贸易往来逐渐丰富，目前在国际间最通用的就是英语。商务英语要求翻译者更加的精确、对等，因为商务英语中会涉及到很多文件、条款等信息，所以必须要精确。只有这样才能达到双方活动的顺利进行。尤其在我国，中西方文化差异较大，更应该注意这方面的问题。一字之差就容易铸成大错。所以，做好商务英语的翻译工作尤为重要。本文针对这一问题展开讨论，分析了商务英语的翻译技巧。 商务英语及商务英语翻译的概括 商务英语涉及范围很广,包括的种类也十分多。大部分跟国际商务活动有关的例如：国际贸易、会计、金融等方面所用到的英语都属于商务英语的范围。它涉及的领域主要包括对外贸易、招商引资、国际旅游、海外投资以及国际运输等方面。除了领域广泛之外,它还包括许多专业的英语例如：广告英语、法律英语、应用文英语、包装英语等。因此，伴随着国际贸易的范围不断的扩大，越来越多的人，开始加入到翻译的这一事业之中。 对商务英语的翻译,在很长时间以来备受关注,商务英语翻译工作也是一项十分复杂的工作,由于其用途的广泛性和特殊要性,就决定了商务英语的翻译工作不能仅仅局限于传统的翻译中务词汇和具有较好的商务语法基础,这些是一个翻译者应该具备的原则和技巧,不能仅仅依靠“信、达、雅”的翻译要求来完成商务英语的翻译工作,必须依照商务文件的愿意,把它翻译的既能清楚的表达意义,又能够符合商务双方的语言习惯。在翻译的过程中一定要从实际情况出发,做到具体问题具体分析。 商务英语的特点 2.1商务英语的文体特征 2.1.1思维具有逻辑性，朴实无华 正式体英语的从句层次复杂，句子长度通常高于非正式英语。长句分词、独立主格结构的频繁使用是书面语体的典型特征，它们适合于表达多层次的复杂的逻辑关系，可以充分完整地表达相互关联的意义，这种效果是短句无法达到的。由于商务函电常要表示某些条款相互成立、互为条件，或对某些一连串的具有因果关系的事件进行叙述，因此，这种语体就非常适合这种要求。例如： The work hereof shall be commenced in compliance with the construction work of Party A’s plant, and shall be completed within thirty days after the complet ion of Party A’s plant including the completion of inner part of the plant when the plant be in the condition that trial run for air conditioning mechanism is possible.
商务英语翻译技巧整理
一.翻译原则 1.忠实原则,即信息对等而不是语意对等 Eg.每年的两届交易会,把全国几乎所有的外贸公司和出口商品集中起来,统一到广州展出,成交,减少了我们到国外推销的支出,外商也可以只派少数人到会选购,不必花大人力到我各口岸寻找生意,节省了买卖双方的费用,深受国外经营各种商品的中小客商的欢迎. The biannual Guangzhou Fair is attended by almost all foreign trade companies in China and presents a great number of export commodities to buyers from abroad. Many transactions are concluded at the fair. As sellers and buyers can all gather in one place to conduct trade talks, the fair apparently saves them a great deal of time and money. This explains why the Guangzhou Fair has long been popular among overseas traders. 2. 准确原则---选词准确,概念表达准确,数码单位准确. 如: 保税区≠Free trade zone 保税仓库≠Tarriff-free warehouse Eg.客商从开发区企业分得的利润汇出境外时,免征所得税. Profits gained by the investors and businessmen from the Development Zone terprises will be exempted from tax when remitted out of China. Eg.如贵方能将尿素报价降至每吨1200美元,我们可以订购150至180吨. If you can reduce your price of Urea to 1,200 dollars per ton, we may consider placing an order of 150-180 tons. 3.统一原则 译名,概念,术语应始终保持统一,不能随意改变译名. 如:基本建设≠basic construction 基本价格≠basic price 4.文化融入 A.注意文化因素---了解中西方文化差异 1)思维方式的不同 中国文化重权威与历史,西方重现实与事实---偏实用. 中国文化重整体,西方偏分析性思维 2) 语言的不同 中国语言重修饰,偏笼统与含糊,西方语言重具体和准确. 谦辞在许多场合被采用,体现了中国文化背景下语用特征之一.
《商务英语翻译》历年真题及答案[]doc
全国商务英语翻译统一考试初级笔译练习试题 练习一 Part I Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese 1．迄今为止，各国的移民政策侧重于为低技能工人设置障碍，同时鼓励高技能专业人才、工程师、科学家和企业家前来工作，甚至定居。 2．Kasda是瑞士的汽车、能源和食品集团公司。本年度第一季度，尽管它的总营业额下降了6%，但是利润却增加了12.1%。 3．“海洋城”以其绵延10英里（相当于16公里）的海滩而闻名，每年接待约800万游客 4．当富人想到将财富传给子孙的时候，他们通常会有两种情绪：害怕和忧虑。他们害怕或忧虑金钱会对子孙产生消极影响；害怕金钱会让子孙失去通过努力工作获得成功的人生动力。 5．关于我方第315号订单，由于到货质量低劣，我方被迫表达强烈不满。 6．China is fielding its largest-ever Olympic team at the upcoming Beijing Games, with 639 athletes competing in all 28 sports. The Chinese team will attempt to surpass the 32 gold medals won at the Athens Olympics, four less than the United States. 7．A Japanese media report says Japan and China have reached a compromise and agreed to jointly develop gas fields and share profits in disputed areas of the East China Sea. 8．The number of newly laid-off U.S. workers rose last week, the latest sign that the economic downturn is affecting the job market. A report Thursday from the Labor Department said the number of people applying for unemployment benefits for the first time rose 22–thousand, to 378–thousand. 9. Chinese economy suffered only a mild setback in the first quarter of 2008, and remains resilient despite inflation and worsening global credit crisis. 10. Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs, saving on the cost of finding replacements. Part II Translate the following passages into Chinese. Passage 1 Most Americans believe someone isn’t grown up until age 26, probably with a completed education, a full-time job, a family to support and financial independence, a survey said. But they also believe that becoming an official grown-up is a process that takes five years from about the age of 20, concluded the report from the University of Chicago’s National Opinion Research Center. The findings were based on a representative sample of 1398 people over age 18. The poll found the following ages at which people expect the transitions to grown-up status to be completed: age 20.9 self-supporting; 21.1 no longer living with parents; 21.2 full-time job; 22.3 education complete; 24.5 being able to support a family financially; 25.7 married; and 26.2 having a child. “There is a large degree of consensus across social groups on the relative importance of the seven transitions,” said Tom Smith, director of the survey. The only notable pattern of differences is on views about supporting a family, having a child and g etting married. “Older adults and the widowed and married rate these as more important than younger adults and the never-married do,” he added. “This probably reflects in large part a shift in values across generations away from traditional family values.” The most valued step toward reaching adulthood, the survey found, was completing an education, followed by full-time employment, supporting a family, financial independence, living independently of parents, marriage and parenthood. Passage 2 Spend less than you earn. This is perhaps the most worn out, overused phrase in the world of personal finance. But guess what? It’s also the single most important financial lesson you’ll ever learn. No matter how hard you work and how much money you earn, you’ll never achieve financial security if you spend more than you earn, so…… do whatever it takes to make sure that this doesn’t happen. This takes self-discipline, and might require constructing a budget, but if you ever want to get to a point where you can afford all the little niceties in life, you need to make it happen. Plan for the future. I’ve been where you are, and I know that “the future” seems like it’s a million miles away. Do yourself a favor. Sit down and define short, intermediate, and long-term goals and then put together a plan for getting there. It’s not easy, and you probably won’t get it right at first but once you do this, you’ll have something concrete to work from (and to modify in the future). Start small and work your way up. Be patient. Building a solid financial foundation takes time. Don’t look for shortcuts or try to strike it rich overnight wit h the latest hot investment tip. Likewise, don’t make major financial decisions wi thout fully considering the ramifications. This isn’t to say that you should be paralyzed fear. Rather, you need to do your homework. Turn those unknowns into knowns, and
商务英语翻译测试题及答案
商务英语翻译测试题及 答案 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended
without the agreement by the both parties. 3. However, the tariff should not be greater in amount than the margin of price caused by dumping. 4. As usual, the lion’s share of the budget is for defense. 5. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.
II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.