翻译与写作 答案
Key to Exercises:
Unit 1
Exercise I:
1. 普通教育除了专业训练的内容外，还指对人的全方位的培养过程。
2. 从严格意义上来说，大学是为了把普通学生教育成为有文化修养、具备优秀专业技能的人。
3. 大学是一个推动探索、使各种发现得到不断完善和证实的地方; 在那里，轻率和鲁莾变得无伤大雅，错误通过思想与思想之间、知识与知识之间的碰撞会暴露无遗。
4. 以科研作为主要的教学手段，教授的作用在于把科研和教学结合起来——科研活动转变成为一种学习的模式。
5. 获取信息和理解信息是最基本的人权，而我们现在拥有人类历史上前所未有的信息量。
6. 信息对个人和社会的发展都非常重要，信息技术将使那些能够获取并利用它的人拥有相当大的力量。
7. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who thinks.
8. Basic education is currently funded primarily by the state in most countries.
9. The impact of globalization is not just on trade and production, it also has an important impact on education.
10. A new challenge to teaching is the pressure to internationalize curriculum offerings.
Exercise II:
1. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.
在美国，学生通常要花很多时间在学校图书馆里，或完成一门课的作业，或从事研究以便准备要写的报告。
因此，留学生会发现他们在一所美国大学里学习的成败，在很大程度上取决于利用图书馆的能力。
他们也会发现教授一开始便希望他们自己去查找并评价资料，而不是在讲课时提供需要记住的具体事实和课程资料。
因而，学生必须提高查找、选择和评价图书馆资料的技能。大多数学校在每一学
年开始时所进行的新生入学指导计划中，就包括如何利用图书馆的指导。
2. Translate the following passage from Chinese into English.
I often hear university presidents say, "I treat my students as if they were my own children." And indeed they act just like strict but loving parents, telling the students that they should get at least eight hours of sleep, that everyone must get up for morning exercises at six a.m., that they aren't allowed to walk around campus in slippers.
I have always considered university presidents to be visionary policymakers who set the course of academic research and education rather than mere nannies in charge of feeding steamed bread and porridge to infants. Some educators might say, "If these students had learned a bit of independence and self-discipline before they came to college, I wouldn't need to spoon-feed and discipline them like this. It is because they were not taught all these things in primary and secondary school that I, a university president, have to teach them now.”
These remarks sound reasonable, yet in fact they are quite illogical. Since it is because the students have all along been taught in a spoon-fed manner that they haven't acquired independence and self-discipline after 12 years of schooling, wouldn't it merely result in an endless vicious circle if this sort of "babysitting" is continued at university level? Besides, what are the aims of our university education? To turn out submissive and rule-abiding students, or students who are able to independently assess a situation, make decisions and pass judgments?
Unit 2
Exercise 1.
中国经历了一系列艰苦的变革和试验。我和其他的美国人都没有资格告诉中国应采取什么样的经济制度。最适合中国的是一个在中国扎了根的制度――扎根于中国的习惯、传统与行事方式。检验任何制度要看它的结果：看它在多达程度上能更大地满足人民的需要。中国人民所需要的与美国人民所需要的不会在所有方面完全一致，但在某些方面会是一致的。对任何经济制度的最终检验要看其是否有效。一个有效的经济制度能激发生产的积极性，能公平地分配其产品。什么样地奖励是有效的，什么是“公平”的分配。――这些问题不同的文化会有不同的回答，甚至同一文化在不同的历史时期或不同的发展阶段也会有不同的回答。
在大国中，美国的经济制度在历史上最成功地制造了繁荣。中国的制度在历史上
最成功地创造了平等。我们面临的共同挑战是避免强迫人民在二者之间做出一个困难的选择：在一个极端是一个能提供平等，但延续贫困的制度，在另一个极端是一个能提供繁荣，但会无视贫困的制度。贫困对平等和繁荣来说都是一个过高的代价。中国所面临的挑战是坚持平等的原则而不损害其人民的生产力。美国所面临的挑战是提供繁荣，以便给予全体人民一个摆脱贫困的机会。我们的制度有着巨大的差别，但从长远的观点来看，我们为全体人民谋求更美好的生活的目标是一致的。
经过几个世纪的战争与革命，中国需要一个和平的世纪和进步的世纪。只有当中国领导人保持一个世纪的稳定，这些才会成为可能――这并不是停滞的稳定而是一个创造性的稳定，为中国人民所固有的聪明才智的充分发挥提供富饶的土壤。
最近几年，中国正在进行艰苦的创造性的努力，旨在创立一个适合中国目前历史时期和发展阶段的制度。我们展望未来，展望下一个世纪，中国的制度会继续发展与变化。所有的制度都是如此。美国目前的经济制度不同于一个世纪之前，甚至不同于半个世纪前、当我达到美国人称之为成熟年龄的时候。
2.
When talking about China-US trade, we should not overlook one fundamental fact, that is, in the past 25 years, two-way trade has experienced a tremendous expansion … Does such a huge increase benefit only one side at the expense of the other? … In fact, both countries have reaped tremendous benefits from the rapid expansion of China-US trade.
…china is the world’s largest developing country with a huge market, fast development and a low cost of labor, but short in capital and relatively backward in technology and management. …such diversity and complementarity will remain for a long time, and are likely to feature more prominently in the ongoing economic globalization.
Unit 3
Exercise 1.
你会认为这应该是一个摆脱了偏见的时代，可当听到一名普通男子谈论他对一名普通女子的看法时，你就不会这样认为了。妇女早已赢得了独立。她们经过长期艰苦的斗争，在全球大部分地区可以与男子享有同等的教育机会。她们一次又一次地证明，妇女在几乎所有领域里都不比男子差，甚至还常常胜过男子。
这场艰苦的女性能力认可战虽已打赢，却远未终结。延续这场战斗的是男性而非女性，因为许多男子对女子的态度基本上仍然是敌视性的。许多国家和地区的妇
女仍然贝视为二等公民。如果听信一些男人所言，你甚至会得出男女两性非同种同类的可怕结论。
从表面上看，这些男人对女性能力的评论似乎只是一种戏言，可这表面现象却无法掩饰许多男人对女性所抱的鄙视态度。无论这些男子怎样讥讽妇女，他们那种自认为比女性优越的看法是没有事实依据的。我们现以驾车为例。我们都知道，女性开车时所出的车祸远远少于男性驾驶员的车祸。妇女通常非常谨慎小心，事实上她们已能胜任任何一种你能叫得出名字的职业。政治家、士兵、医生、工人、大学教授、农民、经理、律师、科学家、国家元首中的女性成员所作出的成就常常使许多男性感到羞愧。我们不可忘记，女性在这些领域里取得辉煌成就的同时还肩负着生儿育女的重任呢。
2.
There is a population of over 1,200 million in China, among which rural population is over 900 million. Although further differentiation is taking place in rural society, its population is increasing rather than decreasing. According to a survey by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the rural population increased by over 8 million compared with 1978. A survey report points out: “Without the development of urbanization, the problem of rural areas, agriculture and farmers cannot be solved. In the past, it was often said that farmers’ problem was in the final analysis a problem concerning land, which has been basically solved now. The present problem of farmers is one of obtaining employment.”Therefore, it is urgent that urban and rural social problems should be regulated, urbanization should be accelerated, the serious situation of urbanization lagging behind industrialization should be changed. Some economists estimated that in 2005, the surplus rural labor in China would rise to 200 million, which needed to be absorbed by cities.
Big cities are far from enough in realizing the shift of the large rural population, because the employment pressure in big cities is universally heavy. Some experts consider that the outlets for the shift of rural population are mainly small cities and towns. The life expense and children’s education expense of urban citizens are far higher that those of rural ones, hence more employment opportunities.
Unit 4
Exercise 1.
信息技术正从根本上改变着世界，改变着人们的居住、工作、管理和交际方式。
在进入21世纪之际，全球信息革命已不是一种遥远的展望，而是一种迫近的现实。
作为信息革命核心催化剂的信息技术和通信技术，其加速发展正在对经济活动和社会结构的几乎所有方面产生越来越大的影响。技术进步的特点是大幅度提升了的信息储存与处理的速度、容量和功能，以及成本更为低廉的传播能力。更重要的是，技术的本质是将模拟技术转变为数字技术，将半导体转变为微处理器，将有线电信和固定电信转变为无线电信和移动电信，将专有系统转变为开放系统，将互为独立的声音、资料、文字和图像传播方式转变为交互式的多媒体方式。
2.
High and new technology represents up-to-date productivity and a strong driving force for the progress of human society. Constant innovation of knowledge and rapid progress in science and technology have substantially promoted global economic development, and changed and enriched people’s life in a deeper way.
Science and technology development in China is inseparable from that in the rest of the world, and the progress of world science and technology also needs China’s contribution. As a WTO member, China is actively moving with the tide of globalization with all-around opening up. As an important force in the international high-tech field, China will bring into play its rich resources in science, technology and knowledge, conduct broader and deeper exchanges and cooperation in the international high-tech area and contribute further to the cause of world science and technology development and human progress.
Unit 5
Exercise 1.
你是否曾在开会时走神，是否曾在电脑前猛然醒过神来，或者在看电视节目时打瞌睡? 成千上万的美国人都这样，这就令人关注了。华盛顿的一个非赢利性的研究机构——国家睡眠基金会最近一项民意调查显示，三分之二的美国人夜间睡眠都达不到专家建议的时间。斯坦福大学医学院睡眠障碍中心主任威廉·迪蒙特医生说，这意味着睡眠不足“在这个国家已到了流行病的地步。”
不管是由失眠症引起的，还是当今流行开夜车的生活方式造成的，睡眠不足都会使人判断力下降，创造力缺乏，记忆力减退，甚至得忧郁症。它也会使你更容易受病毒和细菌的感染。芝加哥大学的研究人员发现，睡眠不足只要超过六个夜晚，就会损害新陈代谢和激素分泌的功能。久而久之，这会引发或加重高血压以及该疾病的常见形式——乙型糖尿病。
For a long time, Westerners have been skeptical about the efficacy of China’s patent drugs made of medical herbs. In the past few years, traditional Chinese medicine has been subject to rigorous scientific scrutiny worldwide.
To prove and enhance the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, the mainland of China has poured huge amounts of money into hard research on this field. While Hong Kong has been endeavoring to make itself the world leader in research on traditional Chinese medicine, Taiwan has put forward a plan to transform itself into a traditional Chinese medicine technology center. Research into traditional cures is also blossoming at universities and other institutions outside Asia. These efforts to unlock the secrets of traditional remedies could produce benefits for sufferers of diseases that have confounded both Western and traditional Chinese medicines.
Unit 6
Exercise 1
……然而，有太长时间，在我们英国以及整个发达世界，人们一直认为使用能源不成问题。……我们太依赖现有的能源了，然而它们并非取之不竭，并非安全可靠。对能源的需求正在超出其供应能力。
……在那里，对非安全能源进口的依赖和供应不平衡通常会造成毁灭性的经济压力。非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲许多地区缺乏持续的能源供应，制约了经济增长和发展，形成了贫困与落后之间永不停息的恶性循环。
2
A country with a large population, relative insufficiency of natural resources and an expanding economy, China suffers an increasingly outstanding disparity between economic development on the one hand and natural resources and the environment on the other. We, therefore, must correctly handle the relationships between economic development on the one hand, and population growth, natural resources consumption and the environmental protection on the other. We should exploit our natural resources more rationally and make use of them in an integrated manner. We should do our best to protect and improve our ecological environment, so as to ensure that our economic development will not only meet the current needs of this generation, but benefit future generation.
Unit 7
Exercise I
1．工业区外的乡村是田野与树木的天地，郁郁葱葱，青绿相间，美不胜收；色彩之细微与清淡，世上独有，由此也足见这儿的气候温和宜人。
2．西北的湖畔区被公认为全英格兰风景最美的地方。一切都那么小巧玲珑，因而山峦也显得格外高大。
3．英格兰虽是弹丸之地，但是在那里走走，你会觉得距离比想象的要远；而且，如果稍事旅行，你就会发现景随步移，美不胜收。
4．美国幅员辽阔，土地肥沃，气侯温和。
5．去芝加哥的交通十分方便，大多数国内航线和许多国际航线都直达芝加哥。6．芝加哥充满活力，慷慨好客，令人振奋。在那里，弥漫着一种“无所不能”的精神——你想干什么，就能干什么！
7．弗吉尼亚州的自然风光多姿多彩。切萨皮克湾是北美渔产最丰富的港湾，而蓝岭则是世界上最古老的山脉。
8．新罕布什尔州森林茂密，绿树长青，泉水蜿蜒流淌，湖边风景如画，到处都是幽然寂静的好去处。
Exercise II
1. Since the publication of Lost Horizon by James Hilton fifty years ago, Shangri-La has become the dreamland for many tourists and adventure lovers.
2. A web of waterways, tiled houses and stone bridges holds together Zhouzhuang, a small canal town located on the picturesque shores of the Dianshan Lake, west of Shanghai.
3. Around West Lake, the air is clean, the landscape green and tranquil, and the avenues of willows and arched stone bridges conform to everyone’s idea of what Chinese scenery should look like.
4. The Jianhu Lake in Shaoxing is also known as the Mirror Lake for its crystal clear water and picturesque landscapes around.
5. Vast lawns extend like sheets of vivid green, with here and there clumps of gigantic trees, heaping up rich piles of foliage.
6. Within the bounds of Yueqing City are the Northern Yandang Mountain and the Central Yandang Mountain, both of which are among the first group of the
key national scenic resorts designated by the State.
7. As a favorite itinerary , the two scenic mountains have become famous summer and tourist resorts as well as sanitaria.
8. Zhejiang is located in the south wing of the Yangtze River Delta on the southeast coast of China. It borders Shanghai, the country’s largest city, on the northeast with Hangzhou as its capital.
Exercise III
1. Huangshan
Huangshan, a well-known tourist mountain resort, occupies an area of 1200 square kilometers in South Anhui Province. Boasting 72 peaks, including the best known Lianhua, Tiandu, Shixin and Qingluan Peaks, Huangshan blends the grandeur of Mount Tai, the awe of Huashan Mountain and the elegance of Mount Emei. Huangshan is most noted for its four attractions unparalleled elsewhere, namely, extraordinary pines growing out of rock crevices, grotesque rocks, seas of clouds swirling around the peaks, and hot springs. The world-famous Visitor-Greeting Pine has long been known for its singular build.
2. Chinese Gardens
An important characteristic feature of the Chinese garden is that no one point gives an overall view of the garden. It is made up of more or less isolated sections which have to be discovered gradually.
As the composition is never entirely revealed, it retains some of the charm of the unknown.
The variety among Chinese gardens is due to differences in climate, vegetation and location. A garden in Shanghai cannot resemble one in Beijing. City gardens are different from gardens in the country, or mountain retreats as illustrated by the painters.
In Yu Garden, elements of both the Northern style and Southern style of architecture and landscaping are here happily married into a magnificent unified whole. Due to the artistic attainment of the architects, the garden has been well known in southeast China for its harmony, symmetry, proportion and balance in layout.
Unit 8
Exercise 1
黑人是唯一非自愿到美国来的“移民”。几百年来，非洲人被迫离开自己的家园到新世界为奴。那句“人人生而平等”的话在他们的时代并不适用于黑人。1865年，南北战争的结束终于为黑奴带来了自由，但是黑人的社会地位仍然较低。黑人和白人上不同的学校，在不同的餐馆吃饭，甚至连喝水都用不同的饮水机。
20世纪50年代至60年代的民权运动帮助黑人得到许多宪法中所保障的权利。1954年最高法院的一个判决决定了在公立学校里不准实行种族隔离政策。虽然民权运动有所收获，但是种族问题仍然存在。此外，黑人和白人并不是唯一为和平相处而挣扎的种族群体。多元文化的美国拥有无数力争得到平等待遇的少数族裔群体。
2
The Tang Dynasty
The Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-907), with its capital at Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization——equal, or even superior to, the Han period.
Its territory, acquired through the military expansion of its early rulers, was greater than that of the Han. Stimulated by contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a flowering of creativity in many fields. Buddhism became a permanent part of Chinese traditional culture. Block printing was invented, making the written word available to a vastly greater public.
The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art. A government system supported by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations was perfected under Tang rule.
New Year’s Eve
New Year’s Eve is the time when people bid farewell to the old year and welcome in the new. When they bid farewell to the old year, they hope bad luck and misfortune will be left behind; when they welcome in the new year, they wish for a happier year ahead.
Usually New Year’s Eve is the busiest day of the year. Within one day people must finish all the work that is taboo to do in the following days, such as the slaughtering of pigs and cattle, replacing the old with the new, cleaning the house and all the other jobs that need to be done with knives and scissors. Most importantly, the family reunion dinner must be well prepared. This is an auspicious and the most sumptuous meal of the year, and part of the food must be left over for the coming year, symbolizing that the family have food enough
to spare from year to year.
Such a bountiful feast is known as the “Crossing-the-Year Meal”. When the meal is prepared, the food is first used as a sacrificial offering to the gods and ancestors.
Unit 9
Exercise 1
教育是美国青少年体育运动中的重要主题。禁锢在教室里的小孩子精力旺盛，不服管教。他们渴望在橄榄球场、篮球场或是棒球场上一展身手，获得自由。孩子们想要扑啊、踢啊，相互扑打，而有组织的赛场为他们提供了可以尽情发泄的场所。在橄榄球场上，孩子们相互厮打基本上是受到鼓励的。尽管场面一片混乱，但是大人们始终在进行指导和监督，而且孩子们在体育赛场上度过的时间必定会有所收获。尽责的教练会努力教孩子们学习团队精神、自我牺牲、竞争，以及胜不骄败不馁的态度。老师们至少是希望学生们在球场上玩累了之后能老老实实地坐在教室里上文化课。
2
New Beijing, Great Olympics
Reform and opening up to the outside world have brought about great changes in Beijing, a city with a 3,000-year history. The city has taken on a completely new look as it enters the new century. It will embrace the athletes and friends from the rest of the world attending the Olympic Games with great enthusiasm. The great modern Olympic Movement has gone through many changes in the past 100 years. Should the Olympic Games be held in China, the most populous nation in the world, the Olympic spirit will be even further disseminated and a new page will be turned in the Olympic history; and the Olympic Movement will show its unique splendor to the world in the new millennium?
Unit 10
Exercise 1
我愿借此机会谨代表我所有的同事，对你们热情的接待以及无与伦比的款待表示感谢。在中国度过的这六天，确确实实令人愉快，令人难以忘怀。
我特别要赞颂我们的中国合作伙伴，没有他们的努力我们是无法成功地达成合作
协议的。我在此敬请各位与我一起举杯，为我们两家公司永久的友谊与合作，为我们中国同仁的身体健康，干杯！
2
Mr. Chairman, it is with great pleasure that I am here to attend this annual meeting. On the occasion of this opening ceremony, I would like to express my deep appreciation to the host for this opportunity to address the topic of peace and development, and pay my high respect for all the representatives present at the meeting.
This meeting provides us with an ideal arena where we will exchange views, clear up misunderstandings and reach common ground. I would like to take this opportunity to elaborate on the position and views of my government on the issues concerning the establishment of a new international political and economic order at the turn of the century, the prospects of world peace and development, and the role of the United Nations.
3
A: 我深感荣幸，欢迎你们今天出席这个历史性的场合。我代表教职员工以及商学院的学生一起欢迎你们来到我们的校园。今天是一个非常重要的日子，哈佛人有机会和一个来自不断改革，不断发展的国家的总理进行面对面的交流。这个国家的未来与我国的未来紧密相关。在这个全球化的时代，大学的作用越来越重要。我们是和世界不同地区的朋友进行联系好交流的纽带。尊贵的客人，哈佛大学非常荣幸地欢迎各位。
B: Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen, I would like to begin by sincerely thanking the President for his kind invitation. Harvard is a world famous institution of higher learning, attracting the best minds and bringing them up generation after generation. In its 367 years of history, Harvard has produced seven American presidents and more than 40 Nobel laureates. You have reason to be proud of your university. It is my great pleasure today to stand on your rostrum and have this face-to-face exchange with you.
A: 谢谢您。作为一名历史学家，我有很多问题想要问您，但是现在不是我问问题的时候。我们的学生递上来一些问题，我想告诉您的是学生们的问题恐怕比主任们的问题更难回答，所以请允许我念一个我们学生提出的问题。
实用英文写作与翻译作业与参考答案21
实用英文写作与翻译2-1作业及参考答案 第一次作业： Americans Eat Out More often and Less Healthfully Although food cooked at home is far more healthful than meals eaten at restaurants, Americans are dining out more than ever, the U.S. Agriculture Department said Tuesday. Restaurant food accounted for（[在数量，比例方面] 占） 39 percent of U.S. meals bought in 1996, up from 26 percent in 1970, the department said in a report, ``Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet.'' ``While（尽管）the nutritional quality（营养质量）of foods consumed by Americans has improved overall, foods prepared at home are generally much more healthful than away-from-home foods,'' the department said. ``Despite nutritional gains at home, Americans will find it difficult to improve their diets because they purchase so many meals outside the home,'' the study said. While （尽管）the nutritional content of food prepared both at home and in restaurants has improved in recent years, food eaten out contains more of the nutrients Americans typically（一般地；通常）eat too much of, including fat and saturated fat（饱和脂肪）, and less of what is lacking from most diets, such as calcium, fiber and iron. The department recommended nutrition education programs should place more emphasis on teaching U.S. consumers about how to order healthful meals when dining out. Improved diets have been found to prevent risk of heart disease, stroke（中风）, cancer, diabetes（糖尿病）, osteoporosis-related hip fractures（与骨质疏松症有关的髋关节骨折） and neural tube birth defects（神经管先天缺损）. Osteoporosis-related hip fractures cost up to $10.6 billion each year in the United States in medical care expenses, missed work and premature deaths（早亡）, the department said. 参考译文：美国人外出用餐频繁而饮食健康水准美况愈下 据美国农业部星期二称尽管在家煮烧的食物远比餐馆里所用之餐有益于健康，美国人外出用餐更频繁。餐馆里的食物占1996年美国人购餐的39%，比1970年增长了26%。该部门在报告中称：“外出所用之餐对于美国人饮食质量日益重要”。该部门还称：“虽然美国人消费的食物的营养质量总体改善了。但是，一般来说，家里所备的食物远比外出用餐的食物有益于健康。”研究表明：“尽管在家里用餐能获取养份，美国人发觉他们难以改善自己的饮食，因为他们多次在外购餐。”近年来在家里和餐馆里所备的食物的营养结构都得到了改善，然而，外出用餐的食物包含了较多典型的美国人汲取过多的养份，包括脂肪和饱和脂肪，也包含了较少多数饮食中所缺少的，如钙，纤维和铁。该农业部提议营养教育计划应更着重于教导美国消费者外出用餐时如何预定有益于健康的一餐。人们发现改善后的饮食结构能预防心脏病，中风，癌症，糖尿病，与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折以及试管婴儿的神经缺陷所带来的危险。该部门称，在美国与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折每年在医疗照料费用，医疗失误和早产死亡之上的耗费高达106亿美元。 第二次作业 1、Kill one’s appetite ?Kill time ?Kill the peace ?Kill the mood ?Kill the proposal ?Kill the engine ?Kill the child with kindness 2、If the doctor had been available, the child would not have died. 3、This ticket is available in all parks. 4、I’ll have Mr. Perkin call you back as soon as he is available.
四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧
四种翻译方法 1.直译和意译 所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时，就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。（张培基） 应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.（郭著章） 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。
专升本翻译和写作练习题
单句翻译训练 1. The threat of any kind of power failure usually puts fear into the hearts of many people. 2. I once came near being drowned in the attempt to swim across this river. 3. The tape recorder can be a very effective aid to teaching if it is used imaginatively. 4. The time of the hot summer weather lasted so long that the old could scarecely bear it. 5. Good English skills help you express yourself so that others can understand exactly what you mean. 1. 任何一种类型的断电都会给人们造成内心的恐慌。 2. 在试图渡过这条河时，我差点被淹死。 3. 如果使用得当，录音机可以起到很好的教学辅助作用。 4. 炎热的夏天持续的时间太久，使老人几乎无法忍受。 5. 流畅的英语表达能力可以使你准确地表达你的观点 6. Now television pictures can be sent from one side of the world to the other by
means of satellites. 7. Since human beings depend to some degree on forests, every effort must be made to preserve trees. 8. She worked very hard; otherwise she could not have passsed the entrance examination. 9. In many developiing countries, cigarette smoking is even seen as a sign of economic progress. 10. Since Altantic College is on the coast, many of the activities for the students are related to the sea or water in general. 1. 电视图像现在可以借助于卫星来进行传递了。 2. 因为人类依赖于森林，因此应竭尽全力保护树木。 3. 她学习非常刻苦，否则将无法通过入学考试。 4. 在许多发展中国家，吸烟甚至被看作是经济进步的标志 5. 因为大西洋学院坐落在沿海地区，所以学生的各种活动都和海或水有关。 11. After long negotiation, the firm contracted to build a double-purpose bridge across the river.
翻译及写作练习汇总
翻译及写作练习汇总 一、 翻译练习： 写句子时先写主干，再写零碎 主谓宾 S+V+O +how_when+where 尽量不要写祈使句 中文： 我和JACK 这个星期天要去野餐。如果你能来的话，我们将非常高兴。 JACK得去购物，这样的话我们每个人都会有我们爱吃的东西。为了保护环境， 我们就不会用纸杯子，相反我们会用玻璃杯。天气会很不错，我们会在那散步。 顺便说一句，希望你不介意MIKE跟我们一起来。他非常可爱我们都喜欢他。 虽然他是一只特别可爱的狗，但是我们不会让它吃太多。因为这个对它的健康没好处。 我们将会非常高兴地看到这么多的好朋友聚在一起。 翻译例文： Jack and I will go for a picnic this Sunday. We will be pleased if you can join us. Jack will do some shopping so that every one of us can have our favorite food. In order to protect the environment, we won't use paper cups. Instead, we will bring some glass ones. The weather will fine enough for us to have a walk. By the way, I hope you don't mind Mike's coming with us. He is so lovely that we all love him. Though he is a nice dog, we won't allow him to eat to much. It's bad for his health. We will be glad to see so many friends getting together. 状从的常用写作句型： 1.没有事情是不可能的，只要你全力以赴。 Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. 2.他如此的善良以至于常帮助别人。 He is so kind that he is always ready to help others. 3.他如此的对音乐感兴趣，以至于他花费尽可能多的时间练习弹钢琴。 He is so interested in music that he spend s as much time as he can practicing playding the piano. 4.读的书越多，收获越大。 The more books you read, the more you can get/gain/achieve. 5.为了提高英语，你要尽可能的使用它。
英语翻译方法和技巧归纳
英语翻译方法和技巧归纳 一、词汇方面 ㈠.词义选择 大多数英语词汇是多义的，翻译时必须选择正确的词义。词义选择的方法有三:根据上下文和词的搭配选择、根据词类选择、根据专业选择。 ㈡.词义转换 在理解英文词汇的原始意义基础上，翻译时可根据汉语的习惯按引伸义译出；或用反义词语译出，即所谓的正文反译、反文正译。 ㈢.词类转换
英语中很多由动词转化而成的名词、以及动名词、非谓语动词等，汉译时可将它们转换成动词。 ㈣.补词 是指原文已有某种含义但未用词汇直接表达，译文中需将这些含义补充进去，这样才更通顺易读，如：英语中数词与名词之间没有量词，而译成汉语时可酌情增加。 ㈤.省略 是指原文中某些词在译文中省略不译，只要并不影响意义的完整。如：上面讲的汉语“量词”，译成英语时则可以省略；又如：英语中大量使用物主代词而汉语中往往省略不用。 ㈥.并列与重复
英语在表达重复含义的并列结构中常采用共享、替代、转换等形式来避免重复，而汉语却常常有意重复表达以加强文字的力度，如：英语的物主代词替代前面的名词，短语动词只重复介词而省略主动词，汉译时可考虑重复表达。 二、句子结构方面 子结构方面的翻译技巧，主要有三种类型：语序类、组合类和转换类。 ㈠.语序类 1. 顺译法与逆译法 英语时间状语可前可后。不仅如此，英语在表达结果、条件、说明等定语从句、状语从句也很灵活，既可以先述也可以后述。而汉语
表达往往是按时间或逻辑的顺序进行的，因此，顺译法也罢逆译法也罢，其实都是为了与汉语的习惯相一致。英语表达与汉语一致的就顺译，相反的则逆译。 有时候顺译法与逆译法的差别,就象前面谈的正译与反译,依译者的爱好而定。 2. 前置法 英语中较短的限定性定语从句、表身份特征等的同位语在译成汉语时，往往可以提到先行词（中心词）的前面。 3. 分起总叙与总起分叙 长句子和句子嵌套现象在英语中比较普遍，这是因为英语的连词、关系代词、关系副词等虚词比较活跃、生成能力强，可构成并列句、复合句以及它们的组合形式。
(完整版)雅思写作句子翻译练习
主语从句翻译句子练习： 1.显然，到2000年这两个国家依赖于不同的主要燃料源。 2.据报道每年有成千上百万人死于和水有关的疾病。 3.谁应该对老年人负责这个问题在社区里被广泛讨论。 4.不论谁污染环境都应该受到惩罚。 5.It is probable that the nocturnal trades（夜间的谋生）go way back in the ancestry of all mammals（哺乳动物）.（剑7 Test 1 Reading1） 6.It should be no surprise then that among mathematicians and architects, left-handers tend to be more common and there are more left-handed males than females. 7.现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在学生毕业的时候教给他们所需要的所有知识。 8.这档节目是否成功在接下来的几十年将会揭晓。 9.人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为社会必不可少的一部分。 10.无可争辩，寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年。 11.采取有效的措施来结束日益恶化的空气污染势在必行。 12.无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。 13.人们普遍认为太空探索能够促进科学事业的发展。
14.值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。 15.众所周知，环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。 宾语从句翻译句子练习： 1.许多专家怀疑英语是否应该作为全球唯一的官方语言。 2.大部分学生相信业余工作使他们有更多的机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他 们未来找工作是非常有好处的。 3.有些人认为旅游业的发展会对传统文化产生一些负面的影响。 4.一项调查显示，许多农民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到 一些新技术。 5.越来越多的专家认为农民工(farmer laborers/rural emigrants)对城市的建设起 到积极作用，然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨农民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，比如犯罪。 6.说到教育，大部分人认为其是终生的学习。 7.越来越多的专家开始相信这种状况将对当地的经济发展产生不利影响。 8.一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。 9.许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。 表语从句翻译句子练习： 1.一个迫切的问题是许多稀有物种正处于灭绝的边缘。
英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧
英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧 翻译是信息交流过程中极其复杂的社会心理现象。语言知识是翻译的基础。此外，翻译还涉及到推理、判断、分析和综合等复杂的心理认识过程。翻译的方法和技巧是翻译工作者在长期的实践中根据两种语言的特点总结归纳出来的一般规律。这些规律可以指导我们的翻译实践，使我们能更自觉、更灵活地处理翻译过程中所遇到的各种语言现象。下面就英译汉中的一些方法和技巧结合翻译实例作一概述。 1.词义的选择 ? 一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言都有的一种语言现象。因此，在平日的翻译练习和测试中，我们在弄清原文句子结构后，务必注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词义，以保证译文的质量。通常可从以下三个方面来考虑词义选择： 1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义 例如：Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good. ［译文］：审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利益。 ［注释］：本句中like作介词，意为"像……一样"。但like作动词用，则意为"喜欢；想要"。例如：He likes films with happy endings. (他喜欢结局好的电影。)又如：Would you like to leave a message (你要不要留个话儿)此外，like还可以作形容词用，意为"相同的"，如：Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.(电荷同性相斥，异性相吸。) 2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义 例1According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. ［译文］：新学派的科学家们认为，技术在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。 ［注释］：school一词常被误译为"学校"，其实，school还有一个词义"学派"。可见，正确选择词义对译文质量有重要影响，而文章的上下文和逻辑联系是翻译中选择词义的重要依据。 例2Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. ［译文］：既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所使用的尺度要能提供"有效的"和"公平的"比较。
高中英语句子翻译与写作 第1章 时态
第一章时态 历届试题 1．在过去的几年里，这加工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute…for) (S99) 2．尽管有很多困难，我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。(in spite of) (Ss00) 3．小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。(help) (S04) 4．他们的新房子离学校很远。(far) (S07) 5．各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。(add to) (S07) 6．前天我们订购了二十台洗衣机。(order) (Ss07) 7．网球运动在上海越来越流行了。(popular) (S09) 8．尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施救援。(despite) (S09) I. 一般现在时 1．在公共汽车上李先生总是设法匆匆浏览一下报纸的标题。(glance at) 2．一条装有邮件和食物的小船一星期一次航行到那岛上。(go over to) 3．我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) 4．晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟。(wash up) 5．我认为你找到男生宿舍不会有困难的。(have trouble in) 6．不同的国家有不同的问候形式。(form) 7．我们中3／5以上的人喜欢田径运动。(love) 8．大多数学生住在学校附近。(a stone’s throw) 9．有了一台计算机，我们就能更快地做各种各样的工作。(all kinds of) 10．一艘现代化轮船可以在几天内横渡大西洋。(cross) 11．音乐在人类生活中起着重要的作用。(play a … part in) 12．那些孩子中没有一个会演奏乐器。(instrument) 13．他坚持正确的，反对错误的。(persevere) 14．你看起来很累，这音乐将有助于你放松。(relax) 15．缺乏先进的科学技术是一个严重的问题。(1ack) 16．我们用无线电和电视和世界各国人民保持联系。(keep in touch with) 17．巴金全集主要由小说和散文组成。(consist of) 18．那家工厂提供我们各种各样的塑料产品。(provide) 19．每一个人，无论老幼，必须向周围的人学习。(old or young) 20．像英语一样，汉语也有许多谚语。(proverbs) 21．那些学生把大部分零用钱花在书上。(spend) 22．一定有人把我的自行车拿走了，我找不到了。(take) 23．这不仅是我们的卧室，事实上我们什么都在这里干的。(more than) 24．这些年轻人自愿贡献大量时间为老人服务。(volunteer) 25．电脑在科学研究的许多方面替代了人脑。(substitute) 26．我的丈夫和我对音乐有相似的爱好。(similar) 27．有些学生不理解这首诗的含义。(make out) 28．千里之行，始于足下。(start) 29．尽管意见有分歧，他们对维护世界和平有着共同的利益。(in spite of) 30．旅游不仅是一种很好的锻炼形式，也为各国人民之间的文化交流提供了一种重要手段。(in addition to) 31．知识的共享将造福于四面八方的人们。(benefit)
高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析
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1. 该表格描述了在...年之...年间...数量的变化。 2. 该柱状图展示了... 3. 该图为我们提供了有关...有趣数据。 4. 该图向我们展示了... 5. 该线形图揭示了... 6. 这个曲线图描述了...的趋势。 7. 数据(字)表明... 8. 该树型图向我们揭示了如何... 9. 该数据(字)可以这样理解... 10. 这些数据资料令我们得出结论... 11. 如图所示... 12. 根据这些表(数字)... 13. 如表格所示... 14. 从图中可以看出，...发生了巨大变化。 15. 从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到... 16. 这个图表向我们展示了... 17. 该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b的比例关系。 18. 该图描述了...总的趋势。 19. 这是个柱型图，描述了...
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