大学英语三级语法概要

大学英语三级语法概要

英语语法是英语各项语言技能的基础，是语言学习的关键。语法贯穿整个英语学习的全过程。语法在大学英语三级考试中所占比重较大，应予以重视。熟练掌握基本的语法知识是必要的，如果能了解语结构题的特点，掌握——些必要的解题技巧，就可以做到事半功倍。

第一节大学英语三级考试语法部分简介

一、大纲要求

大学英语三级考试大纲对语法的要求是：进一步加深和扩大中学学过的语法知识，侧重其在阅读和翻译中的应用。

二、考查范围

三级语法考题的涉及面广。考试范围为《浙江省高等学校英语三级考试大纲》所附结构表的内容。

在语法结构表中，详细列出了高等专科英语课程教学阶段需要进一步巩固加深的语法项目，主要涉及如下语法点：限定词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、动词、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、一致关系、句子种类(简单句、并列句和复合句)、强调句型、省略、倒装、构词法和标点等十七个方面。本书逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点(题型)及解题技巧。

在大学英语三级考试中，虽然题目千变万化，但是万变不离其宗，只要仔细分析，就会发现这些题目其实基本上都是时态、形容词与副词、名问、一致关系和虚拟语气、非谓语动词、倒装句、复合句(连接手段)的各种变化形式。本书在逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点(题型)及解题技巧的同时，还侧重对上述几类语法变化形式在历届真题中的考点作详细分析。

三、2002年1月一2004年6月题目类型统计与分析

第二节复习与应试指津

一、出题意图，题型分析，解题技巧

同样的题目让同一考生用不同的方法去做，效率和准确率是会有很大差别的。好的方法可以做到事半功倍，而不好的方法可造成事倍功半。常言道：“工欲善其事，必先利其器。”因此，要想做好题，首先要掌握正确的做题方法。下面我们以选择题为例讲解做题方法。知己知彼，方能百战不殆，所以首先应该弄清三级考试出题的考查目的，然后对症下药，掌握一定的答题技巧，达到事半功倍的效果。下面简单介绍一下如何应答三级考试中的语法结构题。

1．语法概念清楚：

英语语法具有较严密的体系。语法项目虽有一定的交叉重叠，

但就总体来说仍可认为泾渭分明、条理清晰。例如：

The fellow I spoke to gave no answer, ___________ puzzled me. (2004／6)

A)that B)which C)what D)who

我们首先应能确定该题测试点属于“从句”这一主范畴，进一层说，属于“定语从句”这一次级范畴，再进一层说，属于“非限制性定语从句”这一语法项目。非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that 引导。根据句意：和我说话的那个人没有作出回答，这让我纳闷。可以得出，所要选择的关系代词修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念。据此，我们可以把正确答案确定为B。

2．语法第一、语义第二

在解语法题时，许多考生一般都是先读一遍题句，然后再用下面的四个选择项分别试填。语法规则的使用固然与语境有密切的关系，语境是最终决定语法形式的因素，吃透该题的意思，然后再看选择项，结合试题的意思和有关语法规则从中选出最佳答案是可取的。但是如果题句较长，结构比较复杂，或题句中有生词时，就无法借助理解题句的正确意思来选择答案，这时考生往往会感到束手无策，这种解题方法很费时间。例如：

What the teacher said threw new light on the novel and the students found themselves ________ with a fresh eye．(1997／6)

A)to read them B)read it C)reading it D)reading

分析选项可以得知，本题测试的是非谓语动词的变化形式。“to find oneself+分词”短语中oneself 后的宾语补足语不能用动词不定式，所以选项B是错误的。该短语中的宾语补足语用过去分词还是现在分问取决于宾语和宾语补足语的逻辑关系。故答案为C。此句意为：老师所说的话对这部小说做了新的解释，因此学生们发现他们自己正以新的眼光来解读这部小说。Throw light on．．．：阐明……。

3．排除法

解题方法很多，因人而异，排除法是最常用的方法之一。但是排除法并不是指把四个选择项分别放人题句，然后根据题意或语感选择自己认为正确的答案。排除法是指根据选择项特点，利用所掌握的语法知识，通过查出选择项中本身存在的错误而排除该项，或直接找到答案或使解题简化。例如：It is impossible for me to finish so many exercises in____________. (2004／6)

A)such a short title B)so a short time

C)such short a time D)as a short time

显然本题测试的是s。和such的用法。such+a+adj．(形容词)相当于s。+adj．(形容词)+a+n．(名词)，由此可以排除H、C、D三项，正确答案为A。本题通过排除法就能直接找到正确答案，而无须再细读题目。此句可意为：在这么短的时间里要我完成这么多练习是不可能的。

4．信息查找

在选择项本身无法排除或只能排除其中一项或两项时，需要通过题句来确定正确答案，但是没有

必要通读全句，也没有必要弄清题句的确切意思，关键是要寻找有助于解题的信息。通常题句中都包含一个或更多的信息词，在寻找信息词时，要注意方法，根据选择项确定语法测试要点之后，迅速扫视题句开头、结尾或空格前后，就能迅速而正确地找到相关信息。例如：

Be quick，or the tram ________ by the time we get to the station．(1994／6)

A)has left B)will have left C)will be leaving D)will leave

选择项表明本题测试的是时态，解题的关键是时间状语，因为时态和时间状语之间存在着一定的对应关系，时间状语往往出现在句子开头或末尾，扫视句子，就能发现by the time这一信息。by a (the) time经常和完成时连用，故正确答案为B。此句可译为：赶快，不然到我们到达车站时火车已经开走了。又如：By the end of July I'll have read all of those books．

5．充分利用标点符号

标点符号能提供十分重要的信息，必须予以重视，特别要注意充分利用逗号和分号。逗号表明句子各部分之间的停顿，不表示并列关系，逗号不能连接两个句子。而分号则意味着其前后是两个并列分句。此外，逗号还可以把下列成分隔开，如：同位语、独立成分以及分词短语或复合结构构成的状语，放在句首或插在句子中间的状语从句，放在句首或插在句子中间的其他状语，非限制性定语从句等。充分利用标点符号提供的信息，有助于迅速而准确地解题。例如：

A series of attempts ___________, he came to a successful solution to the problem．(1999／1)

A)having made B)having been made C)were made D)have been made

答案为B。此句意为：经过一系列努力之后，他终于成功地解决这个问题。这是独立主格结构作状语，用逗号和主句隔开。如果改成分号，则C也正确。英浯中并列句应当用分号隔开，不能用逗号。例如，上面的例句可以改成：As one of attempts had been made；he came to a successful solution to the problem．

二、触类旁通，单一反三

有的考尘习题做了一大堆，但准确率未有明显提高，这是为什么呢?这是因为这些考生做题时只是就题论题，做错了题只是对一下答案就算完事了，下一次该怎么错还怎么错，根本没有任何提高。因此，做题不在于多而在于精，每次做错题都分析和总结考查目的即考点，以后碰到类似题目不再犯同样的错误，这样才会有长足的进步。

无论句子形式或内容如何变化，考点足不变的，万变不离其宗，掌握一个考点等于掌握数十道题。因此，大家在做题过程中要有意识地去思考这道题考查的是哪个考点，自已是否能够对付其他类似的题目，这一考点是否是自己的弱点，而千万不要为了做题而做题，应争取做每一道题都有所思考和收获。下面两道例题，表面上：不同，难度不同，实际上考点完全一样。表示愿望、建议、命令、意志、惊讶等语气相应的动词后的从句用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，should可以省略。

1. It was ordered that nobody _________ to enter the building.

A) will be allowed B) should allow

C) be allowed D) is allowed

2. We strongly urge that you _________ in this matter.

A) not interfere B) would not interfere

C) did not interfere D) could not interfere

自测题

I．选择题

1．After __c_______ in the factory，she became a skilled worker．

A) three years’ experiences

B) three-years experience

C) three years' experience

D) three-year experiences

2. Students usually give teachers some presents and cards on __B____.

A) Teacher's Day

B) Teachers' Day

C) the Teacher's Day

D) the Teachers' Day

3. -- Can I help you?

-- I want _D__.

A) ten dollar worth's apples

B) apples ten dollars' worth

C) ten-dollar worth of apples

D) ten dollars' worth of apples

4. Mr. Brown showed me _A___ last night.

A) a picture of Bill Clinton's

B) picture of Bill Clinton's

C) the picture of Bill Clinton's

D) a picture of the Bill Clinton's

5. There are more __B___ than _________.

A) man drivers; woman drivers

B) men drivers; women drivers

C) men driver; women driver

D) man driver; woman driver

Keys

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.A

5.B

自测题

选择题

1. I usually go to work __A___.

A) by bus B) by the bus

C) by a bus D) by buses

2. ___C__ cannot always have happiness.

A) Rich B) A rich

C) The rich D) Riches

3. I don't like to play___B__ in _________.

A) the football; summer B) football; summer

C) the football; the summer D) football; the summer

4. I will come back ___D__

A) in moment B) in the moment

C) in moments D) in a moment

5. My grandpa used to be _A__ in _________.

A) a teacher; the 1990s B) the teacher; 1990s

C) a teacher; 1990s D) the teacher; the 1990s

6. __D first heart transplant was performed by Dr. Christian _________ Barnard in 1976 in _________ South Africa.

A) /; / B) The; the

C) A; / D) The; /

7. They might some day turn these millions of tons of refuse into ___A__ excellent source of raw materials for new uses.

A) an B) the

C) / D) a

Keys

1. A

2. C

3. B

4. D

5. A

6. D

7. A

自测题

选择题

1. The man in black is _________ our manager.

A) no other than B) no other but

C) none other than D) no one than

2. I have two apples. You can eat of them.

A) some B) each

C) all D) either

3. People should learn how to cooperate with _________.

A) another B) others

C) the other D) the others

4. I am not good at playing football.

_________.

A) I am, too B) I am not, too

C) Neither am I D) So am I

5. _________ can afford to buy a new house. Most of them cannot.

A) A few people B) Only a few people

C) Not much of the people D) Not many of the people

6. _________ person likes to travel by train.

A) Many B) A good many

C) A many good D) Many a

7. He gave _________ to the poor little boy.

A) all his toys B) his all toys

C) all toys his Ii)) his toys all

8. All _________ is a piece of bread.

A) what he needs B) that he needs

C) the thing he needs D) for he needs

9. -- Which game do you want to play now?

-- _________ will do.

A) Both one B) Each one

C) Every one D) Any one

10. Of the two students, (0ne is diligent but _________.

A) another is not B) other is not

C) the others are not D) the other is not

11. I think we should let Mary go to the evening party tonight, _________ she is a big girl now.

A) all in all B) above all

C) all the more D) the most of all

12. We have tried every means, but _________ could make her happy.

A) not every one I3) none of them

(3) no one of them D) not all of them

13. I don't have _________ bread, but I have _________ cake.

A) many; many B) many; much

C) much; many 1)) much; much

14. Keep my phone number and remember to call me when _________ urgent happens.

A) everything B) something

C) nothing D) anything

15. _________ of the news he has told us is nonsense.

A) Many B) One

C) No D) Much

Keys

1. C

2. D

3. B

4. C

5. B

6. D

7. A

8. B

9. I) 10. D 11. B 12. B 13. I) 14. D 15. D

代词与数词

全真试题

1. -- What did John think of your decision? (2002/6)

-- He _________ to believe that I really did want to get there alone.

A) found it impossible B) found which impossible

C) found impossible D) found that impossible

2. The culture and customs of America are more like _________ of Great Britain and some other European nations. (2003/12)

A) that B) which

C) what D) those

3. Young babies can use _________ hand equally well. (1998/6)

A) every B) each

C) both D) either

4. This new suggestion is a distinct improvement on _________ I originally made. ( 1999/1 )

A) one B) the one

C) that D) such

5. I don't think we have met before; you are confusing me with _________. (1999/6)

A) some other B) other person

C) someone else D) one another

6. The gold medal will be presented to _________ comes out first in the race. (1999/6)

A) whomever B) who

C) whoever D) whom

7. Because he did not like the first kind of flower, he asked the sales-girl to show him _________. (2002/1)

A) another kinds B) the others ones

C) other kind D) another kind

8. In general, the health of older people today is superior to _________ of previous generation. (2002/6 )

A) one B) that

C) some D) those

9. It is one thing to speak some English, but it is quite _________ to speak good, natural English. (2002/6)

A) other B) another

C) the other D) others

自测题

选择题

1. He always thinks too much of _________.

A) him B) his C) he D) himself

2. This isn't _________ dictionary. _________ is at home.

A) my; Mine B) mine; My

C) my; My D) mine; Mine

3. _________ T-shirt do you like, the red one or the black one?

A) Whose B) Which C) What D) How

4. _________ breaks the law will be punished.

A) Who B) The person C) Anyone D) Whoever

5. _________ of you can go out today.

A) None B) No C) Nobody D) No one

6. I lost my umbrella, so I have to buy _________.

A) the other one B) the other

C) others D) another one

7. The baby is still asleep. Don't disturb _________.

A) him B) he C) her D) it

8. I can't find my watch now, but I think it must be _________ in the bedroom.

A) anywhere B) everywhere C) somewhere D) nowhere

9. They talked to _________ happily in the party.

A) each B) each other C) every other D) others

10. Mike wanted to have a bicycle _________.

A) of his own B) of him own

C) of his D) of he

11. Would you mind _________ smoking here?

A) he B) his C) he's D) he is

12. -- What's their opinion about the plan?

-- _________ don't agree.

A) Most people B) The most of people

C) Most of the people D) The most people

13. The teacher praised all _________ who helped the old lady.

A) those B) these C) they D) them

14. Don't worry. _________ will come to help you at once.

A) Tom and me B) Torn and I

C) I and Tom D) Tom with me

15. -- Do you have any foreign stamps?

-- Yes, I have some _________.

A) beautiful American one B) American beautiful ones

C) beautiful American ones D) American beautiful one

Keys

1.D

2. A

3. B

4. D

5. A

6. D

7. D

8. C

9. B 10. A

11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C

自测题

I．选择题

1. My new watch cost me _________ the last one that I bought.

A) three times more than that B) three times as much as

C) as much three times as D) as three times as much

2. More than _________ is composed of agricultural and mining wastes.

A) ninety percent B) ninety percents

C) ninetieth percent D) ninetieth percents

3. They might some day turn these _________ of refuse (废料) into an excellent source of raw materials for new uses.

A) millions of ton B) million of tons

C) millions of tons D) million of ton

4. My grandpa died _________.

A) in the eightieth B) in his eighties

C) in the eighty D) in eighty years

5. She has _________ I have.

A) half as many stamps as B) half as much stamp as

C) half many stamps as D) half much stamp as

6. _________ chapters are the most interesting parts of the novel.

A) A first three B) The first three

C) The first threes D) A first threes

7. We've tried it three times. Must we try it _________ time?

A) the fourth B) four

C) a fourth D) the four

8. He showed me fifteen _________.

A) five-dollars bills B) five-dollar bill

C) the-fifth-dollar bills D) five-dollar bills

9. We counted them in _________.

A) fourth B) fours

C) four D) the fourth

10. I usually wash my hair _________.

A) every four days B) every four day

C) every fourth days D) a four day

11. I have met her _________.

A) third time B) third times

C) three time D) three times

12. _________ of the students in our class are boys.

A) Two-third t3) Two three

C) Two thirds D) Two-threes

13. Both of my parents were born _________.

A) in the 1940s B) in 1940s

C) at the 1940s D) at 1940th

14. Paper money was in _________ use when Marco Polo visited the country in _________ thirteen century.

A) the; / B) the; the

C) /; the D) /; /

Keys

1. B

2. A

3. C

4. B

5. A

6. B

7. C

8. D

9. B 10. A

11. D 12. C 13. A 14. C

大学英语三级考试语法复习要点总结

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