高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破二：阅读理解专题之文章出处及文体类型题

专题2 阅读理解专题之----文章出处及文体类型题

【设问形式】

判断文章出处及文体类型题常见设问形式：

1）The passage is most likely to be taken from______.

2）Where would this passage most probably appear?

3）The passage is most likely a part of______.

4）Where does this text probably come from?

5）What type of writing is this text?

【考查方式】

高考阅读理解文章出处的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章的内容的理解及对各种文章出处的特点和常识，对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。几乎所有话题都有可能涉及文章出处、文章类别的的阅读题目。

解答文章出处和文体类型题主要从文章的体裁和题材内容来作出判断。考生需要在理解文章的基础上去了解各种出处的特点，以便结合文章的内容、关键词作出准确的判断。首先注意常见的出处类型的特点：如①新闻报道(newspaper)的首段通常为导语，包括人物、时间、地点或事件等；②科普类杂志(science magazine)或科普类说明文常会出现scientists have found; the research/study shows that...等表明实验结果的句子；杂志的文章更为丰富，话题更具体，语言比较轻松活泼；③广告(advertisement)的用词和格式特殊，很好辨认，广告可能会谈到某产品的特色、价格等，会透露出鼓励读者去了解和购买的信息。④产品说明，器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会有服用时间、次数、用量等。⑤研究报告(report),语言严肃认真，文章往往保护具体的数据或事实依据，实际情况等。⑥课本教材(textbook),会使用教化性的语言，说理讲解味较为浓厚，对阅读对象的指向性很明确。⑦传记(biography):历史性强，时间线索比较明显，往往包含重要事件。⑧科幻小说(science fiction):内容多为对某些尚未出现或发现的科学发明等进行想象和预测。⑨旅行指南(travel guide/guide book): 给旅游者提供一些旅游信息，介绍当地的一些好去处，如：餐馆、公园、旅游景点等⑩网站(website)内容广泛，文章常出现click等网络用语。

实战演练

【例题】1. 2013 全国1 B篇

They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉)。Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns；she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment,but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb,a key,an orange and so on),changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make,as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

63.Where does this text probably come from?

A.Science fiction.

B.Children’s literature.

C.An advertisement.

D.A science report.

解析：文章主要讲通过研究人员的实验，来证明婴儿具备感知数量的能力。根据题材内容判读符合研究报告的特点，所以选D

【举一反三】

A

There was a lot of news related to artificial intelligence, or AI, and machine learning. Among the stories were two dealing with direct competitions between humans and machines.

In one competition, machines that used AI performed better than human beings in a high-level reading test. Two natural language processing tools beat human in the experiment. One of the tools was built by the American technology company Microsoft. The other was created by Chinese online seller Alibaba Group.

In another competition, a computer took on humans in live, public debates. The event demonstrated how

AI-powered computers are increasingly being developed to think and sound like humans. The organizer of the debates, U. S. technology company IBM, announced split results. It said a majority of those watching said they felt the machine had done more to improve their knowledge of the subject. But, the human got more praise for communicating their ideas.

This year, we also explored the many ways AI and machine learning are now being used. For example, some U. S. judges use machine learning systems to help them decide when, and for how long, criminals should be jailed. The system uses computers to examine data from thousands of court cases.

One fast-growing area of AI is facial recognition, which is increasingly being used for security purposes. Recently, Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson airport became the first in the U. s. to permit passengers to use facial recognition technology to get on flights. A Chinese company showed off an AI system it developed to recognize individuals by body shape and walking movements. The system is already being used by Chinese police in Beijing and Shanghai.

In addition, machine learning was used during 2018 to predict results of the World Cup soccer competition. The technology also created artwork that sold for a large amount of money. And it is being used to help farmer save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals. Other technology systems are being used to follow farm animals and wildlife to collect information on their activities.

1. Why were the two competitions mentioned in the passage?

A. To show how much better AI and machine learning are than humans.

B. To prove AI and machine Learning got more praise for communication.

C. To show how powerful AI and machine Learning are.

D. To prove AI and machine learning have been used in the work of U. S. judges.

2. What are facial and body recognition systems used for in the passage?

A. Knowledge learning.

B. Safety control.

C. Office automation.

D. Tracking survey.

3. What can we infer from this passage?

A. AI has been widely used in every person's daily life.

B. Human can be replaced by AI in future completely.

C. More attention is being paid to AI in every part of the world.

D. More advanced Al is helping people in more and more areas.

4. Where is the text probably from?

A. A technology report.

B. A natural science magazine.

C. science fiction.

D. A government document.

A：【解析】这是一篇说明文。人工智能和机器学习快速发展，机器在一些比赛中超过了人类。除此以外，机器和人工智能被应用于很多领域。

1.推理判断题。根据第二第三段可知在第一场比赛中，使用人工智能的机器表现得比人类更好；在第二个比赛中，机器人在公开辩论中挑战人类，结果大多数观看者认为机器在提高他们对这门学科的知识方面做得更好。这两个比赛都体现了人工智能和机器学习的强大，选C。

2.细节理解题。根据“One fast-growing area of AI is facial recognition, which is increasingly being used for security purposes.”可知人工智能的一个快速发展的领域是面部识别，它越来越多地被用于安全目的。故选B。

3.推理判断题。根据“some U. S. judges use machine learning systems to help them decide when,”可知一些美国法官使用机器学习系统来帮助他们决定罪犯应该被监禁的时间和期限，再根据最后两段可知机器学习和人工智能还被应用于安全监控和预测世界杯足球赛的结果，保护环境等。根据这些可以推断机器在越来越多的领域帮助着人类，故选D。

4.推理判断题。本文文章主要是关于人工智能和机器学习的，最有可能是来自于科技报告（A technology report.），故选A。

B

Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powe rhouses of nutritional protection.

Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.

When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat ”ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.

If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.

5. What does the author seem to like about cherries?

A. They contain protein.

B. They are high in vitamin A.

C. They have a pleasant taste.

D. They are rich in antioxidants.

6. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?

A. To make them smell better.

B. To keep their colour.

C. To speed up their ripening.

D. To improve their nutrition.

7. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?

A. A dessert.

B. A drink.

C. A container.

D. A machine.

8.From which is the text probably taken?

A. A biology textbook.

B. A health magazine.

C. A research paper.

D. A travel brochure.

B：【解析】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。

5.细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。

6.细节理解题。根据第三段中的If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色的。故选B。

7.词义猜测题。根据最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and

watching the ice cream come out below可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出a juicer就是一台机器。故选D。

8.文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用a juicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书；B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇研究论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册。故选B。

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