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2013年12月大学英语四级阅读理解改革新题型匹配题(附答案与解析)最新版

大学英语四级阅读理解改革新题型（附答案和解析）

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section B(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement

contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.

You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by

marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Caring for elderly parents catches many unprepared

[A ] Last July, Julie Baldocchi，s mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn"t prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldn’t handle her mother’s care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn’t willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents’ home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldn’t do it all,” she says. “But I didn’t even know how to find help.”

[B] With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you’re never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mother’s stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.

[C] While many parents lack an advance care directive, it’s the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable

power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another’s behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “It’s invaluable for the kids, because it’s hard to make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder- law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed th e parent’s legal guardian, says https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3515005041.html,.

[D] It’s important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents，preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it’s not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspici ous of their children’s financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth.

[E] Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn’t pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home.

[ F] Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, it’s not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isn’t covered by Medicaid.

[G ] If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to

AARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.

[H] Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent’s finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors" appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of c are. Jan Walker moved into her mother’s home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn’t able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. “I always knew tha t this was the role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,” says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. “When you get into the trenches, it’s literally baptism by fire,” she says. “New things come up. It’s not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It’s everything,” she says.

[I ] Caregivers need to also watch their own health. “There is such a thing as caregiver burnout, ” Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife. “It’s a hard job,” Walker says. “But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helpin g hand. It’s only natural that I be here for her now.”

46. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.

47. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their children’s financial motives.

48. Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.

49. The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment.

50. Baldocchi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.

51. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009.

52. If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many people they can call on.

53. Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may burn out or become depressed.

54. One will have to petition the court to be the p arent’s legal guardian, if there is no advance directive.

55. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid.

Section B

46. [G]。题干意为，当上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全时，他们的孩子可以改变他们的家，而不是将他们送到成人看护中心去。注意抓住题干中的关键词live at home safely和adult care facility。文章段落中，[G]段提到了上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全和成人看护中心的内容，该段第二至四句提到，如果上了年纪的父母住在家里不再安全，对于孩子来说将他们送到成人看护中心也很难，不过有另外一种选择——可以改变他们的家以适合他们在那里度过晚年。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。

47. [D]。题干意为，谈论长期护理问题并不容易，因为有时老年人会怀疑自己孩子有金钱方面的动机。注意抓住题干中的关键词talk about long-term care、suspicious of和financial motives。文章段落中，[D]段提到了谈论长期护理和老年人会怀疑自己孩子的内容，该段前三句指出，家庭成员谈论长期护理问题是很重要的，这样才能了解父母的喜好和意愿等，但是这并不容易，有时候父母会怀疑子女有金钱方面的动机。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。

48. [H]。题干意为，除了提前进行资金和医疗方面的规划，家庭护理人员还有其他许多责任。注意抓住题干中的关键词planning for finances or medical care和many other responsibilities。文章段落中，[H ]段首先就提到了家庭护理人员要承担许多责任，该段最后指出，家庭护理不仅仅要提前做好资金和医疗规划，一切问题都要考虑到。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。

49. [C]。题干意为，永久授权书和医疗保健代理委托书的区别在于，后者允许某人做出有关医疗方面的决定。注意抓住题干中的关键词a durable power of attorney和a health care proxy。文章段落中，只有[C]段提到了这两个专有名词，该段第二句指出，护理指示应该包含a durable power of attorney、a health care proxy和a living will。在介绍health care proxy时提到，它与durable power of attorney相似，只是它允许某人做出有关医

疗方面的决定。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。

50. [A]。题干意为，Baldocchi不想将母亲送到疗养院，但是她又很难照顾她。注意抓住题干中的关键词 Baldocchi和nursing home。文章段落中，有几段都提到了 Baldocchi,但是提到她不想将母亲送往疗养院但自己照顾母亲又有困难的只有[A]段。题干内容是对原文第一段的总结，故答案为[A]。

51. [B]。题干意为，2009年，美国有超过4200万护理人员帮忙照料成年人的日常生活。题干中的关键词为Over 42 million caregivers和help an adult with everyday activities。文章段落中，[B]段倒数第三句提到了 More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities,其中 More than 42 million 和daily activities分别与题干中的Over 42 million和everyday activities为同义互换。故答案为[B]。

52. [D]。题干意为，如果一个家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或帮助，他们可以向很多人求助。注意抓住题干中的关键词sort out disagreements和call on。文章段落中，[D]段倒数第二句提到，如果一些家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或者帮助，他们可以向老年法律师、金融规划师、老年人护理经理和护理人员组织求助。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。

53. [I]。题干意为，家庭护理人员应该注意自己的身体健康，否则他们可能会累垮或者变得心情抑郁。注意抓住题干中的关键词their own health、burn out和depressed。文章段落中，提到要护理人员注意自己身体的是[I] 段，该段前三句指出，家庭护理人员也要注意自己的身体，有的时候护理者可能会累垮。对年龄在50岁及以上的女性护理人员的调查显示，有20%的人称自己有抑郁症状。由此可知，题干是对原文这三句话的同义转述，故答案为[I ]。题干中的 pay attention to their own health和原文中的 watch their own health对应。

54. [C]。题干意为，如果没有提前准备一份护理说明，那么想成为父母的合法监护人需要向法庭申请。注意抓住题干中的关键词petition the court、parent’s legal guardian和no advance directive。本题比较简单，这几个关键词均在文章[C ]段中直接出现，该段最后一句提到，Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent’s legal guardian。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[ C]。

55. [F]。题干意为，2011年，全国生活协助的平均花费为39，135美元，而且这项花费也不在医疗补助计划的范围之内。注意抓住题干中的关键词2011、$39，135和Medicaid。本题也比较容易，扫读全文，可以发现在[F] 段出现了2011和$39，135这两个关键词，并且后面也提到生活协助并不包含在医疗补助计划之内。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[F]。

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Beauty and Body Image in the Media

[A] Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger,

taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women’s magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they’ll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.

[B] Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic a nd diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it’s no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure they’re all aging, says the Que bec Action Network for Women’s Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.

[C] The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.

[D ] The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control—including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative (泻药)abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women’s Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction,” indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight.”

[ E] Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea (慢性腹泻)and eventually die from

malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder.

[F ] Researchers report that women’s magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than men’s magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of women’s magazines include at least one message about how to change a woman’s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman’s worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies (“How about wearing a sack?，，)，and 80 percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter.

[G] There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (才氐制，反抗)the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the world’s biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a unique process in wh ich a laser beam is used to measure real life women’s bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement.

[ H] Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media.

A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Women’s Maga zines” found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall white women were overrepresented in mainstream women’s magazines from 1999 to 2004.

[I] The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells “ordinary” women that they are always in need of adjustment—and that the female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real women’s bodies have become invisib le in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these

stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry’s standards. Women learn to compare themselves to

other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability “effectively destroys any awareness and action th at might help to change that climate.”

46. A report in Teen magazine showed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.

47. On the whole, for 6 years white women had been occupying much more space in mainstream women’s magazines since 1999.

48. Some negative effects such as depression and unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies.

49. The mass media has helped boost the cosmetic and the diet industries.

50. It is reported that there is at least one message about the methods for women to change their bodily appearance on more than three-quarters of the covers of women’s magazines.

51. Some film and television actresses even faint on the scene due to eating too little.

52. Too much concern with appearance makes it impossible to change such abnormal trend.

53. Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from malnutrition.

54. The Quebec magazine Coup (e Pouce resists the trend by consistently including full-sized women in their fashion pages for several years.

5 5. According to some analysts, the fundamental reason of imposing standards of beauty on women is economic profits.

Section B

46. [D]题干意为，《青少年》杂志上的一项报道称，有50%到70%体重正常的女孩认为自己需要减肥。注意抓住题干中的关键词magazine、50% to 70%和normal weight。文章段落中，《青少年》杂志以及百分比 50%到70%的内容在[D]段出现，该段倒数第二句提到，《青少年》杂志报道称，在6~12岁的女孩当中，有 35%的人至少进行过一次减肥，有50%~70%体重正常的女孩认为自己超重。由此可知，题干是对该句部分内容的同义转述，故答案为[D]。题干中的need to lose weight与原文中的is overweight对应。

47. [H]。题干意为，总体而言，1999年以来白人女性连续六年占据了主流女性杂志的多数篇幅。注意抓住题干中的关键词for 6 years、white women和occupying much more space。文章段落中，提及白人女性在主流女性杂志所占比例的内容在[H]段出现，该段最后一句提到，该研究发现，虽然1999~2004年间杂志中出现的有色人种的女性形象在数量上有所增加，但是从整体来看，白人女性还是占据了主流女性杂志的多数篇幅。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。题干中的occupying much more space对应原文中的 overrepresented。

48. [C]。题干意为，女性身上存在的一些诸如抑郁和不健康的饮食习惯的负面影响与接触年轻苗条的女性形象有关。注意抓住题干中的关键词depression and unhealthy eating habits、being exposed to和thin and young bodies。文章段落中，[C]段提到了抑郁、不健康的饮食习惯以及接触年轻苗条的女性形象的内容，该段最后一句提到，另一方面，研究表明，接触这种年轻苗条、妆容美丽的女性形象与女性的抑郁、缺乏自信和不健康的饮食习惯有关。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。题干中的are related to对应原文中的 is linked to，being exposed to对应原文中的 exposure to。

49. [B]。题干意为，大众媒体帮助促进了化妆品和减肥产品行业的发展。注意抓住题干中的关键词boosted和 the cosmetic and the diet industries。文章段落中，只有[B]段提到了化妆品和减肥产品行业的发展，该段最后一句提到，通过呈现一个难以达到和保持的理想身材，化妆品和减肥产品行业必然能够得到发展并获得利润，而其呈现方式就是通过大众媒体。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[B]。

50. [F]。题干意为，报道称超过四分之三的女性杂志封面至少包含了一条关于如何改变女性身材的方法。注意抓住题干中的关键词at least one message和more than three-quarters。文章段落中，提到女性杂志封面提供如何改变女性身材的的内容在[F]段出现，该段首句提到，研究人员公布说，女性杂志上宣传减肥的广告和文章所占的比重比男性杂志高10.5倍，超过四分之三的女性杂志封面至少包含了一条关于如何改变女性身材的信息——诸如节食、运动或是整容手术。由此可知，题干对该句后半句内容做了概括，故答案为 [F ]。题干中的 methods for women to change their bodily appearance 是对原文中how to change a woman’s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery洽勺相无才括。

51. [A]。题干意为，甚至有些影视女演员因为吃得太少而在拍摄现场昏倒。注意抓住题干中的关键词film and television actresses和faint。文章段落中，[A]段提到了女演员以及晕倒的内容，该段第三句提到，有些女演员甚至因为吃得太少而在拍摄现场昏倒。由此可见，题干对原文做了同义改写，故答案为[A]。题干中的 due to eating too little和原文中的 from lack of food对应。

52. [I]。题干意为，对外表的过度关注使得改变这种不正常的风气变得不可能。注意抓住题干中的关键词too much concern和change such abnormal trend。文章段落中，提及对外表的过度关注的内容在[I]段出现，该段最后一句提到，这种对于美丽和性感的关注“事实上摧毁了任何可能有助于改变这种风气的意识和行动”。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[I]。题干中的too much concern on appearance对应原文中的 focus on beauty and desirability。

53. [E]。题干意为，研究人员发现如果一个女人的身材比例和芭比娃娃一样，那么她最终会死于营养不良。注意抓住题干中的关键词Barbie-doll proportions和die from malnutrition。文章段落中，只有[E]段提到了芭比娃娃，该段第三句提到，如果一个女人的身材真是那样(有着芭比娃娃的身材比例)的话，她将会患上慢性腹泻并最终死于营养不良。由此可知，题干对原文做了同义改写，故答案为[E]。

54. [G]。题干意为，几年来魁北克杂志坚持在其时尚页面上刊登正常身材的女性形象，以抵制这种潮流。注意抓住题干中的关键词The Quebec magazine Coup de 和consistently including fUll-sized women。文章段落中，提及魁北克杂志Coup de )ou(e坚持刊登正常身材

的女性形象的内容在[G]段出现，该段前两句提到，杂志业有人正在努力抵制这种潮流。几年来魁北克杂志Coup de )ou(e坚持在其时尚页面上刊登正常身材的女性形象。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。题干中的resists对应原文中的buck(抵制，反抗)。

55. [B]。题干意为，根据一些分析家的观点，将美丽的标准强加到女性身上的根本原因是经济利益。注意抓住题干中的关键词fundamental reason、standards of beauty和economic profits。文章段落中，论及将美丽的标准强加到女性身上的根本原因的内容在[B]段出现，该段前两句提到，为什么会把美丽的标准强加到女性身上，而大多数女性生来就比模特要胖要成熟?一些分析家认为，根源在于经济利益。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[B]。题干中的fundamental reason和原文中的roots对应。

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online

[A ] Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses an other person’s personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain.

[B ] The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 75O,OOO Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized.

[C] Identity theft is “an absolute epidemic”, states Robert Ellis Sm ith, a respected author and advocate of privacy, “It’s certainly picked up in the last four or five years. It’s worldwide. It affects everybody, and there’s very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can’t detect it until it’s probably too late.”

[D] Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, your personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephone calling card number, and other

valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victims) names. In many cases, a victim’s losses may include not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible.

[E] According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to a successful online job search is learning to manage the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet.

[F ] Check for a privacy policy. If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site you are considering has a privacy policy, like https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3515005041.html,. The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors (推销员).When reviewing the sit e’s privacy policy, you’ll be able to delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You won’t necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, the more

exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive.

[G] Take advantages of site features. Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objectives and the level of risk you are willing to assume. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3515005041.html,, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadest employer audience possible. The second is anonymous (匿名的)posting. This allows job seekers the same visibility as those in the standard posting category without any of their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact information to display. The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post a resume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply forjobs that appear on https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3515005041.html, without retyping their information.

[H] Safeguard your identity. Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search outjobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic (泛才旨的)identifier, such as “Intranet Developer Candidate ”, or “ Experienced Marketing Representative ”. You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your

title, it may not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use a general description of the company such as “Major auto manufacturer,” or “International packaged goods supplier.” If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned by your employer.

[I] Establish an email address for your search. Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someone you don’t know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others. Using an email address specifically for your job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn’t contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as salesmgr2QQ4@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3515005041.html,.

J] Protect your references. If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take it out. There’s no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references.

[K] Keep confidential (机密的)information confidential. Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver’s license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Don’t provide this even if they say they need it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the book—don’t fall f or it.

46. Those who post their resumes online for a long time will run an increased risk of becoming victims of identity theft.

47. Robert Ellis Smith says that identity theft is spreading around the world and hard to detect beforehand.

48. Victims of identity theft may suffer additional financial losses in order to restore their reputation and correct wrong information.

49. In the US, 750,000 people are estimated to become victims of identity theft each year.

50. It is a safer way to find a job online when you use an email account specifically.

51. One is supposed to learn how to manage the risks if he or she is going to seekjobs online safely.

52. Standard posting allows fullest potential audience to browse through the resumes posted online.

53. Honest employers will not ask their initialjob applicants to reveal their social security account, driver’s license or bank account numbers.

54. Make sure that your email address will not be named in a way that could let out your personal information.

55. Job seekers are advised to describe the company they are serving right now in

a general way instead of giving an exact name.

Section B

46. [F]。题干意为，将简历长时间放在网上的人身份被盗用的风险会增加。注意抓住题干关键词post their resumes online for a long time和increased risk。文章段落中论及将简历长时间放在网上会增加风险的内容在

[F]段，该段最后一句提到，你的简历在网上求职信息网页上存留的时间越长，遭到的正面或负面性的曝光就会越多，由此可以推断，求职信息在网上存留时间越久，身份就越可能被盗用，题干正是此意，故本题答案为[F]。

47. [C]。题干意为，Robert Ellis Smkh称身份盗用行为正遍及世界各地，而且难以察觉。注意抓住题干关键词 Robert Ellis Smith、identity theft、around the world和detect。文章段落中论及身份盗用泛滥和难以事先察觉的内容出现在[C]段，该段首句提到了 Robert Ellis Smkh认为身份盗用“绝对是一种流行病”，下文中Robert Ellis Smkh又明确指出身份盗用已经成为世界性的行为，它难以察觉，往往是在你发现时已经晚了。这与题干表述的含义是一致的，故本题应选[C]。

48. [D]。题干意为，身份盗用的受害者可能会为了挽回名誉并纠正错误信息而遭受额外的经济损失。注意抓住题干关键信息 Victims of identity theft、additional financial losses、restore their reputation 和correct wrong information。文章段落中论及身份盗用受害者遭受额外经济损失的内容出现在[D]段，该段末句提到，(身份盗用)受害者的损失不仅仅包括现款损失，而且还包括为了恢复名誉和纠正错误信息所支付的额外经济损失，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。

49. [B]。题干意为，在美国每年估计有75万人成为身份盗用的受害者。注意抓住题干关键词the US、750,000 people和estimated。文章段落论及美国身份盗用受害者人数统计的内容出现在[B]段，该段第二句提到，一份最近的官方报告估计，每年有多达75万美国人成为身份盗用受害者。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[B]。

50. [I]。题干意为，使用专门的电子邮箱账号在网上找工作是个比较安全的办法。注意抓住题干关键信息find a job online、email account和specifically。文章段落论及使用专门的电子邮箱账号在网上找工作的内容出现在[I]段，该段第二句提到，在网上找工作时保护隐私

的另外一个办法是为在网上找工作专门开通一个电子邮箱账号。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[I]。

51. [E]。题干意为，如果人们想在网上安全地找工作就应该学会如何控制风险。注意抓住题干关键信息 manage the risks。文章段落中论及在网上找工作要学会控制风险的内容出现在[E]段，该段第二、三句以问答的形式指出，成功的网上求职(既要发布求职信息又要保护自己)的关键在于学会控制风险。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[E]。

52. [G]。题干意为，“标准(简历)投放方式”可以使投放在网上的简历被最多的潜在读者浏览到。注意抓住题干关键信息Standard posting、fullest potential audience和browse through。文中段落论及Standard posting的内容出现在[G]段，该段第五、六句提到，第一种方式是“标准(简历)投放方式”，这种方式可以使投放简历的求职者让最广泛的潜在读者最有可能看到自己的简历。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为

[G] 。题干中的fullest potential audience与原文中的the broadest employer audience possible对应。

53. [K]。题干意为，诚实的雇主不会要求最初的求职者透漏自己的社保账号、驾驶执照或银行账号等信息。注意抓住题干关键信息honest employers、job applicants和reveal their social security account、driver’s license or bank account numbers。文章段落中论及雇主对求职者的要求的内容出现在[K]段，该段第二、三句提到，求职者不应分享社保、驾照、银行账号或种族、眼睛颜色等其他个人信息，诚实的雇主不需要最初的求职者透露这些信息。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[K]。

54. [I]。题干意为，要确保你的电子邮箱地址的命名方式不会泄露你的个人信息。注意抓住题干关键信息 make sure、email address、be named 和 let out your personal information。文中段落论及电子邮箱命名的内容出现在[I]段，该段第五句提到，在给新电子邮箱命名时，要确保邮箱名中不含有你的名字或其他会泄露你的身份的信息。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[I]。题干中的make sure与原文中的be sure对应,let out your personal information 与 give away your identity对应。

55. [H]。题干意为，建议求职者描述自己目前所供职的公司时应该以宽泛的方式而不是直接给出具体名称。注意抓住题干关键信息describe the company they are serving right now、in a general way和giving an exact name。文中段落论及求职者描述所供职公司的方式的内容出现在[H]段，该段倒数第二句提到，要使用诸如“重要汽车生产商”、“国际包装货物供应商”等宽泛的称谓描述你的公司，由该段上文内容可知，这里所说的公司就是指求职者目前仍供职的公司。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[ H]。

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大学英语四级匹配题详解

大学英语四级匹配题详解 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】

长篇阅读——匹配题 Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Passage 1 Paper — More than Meets the Eye A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades. B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card. C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose（纤维素化合物）-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses of which is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or , with the bulk being wood-based. Paper from Wood D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful and then boiled with strong alkalies(碱) such as caustic soda, until a fine of fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals. E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called . This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paperback books will have a life of no greater than fifty years, not what we need for our archives. F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper". The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications. It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive. G) However, it is nevertheless what the must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to their . Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and in some cases simply vanish! H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously. I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will

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