大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

英语四、六级段落信息匹配题

一、英语四级段落信息匹配题是什么？

长篇阅读理解篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。四级考试需要各位同学做的是，大家需要去看十个左右的段落，然后去匹配十个信息点。但是到六级当中，我们的难度就要增加了，我们见到的情况是六级当中变成了15个段落，去匹配十个信息点。但总体来看，不管题型怎么变，其实学习方法没变，还是仍旧需要大家提高阅读的能力，比如说读文章的时候，是不是直接拿英语读，如果读快速阅读的时候，还是拿中文边翻译边读的话，会发现阅读速度一直会比较慢，所以那么长的文章很难找到细节，所以大家一定要养成拿英语直接阅读的这样一种习惯，这样才能保证我们的阅读速度又快又准。

二、信息匹配题难点分析

1. 考生难以按照阅读题一贯遵循的“顺序原则”解题。由于这一题型要求考生把细节信息与其所在的段落进行匹配，因此细节信息的排列绝对是“乱序的”，这就意味着考生从文章开头到结尾按顺序定位的方法是行不通的。

2. 题干信息复杂，考生难以迅速抓住要领。题干中的细节信息通常是极复杂和繁琐的名词短语或长难句，考生往往在寻找到合适的定位词之前，就已经被题干信息的复杂表述弄得晕头转向了。

3. 考生难以寻找到合适的定位词。即使考生能够读懂题干中晦涩难懂的细节信息，但也会在寻找定位词时遇到很大障碍。因为题干提供的细节信息中往往不会出现非常明显的定位词(如数字、时间、地点、人物、特殊字体和特殊符号等)。即使考生能够找到一个定位词，这一定位词也

通常和文章主题密切相关，会在文章中多次出现，因而也没有太大的意义。

三、匹配题出题特点及应试技巧

匹配类题型有很多种，常见的种类有：1）人名-观点匹配；2）.地名-描述匹配；3）句子-句子匹配；4）分类题(Classification)；5）段落-标题匹配；6段落-细节匹配。其中前四种做题方法比较类似，而后两种相对较复杂。这里将阐述前四种题型的做题方法。

1. 扭转做题思维

先要扭转做题思维，不是找到句子答案所在，而是判断这句话在哪一段会出现。所以我们首要明确，考官出这个题是要考察我们什么阅读能力，我认为不是细节阅读能力，而是对文章框架思路的把握能力。

2．预览题干，明确关键词

该题型的解题基本思路是：先快速地将题干读一下，划出关键词;然后采用skimming和scanning的方式通读原文，匹配信息。

3．快速掌握文章脉络

通过阅读中心句快速掌握文章脉络。中心句一般出现在首位句，转折词如but 或者因果关系联接词如 as a result 引领的第二句，或者问句后面的答句。一般建议在找到中心句后，读一下末句，可以更精确地掌控段意。若无特别明显的中心句，首尾句的阅读也有助于理解段意。阅读过程当中，有的信息点明确可直接先去选出答案。这里我们也要明确要多看英文，掌握英文的行文思路。一般而言剑桥里的文章组织有三大类。一是按时间，如货物运输，这是最简单的。二是按观点—原因—发展—瓶颈—

措施—目标的布局来分析一件事物。

三是偏科普的夹杂很多不同派别的理论，这个相对而言比较难。

4.注意字句的形式变化。

在长篇阅读中寻找相关信息的难度很大程度上取决于考生对字句形式变化的辨识能力。需要注意三种变化形式：1）题干只对原文中个别单词或词组进行同义改写或转述；2）题干对原文中整句话进行同义改写或转述；3）题干对原文中几句话或整段内容进行综合概括或推断。这就对考生的单词量、对某一单词多重释义的了解以及对句意的概括或推断能力提出了新要求。

5.注意标记。

在首次阅读的过程中如果不能确定某些单句是否与该段落相匹配，最好做个记号，以便第二次阅读时更有针对性。第二次阅读的目的：一是检查已初步确定的段落与单句是否确实匹配；二是完成第一遍阅读中尚未解答的题目。

6.注意时间的合理使用，不要为确定某个细节问题而浪费大量的时间。

【关键词的类型】

1. 人名、地名和专有名词

2. 一些拼写较长的词，比如：internship，competitiveness，globalization，integration，sustainability，innovative，immigration等。这些词属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅地出现。利用这些词可以高效地查找匹配段落。另外，这些词有时会作为生词在文中标注出来，像internship，在原文中用斜体印刷，并以括号备注中文。我们选它做关键词，瞬间就能找到原文出处了。

2. 数字，包括年代、百分比、特殊事件等。如四级样卷中的：

mid-1970s, 3.9 percent，20 percent，September 11等。教研君利用这些数字进行定位，测得的准确率是100%哦!

3. 以连字符连接的特殊词汇。如：university-based，one-child。这些词是由两个(或三个)单词连接

的新词，一般当成形容词使用。三个单词的例子如：hard-to-grasp难以理解的。这些词也属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅出现。需要注意的是有时候我们需要将这些词拆开来定位，如one-child在原文中是没有的，原文是这样的“They often compromise

by having just one child. ”这里的one child就不是整体作为形容词使用了。

4. 研究、报告、书籍型词汇，如：report，study，books等。一般来说研究、报告等内容都是易考点，这些信息经常出现在特定的段落里，所以根据这些词汇作为关键词也很容易定位。

5. 最高级，如best，worst，most 等。如六级第54题，关键词之一为the best solution。然而仅凭此关键词我们可能无法迅速地找到答案，因为原文的表述是the most

effective method，用的词汇是完全不一样的。这时，我们还需要增加一个关键词pension，帮助我们定位。这就提醒我们在平常的阅读中应多关注最高级出现的地方，因为它常常是考点。

6. 具有特殊意义的指示性词汇。这类词汇虽然不是通常意义上的定位关键词，但其特殊含义可将考生的注意力指向原文的开头、结尾或是某个具有特殊特征的段落。

这些词通常包括如下三类：①能够指示开头段的词汇(如overview、introduction、initiation、main

idea、definition等)；②能够指示结尾段的词(如overview、future、solution、conclusion、suggestion、summary等)；③能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊词汇(如rate、ratio、proportion、percentage等词往往对应含“%”的段落；number、figure、statistical demographics等词往往对应数字集中的段落；financial、income、revenue、salary等词往往对应含诸如“$”“￥”等货币符号的段落)。考生能够通过这些指示性词汇缩小回原文定位的范围，从而快速判定

表1—四级样卷长篇阅读

表2—六级样卷长篇阅读

Passage One

Universities Branch Out

A) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time,

the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.

B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to

prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to

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长篇阅读考察的核心是“找匹配”，即要把文后的选项句与文中的来源段落匹配起来。这种考法其实并不要求你一定要把选项句和文章都完全看懂，而是要能敏锐地意识到选项句中的信息在文中的出现与对应。由于这个部分的做题时间可能相对紧张，因此做题步骤和要点很重要。下面我们来整理一下。 一、阅读文章标题、题注等，获取全文话题 长篇阅读的文章与选词填空和仔细阅读文章最不同的，在于长篇阅读的文章有标题。有些可能还有小标题、题注（大标题下、正文之前的一两句话，常为斜体）。在正式开始看选项、看文章之前，记得把大小标题、题注信息快速阅读一下，看完它们，你就能了解文章的话题了；之后的阅读和解题也有了大方向。 二、阅读选项，标注选项定位词 然后，我们先将文后的十个选项句阅读一遍。注意，这一步的目的并不是要记住十个句子所有的信息，我们也不可能把十个句子都背下来。但是我们希望能在每个句子中都挑选出一至两组定位词，方便我们待会扫读文章时快速注意到句子的出现和对应。 毫无疑问地，定位词应该要具有如下特点： 1.稳定：这个词最好要在文中能以原样重现 2.醒目：这个词最好要容易在文中被发现、识别 3.独特：这个词最好不要在文中出现太多次 下面我们总结常见的几类选项句中效果较好的定位词。 1.数字、时间 例如：Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent. (四级大纲样题-47) 这句话中的时间概念mid-1970s和数字3.9 percent就是很好的定位词。在文中肯定会重现，而且容易识别。这样，当之后在扫读文章，看到某段中出现这两个概念时，就可以初步确定这个句子的来源。 2.人名、地名、机构等大写专有名词、合成词等 例如：Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application. (四级大纲样题-53) 这句话中的合成词university-based science就是很好的定位词，本身是比较专业的概念不易被替换，合成词的形式也使得其比较容易被发现。扫读文章时若发现某个段落含有这个词，则很可能该段即是这句话的来源。 以上这两类，在原文中出现时往往都会是原样的形式，因为这些词都不容易被用其它词或说法进行同义改写、替换。另外，它们形式上也都较醒目，在文章中出现时，比较容易被识别。由于这两类词一般是作为论据或举例使用，因此出现频率也不会太高。 3.其它方便寻找的名词、动词、形容词 若是没有前两类词的，则可以考虑选项句中其它的实词，特别是名词及名词性词组，这些词被替换的可能性较小，相对容易原样重现；类似地，不易被替换的动词、形容词也可以考虑。 例如：Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application. (四级大纲样题-53) 这句话中除了university-based science之外，名词词组industrial application也是很好的定位词。这两个词构成的这个说法比较专业，被替换的可能性小。 另外，优先考虑与文章话题相关度小的词或词组；因为与文章话题相关度大、或是意思差距近的词或词组很可能在文中出现很多，对确定来源段意义不大。

2019大学英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题及答案解析(2)

2019大学英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题及答案解 析(2) Section B Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each smtement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.1ndentify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Creative Book Report Ideas A.Are you at a loss for creative book report ideas for your students?If yes.then this article will help you make reading and reviewing books more creative for your class.In an age of PSPs，Xbox，anime and gaming arcades，reading has lost its foothold in the list of hobbies that children tend to cite. Most of the reading that kids do today,comes in the form of compulsory books that they need to read for school and maybe that is the reason they find reading to be an insurmountable and boring task.If you want to inculcate the love for languages and literary masterpieces in your students and want them to devour books everyone should read，then a good way of going about the same would be to get them to start working on creative book report ideas.While working on creative ideas for book reports，your students will have to understand the book in a way that allows them to come up with new ways to present to the class，the essence of the book.

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2017年6 四级真题详解---段落匹配

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阅读匹配题技巧

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匹配题都会出先类似的句型，好多单词也是反复出现的。 6.另外，还有一部分真题，找到答案需要进行同义替换，这需要平时多多积累，但是其实同义替换的题目不会很多，一般情况下直接找关键词就好。 7.一般每一篇文章，会有两个题对应同一段，其中之一就会比较难，会用到同义替换，或者要归纳总结之类的，这个需要认真分析，但是如果时间很紧张，建议放弃这道题，因为后面的传统阅读分值更高更加重要。 8.很多做题技巧都需要大家自己总结，要多多练习，多多总结规律，也可以找一些视频课看看，推荐“零元课”网站，里面各个题型的视频课都能找到，还有各类电子资料，都是可以免费下载的。

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