16字征服四六级汉译英之：四级实战(一)

16字征服四六级汉译英之：四级实战（一）

《大学英语四级汉译英16字真经》、《大学英语六级汉译英16字真经》编写团队供稿

故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。

一、理清时态

本文是对故宫历史、地位、风格和吸引力的描述，是客观存在，因此，文章时态主要为一般现在时。但中间出现了信号词“明、清两代”，这个句子就需要采用一般过去时。

二、合理断并

本文逻辑清晰，句子主语明显，可依据自己的语言能力进行更细的划分，譬如“故宫，又称紫禁城，/（它）是明、清两代的皇宫，/二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。/ 故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。/它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。/宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,/红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。/近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，/随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，/可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。

三、找准主干，梳理枝叶

1. 故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。【参考译文1】The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs.

【解析】此句较长较复杂，但是可用一些常用单词短语将句子串联起来。该句就出现了两个常用表达法：

“known as” 被认为是，被称为，以…而著称，例如：

He is best known as the author of that book.

She is known as a great beauty.

Asteroids, also known as "minor planets ", are numerous in the outer space.

“where”常用语连接分句，补充描述前面的句子，类似的还有“when”。

【参考译文2】The Imperial Palace is also called the Forbidden City. It was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Twenty four emperors lived and handled government affairs there.

注：全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会在《关于2013年12月大学英语四六级考试相关材料及说明》中，明确指出：“翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力”。而翻译评分标准主要包括两点：语言准确和表达原文意思。因此，在翻译过程中一定要量力而行，当无法准确串联成长句时，要果断选择简单句，将原文意思准确表达出来才是最重要的。

2.它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群。

【参考译文】It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world.

【解析】这个句子主干很明显，但修饰成分多，涉及到限定词和形容词的排序，较为复杂。此处推荐一个广泛流传的顺口溜：

“限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。”

3. 宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,

【参考译文1】The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow.

注：翻译时，通常都是沿用原文主语，但有时候为了更符合译文表达习惯，会改变主语。【参考译文2】The colors of the palace wall are mainly red and yellow.

4. 红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。

【参考译文】Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity.

【解析】此类考点经常出现，大家也经常容易犯错。当多个词语排列在一起，发挥同样作用时，要注意词性必须保持一致，这一点非常重要。“happiness, luck and fortune”，“holiness and dignity”，这些词语全是名词形式。

另外，这个句子中出现了“while”这个高频词，这个词意思和用法很多，可以表示“在…期

间”；“虽然”，“而”等等，例如：

You don't need to stand while we talk.

It took her a while to make the decision.

He will mind the store while I'm away.

I'll make the tea and you rest for a while

Some people prefer A, while others prefer B.

5. 近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，

【参考译文】In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad.

6. 随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，

【参考译文】Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing.

【解析】“with”有时可表示“与…同时，随着”。

如：With the coming of modern technology, many jobs were lost.

7. 可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。

【参考译文】It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.

【全文参考译文】

The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.

重点词汇短语与表达:

the Imperial Palace 故宫

(be) known as 被认为是，被称为；以…而著称

the Forbidden City 紫禁城

annually 每年

at home and abroad 中外，国内外

flourishing 繁荣的

everlasting and unfading interest 长盛不衰的兴趣

（更多内容请阅读西南交通大学出版社出版的《大学英语四级汉译英16字真经》、《大学英语六级汉译英16字真经》）

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