英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译

第一节翻译中的选义

一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文

1. b

2. a

3. b

4. a

二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配

1． a swarm of bees

a brood of chickens

a litter of pups

2. a bevy of beautiful ladies

a pack of hounds

a team of ducks

a herd of antelopes

3. unfailing support

proactive fiscal policy

make effective use of overseas resources

4. make a phone call

take a taxi

knit a woolen sweater

fetch water

play basketball

spray insecticide

5. basic wage

capital construction

essential commodity

primary industry

fundamental interest

三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解

1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern

2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.

3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.

4. Everyone complained against such a practice.

5. They had a dispute at the meeting.

6. You should follow the doctor's advice.

7. They reached a consensus on this issue.

8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.

9. We have consulted him about the matter.

10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now

第二节翻译中的选词

一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。

1. That depends upon circumstances.

2. This state of affairs must be changed.

3. How do matters stand with them?

4. He presents all his books to the library

5. A teacher should devote himself to the cause of education.

6. The committee consists of 15 members.

7. Air is made up of a mixture of gases.

8. Go in for rigorous training and set strict3?mand.

二、翻译下列词组，注意词汇的搭配方式。

1．set sail

2. open quotation

3. the beginning of spring

4. go into operation

5．be taken in

6. make progress

7. distinguished guests

8. be on duty

三、翻译下列各句，注意汉语中词汇的词义范围。

1. It rained cats and dogs (hard / heavily) three days on end (in succession / running).

2. He likes talking big (talking large / talking horse /talking tall)/ he likes saying big words (large words) .

3. They are giving the classroom a good (general / spring / through) clean(ing).

4. A person like him is by no means (in no way / on no account / never / not absolutely) rare.

5. We should go in for industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion.

6. If you do it like that, you'll be completely (gravely / seriously) mistaken (be absolutely wrong / make a big mistake / make a major blunder / commit a very gross error).

第三节翻译中的多样性

一、翻译下列句子，注意画线词的多样性译法。

1."It sounds as if the two of you are always of one mind,” Second Sister chuckled, "How would

it be if we were to betroth you to him?"

2. Through clenched teeth he added, ...

3. "She bore me no grudge," replied Xifeng. "It was Baoyu who

made her grind her teeth with

rage just before she died. "

4. But after her initial fright Xifeng put on a bold face. "If she's dead," she retorted, "What's

all the fuss about?"

二、翻译下列句子，注意画线部分的成语。

1. The more you get, the more you want.

2. It’s only natural for man to hanker for more.

3. Goodness knows what they're being so secretive about.

4. She's been creeping in here the last couple of days in a very sneaky way. Goodness knows

what she's up to.

5. Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing?

6. Anything will do; don't fuss.

7. Our grandma is ill; don't kick up such a shindy.(口语：吵架。争吵，打架)

8. When others heard this they commented, “We thought it was someone who mattered isn't worth making such a fuss about.”

第二章词法翻译的一般技巧

第一节对等译法

一、翻译下面的句子，注意搭配产生的“假朋友”

1. a faithful Christian

2. a loving parent

3. an obedient child

4. a virtuous wife

5. a dutiful husband

6. a hardworking student

7. strong wind 8. thick fog

9 heavy rain

二、翻译下列句子，注意不顾语境而产生的“假朋友”。

1. Only when they find much n common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards. (注意不要把“投机”翻译成speculative)

2. Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.

3. Dear young friends, my advice to you is: Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career.

三、用对等译法，翻译下列成语。

1. fish in troubled waters

2. be after one's own heart

3. skin and bones

4. touch and go

5. hit the nail on the head

6. be head and shoulders above others

7. turn a deaf ear to

8. burn one's boat

9. turn a blind eye to

10. look for a needle in a bundle of hay

四、用对等译法，翻译下列谚语。

1. Practice makes perfect.

2. More haste, less speed.

3. East or west, home is best.

4. All is fish that comes to the net.

5. Everything comes to him who waits

6. The moon is not seen when the sun shines

7. Look before you leap.

8. There is no smoke without fire.

第二节增词译法

一、翻译下列句子，注意增补冠词

1. Even a child can answer this question.

2. This is the head of our delegation

3. He put the paper aside and turned on the radio.

4. The Chinese people are industrious and brave.

5. We must have faith in the masses.

6. The compass was invented in China

7. The moon moves around the earth.

二、翻译下列句子，注意增补代词。

1. Hand in your exercise-books, please.

2. I can't express myself in English.

3. Liberalism manifests itself in various ways.

4. Don't overwork yourself.

5. I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express our gratitude to you.

三、翻译下列句子，注意增补动词。

1. They are in high spirits.

2. They beamed with joy.

3. He is quick of eye and deft of hand.

4. This article is easy to read and understand

5. I stood aloof from him.

四、翻译下列句子，注意增补介词。

l. The book is very popular among young people.

2. She inquired about your illness.

3. The mountain is l,000 feet above the sea level.

4. Shut the door after/when you go out.

5. Dinner was at one o'clock.

6. We rejoice at every victory you win.

五、翻译下列句子，注意增补连词。

1. Promote physical culture and build up the people's health

2. Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.

3. We worked neither for fame nor for personal gain.

4. We should strike while the iron is hot.

5. I shall stay here until I've completed my studies.

六、翻译下列句子或短语，从文化角度增补词语。

1. You might have the genius of Li Bai or Du Fu, who was a

great poet in the Tang Dynasty and the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shen—both of them were disciples of Confucius no one would ask your advice.

2. to show off one's proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter

3. Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the

poor.

4. let a hundred flowers bloom, permit the airing of conflicting views

5. black children, who are born in violation of China's one-child policy

第三节减词译法

一、翻译下列句子注意省略原文的范畴词。

1. Reform and opening-up reversed the stagnation of national economy

2. His rudeness shocked me.

3. He has undertaken/taken up the translation of Lu Xun's works.

4. The export is not permitted to exceed its limit.

5. The discussion covers Sino-US relations.

6. In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.

7. His arrogance made everyone dislike him.

8. Now birth control became a possibility.

9. China is carrying out nationwide pollution control and environmental protection.

10. During the talk, their discussion centered around the protection

of intellectual properties rights.

11. promote peaceful reunification

12. Our import-export in the first half of this year has gone very well.

二、翻译下列句子，注意省略原文的重复成分。

1. The two sides held that Sino-US relations should be viewed in a global context and from a

perspective of the future and the 21st century in particular.

2. When problems emerge, they can be easily put right.

3. distance/length/size/height

4. Increase the awareness about self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the

rule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.

5. Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.

6. Productive forces are the most dynamic and the most revolutionary factors as well as the

ultimate decisive force of social development.

7. Our party must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive

forces; the orientation of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the

overwhelming majority of people in China.

三、翻译下列句子，注意省略原文中多余的或空洞的词语。

1. I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that the guards at the entrance were Swiss

soldiers in yellow uniforms.

2. We need to import advanced industrial equipment.

3. Past experiences teach us….

4. That is a facade.

5. We must adhere to the principle of plain living and hard struggle.

6. We must carry forward and promote the spirit of practicality, truth-seeking and courage in

innovation.

7. This shattered his illusion.

8. We demand that US government apologize to China for this incident.

9. Encourage both Chinese and overseas investments in the central and western regions.

第四节合并译法

一、运用合并译法，翻译下列四字成语或词组。

1. fine words

2. glib tongue

3. exhausted

4. stumbling

5. move forces

6. burn one's boat

二.合并译法,翻译下列句子。

1. We must have this ambition.

2. I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead again, and was free and satisfied.

3. Each of the five performances enjoyed a full house, with many spectators having to stand.

4. He is determined to turn over a new leaf.

5. He worked hard at his studies even in early childhood.

6. The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same flesh and blood.

7. All the staff unite in absolute sincerity.

8. Before you came, I did nothing but idle and drift into anything that offered itself.

9. He sought the distraction of distance.

第五节转性译法

一、翻译下列句子，注意汉语形容词和剐词的转译。

1. There is no difference in their views.

2. We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.

3. The delegates unanimously expressed their determination to oppose the nuclear weapons

4. His new book is a great success.

5. He looked at me in amazement.

6. The sun shines over the earth.

7. The news quickly spread throughout the world.

8. Her voice rings through the house.

9. This area is densely populated.

10. Our government shows great concern for the Chinese students abroad.

11. They give this famous writer a warm welcome.

12. She acted as a reluctant tourist guide.

13. She has a strong desire to see him.

14. I will give an immediate reply.

15. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.

[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础(英汉互译)模拟试卷4.doc

[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷4 汉译英 1 扶持农业发展 我们必须加大对农业的支持力度。采取符合世贸组织规则的措施，努力维护农民利益。增加对农业和农村基础设施建设投资，改善生产生活条件和生态环境。重点支持节水灌溉、人畜饮水、农村沼气、农村水电、乡村道路和草场围栏等设施建设。要在农业科研、技术推广、病虫害防治、信息咨询和农民培训等方面加强对农业的支持。特别要加大对粮食主产区的支持力度。改进金融对农业的服务。深化农村信用社改革。进一步搞好农村扶贫开发，多渠道增加扶贫资金，扩大以工代赈规模。加大对灾区和特困地区的支持，减免农、牧业税，并真正落到实处。积极帮助农村特困户和优抚对象解决实际困难。 2 中华人民共和国成立以后，我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。生产资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成，人剥削人的制度已经消灭，社会主义制度已经确立。工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政，实质上即无产阶级专政，得到巩固和发展。中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义、霸权主义的侵略、破坏和武装挑衅，维护了国家的独立和安全，增强了国防。经济建设取得了重大的成就，独立的、比较完整的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成，农业生产显著提高。教育、科学、文化等事业有了很大的发展，社会主义思想教育取得了明显的成效。广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。 3 中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就，都是中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的指引下，坚持真理，修正错误，战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。今后国家的根本任务是集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下，在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想指引下，坚持人民民主专政，坚持社会主义道路，不断完善社会主义的各项制度，发展社会主义民主，健全社会主义法制，自力更生，艰苦奋斗，逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为高度文明、高度民主的社会主义国家。 4 坚持党的思想路线，解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进，是我们党坚持先进性和增强创造力的决定性因素，也是十六大报告的精髓。学习贯彻十六大精神要紧紧把

英汉翻译教程试题

高等教育自学考试冲刺模拟试卷一 （英语专业） 英汉翻译教程（三） Part One I.Multiple Choice Questions （30 points, 2 points for each）A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1.For Britain our membership of the European Union and the World Trade Organization has brought this home. A.对英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份把这带到了家。 B.对英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织把我们送到了家。 C.对我们英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织的经历使我们对这一点深有感触。 D.对我们英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份使我们如鱼得水。 2.So now he contrived an eager, ingratiating smile, which he bestowed on Mr. Squires. A.因此他就装出急切的、迷人的笑，并投向史奎尔先生。 B.因此他就装出殷切的、拍马的笑，并把这笑赠予史奎尔先生。 C.因此他就对史奎尔先生装出一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 D.因此他就给史奎尔先生设计了一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 3. People disappear in that river every year, one of the policemen said to me that afternoon, half in dismay, half in frustration. A. 这条河里年年都有人消失，”当天下午警察中的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 B. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 C. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 D. 年年都有人消失在这条河里，”当天下午警察中的一个半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 4. As recently as the early 1960s, the phrase environmental law ” would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look, even from many lawyers.

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考： 翻译教学和研究的经验表明：翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧，如选词（Diction）、转换（Conversion）、增补（Amplification）、省略（Omission）、重复（Repetition）、替代（Substitution）、变换（Variation）、倒臵（Inversion）、拆离（Division）、缀合（Combination）、阐释（Annotation）、浓缩（Condensation）、重组（Reconstruction），以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法，都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换，也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难，归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此，对比、分析和归纳这些差异，便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译，也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析，人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性，在进行交际时，能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法，以顺应这些差异，防止表达错误，避免运用失当，从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能，《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来，“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”，但同时，“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译，译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的，既是精神的，也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中，经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇，他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述：描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇，也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的，是语言与文化层面的逻辑性，这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说：“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性，而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现，相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象，我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏，因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意，如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意，但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间，迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间，英语与法语的天平有所侧重，在两者的遭遇中，译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思，相反，在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中，他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说：“只有在接触外语时，我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷，因此，只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我，可作一明镜，从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上，与异语文化的接触，有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足，便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养，弥补自身，丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中，纪德亲历了种种障碍，他结合翻译中的具体例证，作了某

英汉翻译基础教程练习问题详解总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)

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英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧

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