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英语词汇资料学术语翻译

英语词汇资料学术语翻译
英语词汇资料学术语翻译

Terminology Translations on lexicology

英语词汇学术语翻译

A acronym 首字母拼音词acronymy 首字母拼音法

addition 增词

adjective compound 复合形容词

affective meaning 感情意义

affix 词缀

affixation 词缀法

Albanian 阿尔巴尼亚语(族)aliens 非同化词alliteration 头韵(法)allomorph 词素(形位)变体ambiguity 歧义

amelioration of meamng 词义的升华analogy 类推

analytic language 分析性语言antithsis 对偶

antonym 反义词

antonymy 反义关系

appreciative term 褒义词

archaic word 古词

archaism 古词语

argot 隐语(黑话)Armenian 亚美尼亚语(族)Associated transfer 联想转移association 联想

associative meanings 关联意义

B

back-formation 逆生法

back clipping 词尾截短

Balto-Slavic 波罗斯拉夫语(族)bilinguall 双语的

basic word stock 基本词汇

blend 拼缀词

blending 拼缀法

borrowed word 借词

bound form粘着形式

bound morpheme 粘着语素(形位)bound root 粘着词根

C

casual style 随便文体

catchPhrase 时髦语

Celtic 凯尔特语(族)

central meaning 中心意义

Clipping 截短法

collocability 搭配能力

collocation 搭配

collocative meaning 搭配意义colloquialism 口语词(口语体)complete synonym 完全同义词complex word 复杂词

composition 复合法

compound 复合词

compounding 复合法concatenation 连锁型

concept 概念

conceptual meaning 概念意义connotation 内涵connotative meanins 内涵意义constituent 要素.成分consultative style 交谈体(咨询体)content word 实义词

context 语境

contradictory term矛盾反义词

contrary terms 对立反义词conversion 转类法

couplet 成对词

D

de-adjective 由形容词转化的

de-adjectival 由形容词转化的

degradation of meaning 词义的降格deletion 减词

denizen 同化同denominal 由名词转化的denotation外延

denotative meaning 外延意义derivation 派生法

derivational affiX 派生词缀derivative 派生词

derived meaning 派生意义derogatory sense 贬义

desk dictionary 案头词典deverbal noun 由动词转化的名词deverbal suffix 加于动词的后缀diachronic approach 历时角度dialectal word 方言词

discipline 学科dismembering 肢解

distribution分布

doublet 成对词duplication of synonyms 同义词并举

F

formal 正式的

free form 自由形式

/. free morpheme 自由语素(形位)

free root 自由词根

frontclipping 首部截短

front and back clipping 首尾部截短

frozen style 拘谨体

full conversion 完全转换

functional shift 功能转换

G generalisation of meaning 词义的扩大

Germanic 日耳曼语族

grammatical meaning 语法意义

gradable adjective 等级形容词

grammatical context 语法语境

grammatical feature 语法特征

graphology 书写法;图解法

H

Hellenic 希腊语族

heterogeneous 多质的

highly-inflected 高度屈折化的

homograph 同形异义词

homonym 同形同音异义词

homonymy 同形同音异义关系

homphone 同音异义词

hyperonym 上义(位)词

hyponym 下义(位)词

hyponymy 上下义(位)关系

I

idiom 习语

idiomatic expression 习惯表达

idiomaticity 习语程度

Indo-European Language Family 印欧语系

Indo-Iranian 印伊语族

inflection 屈折变化

inflectional affix 屈折词缀

intensity of meaning 意义强度

initialism 首字母缩略词

intermediate member 中间成分

intimate style 亲昵语体

Italic 意大利语族

J j uxtaposition of antonyms 反义词并置

L

1exical context 词汇语境

lexical item 词汇项目

lexicography 词典学

lexicology 词汇学

lexis 词汇

linguistic context 语言语境

literary 书面的

loan word 借词lexical meaning 词汇意义M

marked term有标记项

metaphor 暗喻metonymy 换喻monolingual 单语的morph 形素

monomorphemic 单语素的monosemic 单义的morpheme 词素(形位)morphological structure 形态结构morphology 形态学motivation 理据motivated 有理据的

N

native word 本族语词neoclassical 新古典词的neologism 新词语notional word 实义词

O

objective meaning 客观意义obsolete 废弃词

onomatopoeic motivation 拟声理据Orthographic feature 拼写特征

P

Partial conversion 部分转化Pejoration 贬义化Perpect homonym 同形同音异义词phonetic feature 语音特征phono1ogical 音位学的phonology 音位学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase clipping 短语截短pocket dictionary 袖珍词典polysemic 多义的polysemous 多义的polysemant 多义词polysemantic 多义的polysemy 多义关系pormanteau word 拼级词positionshifting 移位

prefix 前缀

prefixation 前缀法

primary meaning 原始意义productivity 多产性

pun 双关语

R

radiation 辐射

range of meaning 词义范围reduplication 重叠

referent 所指物reference 所指关系

referential meaning 所指意义regional variety 地域变体

register 语域reiteration(意义)重复。

relational opposites 关系对立词relative terms 关系反义词。relative synonyms 相对同义词reversative prefix 逆反前缀

root 词根

root word 根词

S

Scandinavian 斯堪的内维亚语secondary meaning 次要意义semantic contrast 语义对立semantic feature 语义特征。semantic field 语义场

semantic loan 借义词

semantic motivation 语义理据semantics 语义学

semantic unity 语义的整体性sense relation 语义关系sentence idiom 句式习语shades of meaning 语义色彩shortening 缩略法

simple word 简单词

slang 俚语specialization of meaning 词义的缩小specialized dictionary 专用词典stem 词干

structural stability 结构的稳定性subjective meaning 主观意义Subordinate 下义词

suffix后缀

suffixation 后缀法

superordinate 上义词

symbolic connection 象征性联系。synchronic approach 共时角度synonym 同义词synonymy 同义关系synthetic language 综合性语言

T

technical term 术语

transfer of meaning 词义的转移

transer 转移

translation loan 译借词

triplet 三词词组

V

variation 变体

verbal context 语言语境

Vocal cords 声带

U unabridged dictionary 非节略(大型)词典unmarked term无标记项

w

word class 词类;

word building 构词法

word formation 构词法

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Introduction 绪论 0.1 The nature and Domain of English lexicology 英语词汇学的定义及研究范围 Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. 词汇学是语言学的一个分支,研究词汇的起源和意义。 English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. 英语词汇学研究英语词汇的形态结构、词的对应及其语义结构、词义关系、词的历史演变、词的构成及词的用法等。 English lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course. 英语词汇学是一门理论性课程。 It is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. 该课程主要论述词汇学的基本理论,特别是英语词汇的理论知识。 However, it is a practical course as well, for in the discussion, we shall inevitably deal with copious stocks of words and idioms, and study a great many usage examples. 但是,英语词汇学也是一门实践性课程,在该书的论述中,我们将遇到大量的词汇和习语,学习大量词汇用法实例。 Naturally, there will be a large quantity of practice involved. 当然,同时还要接触到大量的词汇练习。 0.2 Its Relation to Other Disciplines 英语词汇学与其它学科的关系 English lexicology itself is a subbranch of linguistics. 英语词汇学是语言学的一个分支。 But it embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics, lexicography. 但它却与其他学科相关,如形态学、语义学、词源学、文体学和词典学等。 Each of them has been established as a discipline in its own right. 而这些学科都各成一门学科。 Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct. 形态学是语法学的一个分支,主要通过运用词素(形位)结构研究词的结构或形式。 This is one of the major concerns of lexicology, for we shall discuss the inflections of words and word-formation and examine how morphemes are combined to form words and words to form sentences. 这是词汇学研究的主要内容之一,因为研究词汇就必需讨论的屈折变化和构词法,考察词素如何构成词、词如何构成句子。 Etymology is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. 词源学研究词的形式和意义的起源及其历史变化。 Modern English is derived from the languages of early Germanic tribes with a fairly small vocabulary. 现代英语源于词汇量颇小的古日尔曼语。 We shall study how this small vocabulary has grown into a huge modern English vocabulary and explain the changes that have taken place in the forms and meanings of words. 我们将研究这门词汇量很小的语言是如何发展成为词汇量庞大的现代英语,并解释英语词汇的形式和意义是如何变化的。 Stylistics is the study of style. 文体学研究文体。 It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects. 主要对语用者在特定语境中如何选择语言要素(即如何选择用词、句型等)以达到特定的表达效果进行观察研究。 Among the areas of study: lexis, phonology, syntax, graphology, we shall concentrate on lexis, exploring the stylistic values of words. 在文体学所研究的词汇、音系学、句法学和书写法范围中,我们主要研究词汇,探讨词汇的文体价值。Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a pragmatic difference. 词典学和词汇学探讨同样的问题:词汇的形式、意义、词汇的起源及用法,但两者在语用上还有差异。 A lexicographer’s task is to record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference, whereas the student of lexicology is to acquire the knowledge and information of lexis so as to increase their lexical awareness and capacity of language use. 词典学家的任务是实录词汇的用法并把词汇用法的真实情形呈现给读者,为其提供权威性的参考;而词汇学家则是研究词汇的知识和信息,以增强读者对词汇的了解和语言的使用能力。 Though English lexicology has a wide coverage of academic areas, our task is definite and consistent. 英语词汇学的研究范围很大,但我们的任务是明确而系统的。 That is to study English words in different aspects and from different angles. 即从不同角度研究英语词汇的各个方面。0.3 Method of Study 英语词汇学的研究方法 There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and diachronic. 一般来说,词汇研究有两种

【免费下载】大学英语的词汇和短语翻译

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自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理

学习资料收集于网络,仅供参考 English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics(文体论)and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word(词的定义): A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式,拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning(声音与意义): almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号,代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人,事,地方,特性,过程,行动,当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的,并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form(读音和形式):不统一的四个原因(1)the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母,罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音,因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。 (2)the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快,在一些时候还拉开了距离。在最近五百年里,尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化,却没有相应的拼写变化。 (3)some of the difference were created by the early scribes第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同。(4)the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary最后借词来了,这是丰富英语词汇的重要途径。 (5)printing印刷已经变得非常普及。它有助于固定单词的拼写、standardization标准化使得拼写不容改变。、dictionary字典在拼写终结中得到好处。 —Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 —The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary? (1)Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 (2)Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 (3)All the words of a dialect,a book ,a discipline...某个方言,书籍,学科中的所有单词 5.Classification of English Words:英语词汇由所有种类的词汇组成。它们可以根据不同的标 准或者不同的目的进行分类。 By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary根据使用频率,单词可以分为基础词和非基础词。 By notion:content words&functional words可以根据概念分成实词和虚词

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