62-浙大09春学期《英汉翻译》第一章汉译英概说及词的翻译 课堂笔记

浙大09春学期《英汉翻译》第一章汉译英概说及词的翻译 课堂笔记
主要知识点掌握程度
了解汉译英的翻译过程，标准，必要条件和水平的培养；能根据上下文和习惯搭配来选词；避免词汇层面的误译
知识点整理
一、汉译英概说
1、翻译过程：理解准备--表达--校对
2、汉译英标准：忠于原文；译文通顺；保持风格
3、英译汉水平的培养
1）提高英语表达能力
2）进行有针对性的翻译实践
3）精读各类英语读物
4、汉译英的必要条件
1）要有较高的汉语水平
2）要有较高的英语水平
3）要有一定的专业知识和丰富的文化知识
4）要有一定的英语为母语国家的背景知识
看下面几个例子，红色标注处的翻译是容易做错的，要特别注意：
例1：请到休息室去喝杯咖啡
错误：would you please go to the restroom to have a cup of coffee?(lavatory toilet)
正确lobby
例2：红眼
错误：red eye
正确：pink eye to be green-eyed
例3：日本以温泉驰名
错误Japan is famous for/boasts warm spring
正确hot spring
例4：我通常睡得很晚
错误：I usually sleep very late
正确：I usually stay up/go to sleep very late
例5：我们是1997级的学生。
错误：We are students of the 1997 grade.
正确：We are students of the 1997 enrolment.

二、词的翻译
Words have no meaning; people have meanings for words.
1、根据上下文选词，避免机械对应
见教材15页例子，如："问题"、 "小心"等词的灵活翻译
看下面这些词的翻译：注意一词多译、搭配的重要性
例如： "水平"一词的翻译
英语水平 English proficiency
生活水平 living standard
游泳水平 swimming skill
他的游泳水平还挺高。 He is good at swimming.
他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I.
各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。
Cadres/Administrators at all levels should improve their art of leadership.
例如 "关心"在不同语境中的翻译
关心人民的生活 to care about the well-being of the people
共同关心的问题 issues of common interest/concern
我们关心中国是否能保持持续发展。
We would like to know whether china will keep/be able to achieve a sustainable development.
领导人对两国关系非常关心。
Our leaders have taken interest in development of bilateral relations.
注意下面标红色词的正确译法：
例如：他在一所高校学习。
He is studying in a college/university.
例如：这里住房很紧张。
There is housing shortage.
　

　例如：这不会影响中国的金融保险事业的对外开放政策。
It will not affect China's policy of opening its banking and insurance sectors.
例如： 外向型经济export-oriented economy
做事一丝不苟的detail- oriented technician
例如：博士点Doctoral program
例如：我们相信用不了多久我们的家用电器产品就会走向世界。
We believe that soon /it will not before long our electrical appliances go global.
2、词的搭配
例1浓荼strong tea
浓云thick cloud
浓雾dense fog
浓缩concentrate condense
浓郁rich
例2编辑部editorial office
指挥部command post
外交部Ministry of foreign Affairs
南部the southern part
例3开门open a door
开车drive a car
开飞机fly/pilot a plane
开会hold a meeting
开工start operation
开绿灯give free rein to
开玩笑make a joke, kid
开灯turn on a light
开夜车stay up all the night
开关switch
开机器operate a machine
开花blossom
开业start business
1）主谓搭配
例1中国的水域，草原，山地资源丰富，开发潜力巨大。
China has rich water, grassland and mountainous resources which have great potential for exploitation.
例2中国的发展与进步，有利于人类文明。
The developing and progressing of China are beneficial to human civilization.
2）动宾搭配
例1 每晚我都要花一小时学习政治理论和企业管理知识。
I would spend one hour every evening on studying political theories and acquiring knowledge concerning business management.
例2 他们意识到学习知识的重要性。
They are aware of the importance of acquiring/attaining knowledge.
例3 几年来，为了工作，我牺牲了许多节假日
In the past few years, I devoted many of my holidays to my work.
例4许多房屋都被洪水损坏了。
Many houses were damaged by the floods.
例5这就给你机会运用你的知识和经验。
This will give you an opportunity to use/apply your knowledge and experience.
例6那位教师介绍了他教物理的宝贵经验。
The teacher shared /passed on his valuable experience in teaching physics.
例7 她掌握了大量英语词汇。
She masters/possesses a wide vocabulary of English words.
例8 史密斯接受了朋友的忠告。
Take / accept/ adopt advise
例9 他不敢进真话。
Tell the truth
例10错误的结果必然得出错误的结论。
A wrong result is bound to/be destined to draw/reach/arrive at/come to/ make a conclusion.
例11她没能赴约，因为她病了。
She could not keep the appointment, because she was sick.
3）形名搭配
例1历史

习惯 traditional habits
例2 这种型号的车床价格便宜。
The price of the lathe of this type is low.
例3 今晚他要去参加一个化装舞会。
She would be going to a fancy dress/costume in the evening.
例4你的帽子真好看。
You have a attractive/nice cap.
例5 强硬政策 tough policy
例6 严密控制 rigid/strict control
例7 这违反了他的意图。
Go against his intention
4）副动搭配
例如：结果我们采取了一种比较适合的情况的政策。
Best suited/fit
3、增词与减词（P21）
有时需要对译文进行增词与减词，比如像无主句的被动句在翻译时就需要加主语、或强调句等句型，具体请参见教材。
奥鹏远程教育中心助学服务部 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3f5313567.html,




Page 1 of 5