2014年12月六级真题答案解析(第二套)

2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二)

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.A． In a parking lot.

B．At a grocery.

C． At a fast food restaurant.

D． In a car showroom.

2.A． Change her position now and then.

B．Stretch her legs before standing up.

C． Have a little nap after lunch.

D． Get up and take a short walk.

3.A． The students should practice long-distance running.

B．The students' physical condition is not desirable.

C． He doesn't quite believe what the woman says.

D． He thinks the race is too hard for the students.

4.A． They will get their degrees in two years.

B．They are both pursuing graduate studies.

C． They cannot afford to get married right now.

D． They do not want to have a baby at present.

5.A． He must have been mistaken for Jack.

B．Twins usually have a lot in common.

C． Jack is certainly not as healthy as he is.

D． He has not seen Jack for quite a few days.

6.A． The woman will attend the opening of the museum.

B．The woman is asking the way at the crossroads.

C． The man knows where the museum is located.

D． The man will take the woman to the museurn.

7.A． They cannot ask the guy to leave.

B．The guy has been coming in for years.

C． The guy must be feeling extremely lonely.

D． They should not look down upon the guy.

8.A． Collect timepieces.

B．Become time-conscious.

C． Learn to mend clocks.

D． Keep track of his daily activities.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9.A． It is eating into its banks.

B．It winds its way to the sea.

C． It is wide and deep.

D． It is quickly rising.

10.A． Try to speed up the operation by any means.

B．Take the equipment apart before being ferried.

C． Reduce the transport cost as much as possible.

D． Get the trucks over to the Other side of the river.

11.A． Find as many boats as possible.

B．Cut trees and build rowing boats.

C． Halt the operation until fu.rther orders.

D． Ask the commander to send a helicopter.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12.A． Talk about his climbing experiences.

B．Help him join an Indian expedition.

C． Give up mountain climbing altogether.

D． Save money to buy climbing equipment.

13.A． He was the first to conquer Mr. Qomolangma.

B．He had an unusual religious background.

C． He climbed mountains to earn a living.

D． He was very strict with his children.

14.A． They are to be conquered.

B．They are to be protected.

C． They are sacred places.

D． They are like humans.

15.A． It was his father's training that pulled him through.

B．It was a milestone in his mountain climbing career.

C． It helped him understand the Sherpa view of mountains.

D． It was his father who gave him the strength to succeed.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will.hear somequestions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C ) and D ). Then mark thecorresponding letter on ,Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16.A． By showing a memorandum's structure.

B．By analyzing the organization of a letter.

C． By comparing memorandums with letters.

D． By reviewing what he has said previously.

17.A． They ignored many of the memorandums they received. B．They placed emphasis on the format of memorandums.

C． They seldom read a memorandum through to the end;

D． They spent a lot of time writing memorandums.

18.A． Style and wording.

B．Directness and clarity.

C． Structure and length.

D． Simplicity and accuracy.

19.A． Inclusion of appropriate humor.

B．Direct statement of purpose.

C． Professional look.

D． Accurate dating.Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

20.A． They give top priority to their work efficiency.

B．They make an effort to lighten their workload.

C． They try hard to make the best use of their time.

D． They never change work habits unless forced to.

21.A． Sense of duty.

B．Self-confidence.

C． Work efficiency.

D． Passion for work.

22.A． They find no pleasure in the work they do.

B．They try to avoid work whenever possible.

C． They are addicted to playing online games.

D． They simply have no sense of responsibility.Passage Three Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23.A． He lost all his property.

B．He was sold to a circus.

C． He ran away from his family.

D． He was forced into slavery.

24.A． A carpenter.

B．A master of his.

C． A businessman.

D． A black drummer.

25.A． It named its town hall after Solomon Northup,

B．It freed all blacks in the town from slavery.

C． It declared July 24 Solomon Northup Day.

D． It hosted a reunion for the Northup family.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the firs~ time,you should listen carefully for its general idea .. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read forthe third time, you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Intolerance is the art of ignoring any views that differ from your own. It 26itself in hatred,stereotypes, prejudice, and 27. Once it intensifies in people, intolerance is nearly impossible toovercome. But why would anyone want to be labeled intolerant ? Why would people want

to be 28about the world around them? Why would one want to be part of the problem in America, instead of thesolution?

There are many explanations for intolerant attitudes, some29childhood. It is likely thatintolerant folks grew up 30intolerant parents and the cycle of prejudice has simply continued for31 Perhaps intolerant people are so set in their ways that they find it easier to ignore anything thatmight not32their limited view of. life. Or maybe intolerant students have simply never been33to anyone different from themselves. But none of these reasons is an excuse

for allowing theintolerance to continue.

Intolerance should not be confused with disagreement. It is, of course, possible to disagree with anopinion without being intolerant of it. If you understand a belief but still don't believe

in that specificbelief, that's fine. You are 34your opinion. As a matter of fact,35 dissenters (持异议者)are important for any belief. If we all believed the same things, we would never grow, and we wouldnever learn about the world around us. Intolerance does not stem from disagreement. It stems from fear.And fear stems from ignorance.

Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for eachblank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by

a letter. Please mark the correspondingletter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

His future subjects have not always treated the Prince of Wales with the respect one might expect.They laughed aloud in 1986 when the heir to the British 36told a TV reporter that he talked to hisplants at his country house, Highgrove,.to stimulate their growth. The Prince was being humorous--"Mysense of humor will get me into trouble one day," he said to his aids (随从)--but listening to CharlesWindsor can indeed prove stimulating. The royal 37has been promoting radical ideas for most ofhis adult life. Some of his 38, which once sounded a bit weird, were simply ahead oftheir time.their time.Now, finally, the world seems to be catching

up with him.

Take his views on farming. Prince Charles' Duchy Home Farm went39back in 1986, whenmost shoppers cared only about the low price tag on suspiciously blemish-free (无瑕疵的) vegetables and40large chickens piled high in supermarkets.

His warnings on climate change proved farsighted, too. Charles began41action on globalwarming

in 1990 and says he has been worried about the42of man on the environment since hewas a teenager.

Although he has gradually gained international43 as one of the world's leadingconservationists, many British people still think of him as an44person who talks to plants. Thisyear, as it happens, South Korean scientists proved that plants really do 45to sound. So Charleswas ahead of the game there, too.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A．conform F．notionsK．subordinateB．eccentric G． organicL． suppressingC． environmentalistH．originally M． throne

D． expeditions I．recognitionN． unnaturallyE． impact J． respond O． urging

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with aletter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

High School Sports Aren't Killing Academics

A． In this month's Atlantic cover article, "The Case Against High-School Sports," Amanda Ripley arguesthat school-sponsored sports programs should be seriously cut. She writes that, unlike most countriesthat outperform the United States on international assessments, American schools put too much of anemphasis on athletics. “Sports are embedded in Ame rican schools in a way they are not almostanywhere else," she writes.“Yet this difference hardly ever comes up in domestic debates aboutAmerica's international mediocrity (平庸) in education."

B．American student-athletes reap many benefits from participating in sports, but the costs to the schoolscould outweigh their benefits, she argues. In particular, Ripley contends that sports crowd out theacademic missions of schools: America should learn from South Korea and Finland and every othercountry at the top level of international test scores, all of whom emphasize athletics far less in school."Even in eighth grade, American kids spend more than twice the time Korean kids spend playingsports," she writes, citing a 2010 study published in the Journal of Advanced Academics.

C． It might well be true that sports are far more rooted in American high schools than in other countries.But our reading of international test scores finds no support for the argument against school athletics.Indeed, our own research and that of others lead us to make the opposite case. School-sponsored sportsappear to provide benefits that seem to increase, not detract (减少) from, academic success.

D． Ripley indulges a popular obsession (痴迷) with international test score comparisons, which show wideand frightening gaps between the United States and other countries. She ignores, however, the factthat states vary at least as much in test scores as do developed countries. A 2011 report from HarvardUniversity shows that Massachusetts produces math scores comparable to South Korea and Finland,while Mississippi scores are closer to Trinidad and Tobago. Ripley's thesis about sports falls apart inlight of this fact. Schools in Massachusetts provide sports programs while schools in Finland do not.Schools in Mississippi may love football while in Tobago interscholastic sports are nowhere near asprominent. Sports cannot explain these similarities in performance. They can't explain internationaldifferences either.

E． If it is true that sports undermine the academic mission of American schools, we would expect to see a

negative relationship between the commitment to athletics and academic achievement. However, theUniversity of Arkansas's Daniel Bowen and Jay Greene actually find the opposite. They examine thisrelationship by analyzing schools' sports winning percentages as well as student-athletic participationrates compared to graduation rates and standardized test score achievement over a five-year period forall public high schools in Ohio. Controlling for student poverty levels, demographics (人口统计状况),and district financial resources, both measures of a school's commitment to athletics are significantlyand positively related to lower dropout rates as well as higher test scores.

F． On-the-field success and high participation in sports is not random--it requires focus and dedication toathletics. One might think this would lead schools obsessed with winning to deemphasize academics.Bowen and Greene's results contradict that argument. A likely explanation for this seeminglycounterintuitive (与直觉相反的 ) result is that success in sports programs actually facilitates or reflectsgreater social capital within a school's community.

G． Ripley cites the writings of renowned sociologist James Coleman, whose research in education wasgroundbreaking. Coleman in his early work held athletics in contempt, arguing that they crowded outschools' academic missions. Ripley quotes his 1961 study, The Adolescent Society, where Colemanwrites, "Altogether, the trophy (奖品) case would suggest to the innocent visitor that he was enteringan athletic club, not an educational institution."

H． However, in later research Coleman would show how the success of schools is highly dependent onwhat he termed social capital, "the norms, the social networks, and the relationships between adultsand children that are of value for the child's growing up."

I．According to a 2013 evaluation conducted by the Crime Lab at the University of Chicago, a programcalled Becoming a Man--Sports Edition creates lasting improvements in the boys' study habits andgrade point averages. During the first year of the program, students were found to be less likely totransfer schools or be engaged in violent crime. A year after the program, participants were less likelyto have had an encounter with the juvenile justice system.

J． If school-sponsored sports were completely eliminated tomorrow, many American students would stillhave opportunities to participate in organized athletics elsewhere, much like they do in countries suchas Finland, Germany, and South Korea. The same is not certain when it comes to students from moredisadvantaged backgrounds. In an overview of the research on non-school based after-schoolprograms, researchers find that disadvantaged children participate in these programs at significantlylower rates. They find that low-income students have less access due to challenges with regard totransportation, non-nominal fees, and off-campus safety. Therefore, reducing or eliminating theseopportunities would most likely deprive disadvantaged students of the benefits from athleticparticipation, not least of which is the opportunity to interact with positive role models outside ofregular school hours.

K． Another unfounded criticism that Ripley makes is bringing up the stereotype that athletic coaches aretypically lousy (蹩脚的) classroom teachers. "American principals, unlike the vast majority ofprincipals around the world, make many hiring decisions with their sports teams in mind, which doesnot always end well for students." she writes. Educators who seek employment at schools primarily forthe purpose of coaching are likely to shirk (推卸) teaching responsibilities, the argument goes.Moreover, even in the cases where the employee is a teacher first and athletic coach second, theadditional responsibilities that come with coaching likely come at the expense of time otherwise spenton planning, grading, and communicating with parents and guardians.

L． The data, however, do not seem to confirm this stereotype. In the most rigorous study on theclassroom results of high school coaches, the University of Arkansas's Anna Egalite finds that athleticcoaches in Florida mostly tend to perform just as well as their non-coaching counterparts, with respectto raising student test scores. We do not doubt that teachers who also coach face serious tradeoffs thatlikely come at the expense of time they could dedicate to their academic obligations. However, as withsporting events, athletic coaches gain additional opportunities for communicating and serving asmentors (导师) that potentially help students succeed and make up for the costs of coachingcommitments.

M． If schools allow student-athletes to regularly miss out on instructional time for the sake of traveling toathletic competitions, that's bad. However, such issues would be better addressed by changing schooland state policies with regard to the scheduling of sporting events as opposed to total elimination. Ifthe empirical evidence points to anything, it points towards school-sponsored sports providing assetsthat are well worth the costs.

N． Despite negative stereotypes about sports culture and Ripley's presumption that academics and athleticsare at odds with one another, we believe that the greater body of evidence shows that school-sponsoredsports programs appear to benefit students. Successes on the playing field can carry over to theclassroom and vice versa (反之亦然). More importantly, finding ways to increase school communities'social capital is imperative to the success of the school as a whole, not just the athletes.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46. Students from low-income families have less access to off-campus sports programs.

47. Amanda Ripley argues that America should learn from other countries that rank high in internationaltests and lay less emphasis on athletics.

48. According to the author, Amanda Ripley fails to note that students' performance in exams varies fromstate to state.

49. Amanda Ripley thinks that athletic coaches are poor at classroom instruction.

50. James Coleman's later research makes an argument for a school's social capital.

51. Researchers find that there is a positive relationship between a school's commitment to athletics and academic achievements.

52. A rigorous study finds that athletic coaches also do well in raising students' test scores.

53. According to an evaluation, sports programs contribute to students' academic performance and characterbuilding.

54. Amanda Ripley believes the emphasis on school sports should be brought up when trying to understand why American students are mediocre.

55. James Coleman suggests in his earlier writings that school athletics would undermine a school's image.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices markedA． , B．, C． and D．. You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is

a lessconspicuous kind of social upheaval (剧变) underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet andthe way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the firsttime in human history, more than half the world's population was living in towns and cities. And as arecently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come--with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.

As Karen Seto, the lead author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn't just about themigration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger toaccommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversityhotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.

Humans are the ultimate invasive species--when.they move into new territory, they often displace thewildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities--especially in the densetropical forests--carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It's true that as people in developingnations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could inturn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents inthe countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the realdifference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanyingincrease in income--and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, whichin turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of

living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing--but it does carry an environmental price. The urbanization wave can't be stopped--and it shouldn't be. But Seto's paper does underscore theimportance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization's impact onthe environment. "There's an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to thinkabout how we urbanize," says Seto. "One thing that's clear is that we can't build cities the way we haveover the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won't allow that." We're headed towardsan urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56. What issue does the author try to draw people's attention to?

A． The shrinking biodiversity worldwide.

B．The rapid increase of world population.

C． The ongoing global economic recession.

D． The impact of accelerating urbanization.

57. In what sense are humans the ultimate invasive species?

A． They are much greedier than other species.

B．They are a unique species born to conquer.

C． They force other species out of their territories.

D． They have an urge to expand their living space.

58. In what way is urbanization in poor countries good for the environment?

A． More land will be preserved for wildlife.

B．The pressure on farmland will be lessened.

C． Carbon emissions will be considerably reduced.

D． Natural resources will be used more effectively.

59. What does the author say about living comfortably in the city?

A． It incurs a high environmental price.

B．It brings poverty and insecurity to an end.

C． It causes a big change in people's lifestyle.

D． It narrows the gap between city and country.

60. What can be done to minimize the negative impact of urbanization according to Seto?

A． Slowing down the speed of transition.

B．Innovative use of advanced technology.

C． Appropriate management of the process.

D． Enhancing people's sense of responsibility.Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

When Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg launched thefacebook, com in Feb.2004, even he could notimagine the forces it would let loose. His intent was to connect college students. Facebook, which is whatthis website rapidly evolved into, ended up connecting the world.

To the children of this connected era, the world is one giant social network. They are not bound--aswere previous generations of humans--by what they were taught. They are only limited by their curiosityand ambition. During my childhood, all knowledge was local. You learned everything you knew from yourparents, teachers, preachers, and friends.

With the high-quality and timely information at their fingertips, today's children are rising above thefears and biases of their parents. Adults are also participating in this revolution. India's normally tamemiddle class is speaking up against social ills. Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into addingwomen to their boards. Political leaders are marshalling the energy of millions for elections and politicalcauses. All of this is being done with social media technologies that Facebook and its competitors set free.As does every advancing technology, social media has created many new problems. It is commonlyaddictive and creates risks for younger users. Social media is used by extremists in the Middle East andelsewhere to seek and brainwash recruits. And it exposes us and our friends to disagreeable spying. Wemay leave our lights on in the house when we are on vacation, but through social media we tell criminals.

exactly where we are, when we plan to return home, and how to blackmail (敲诈) us.

Governments don't need informers any more. Social media allows government agencies to spy on theirown citizens. We record our thoughts, emotions, likes and dislikes on Facebook; we share our politicalviews, social preferences, and plans. We post intimate photographs of ourselves. No spy agency orcriminal organization could actively gather the type of data that we voluntarily post for them.

The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. Amazon is trying to predict what we will order.Google is trying to judge our needs and wants based on our social-media profiles. We need to be aware ofthe risks and keep working to alleviate the dangers.

Regardless of what social media people use, one thing is certain: we are in a period of acceleratingchange. The next decade will be even more amazing and unpredictable than the last. Just as no one couldpredict what would happen with social media in the last decade, no one can accurately predict where thistechnology will take us. I am optimistic, however, that a connected humanity will find a way to upliftitself.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61. What was the purpose of Facebook when it was first created?

A．To help students connect with the outside world.

B．To bring university students into closer contact.

C． To help students learn to live in a connected era.

D． To combine the world into an integral whole.

62. What difference does social media make to learning?

A． Local knowledge and global knowledge will merge.

B．Students will become more ctirious and ambitious.

C． People are able to learn wherever they travel.

D． Sources of information are greatly expanded.,

63. What is the author's greatest concern with social media technology?

A． Individuals and organizations may use it for evil purposes.

B．Government will find it hard to protect classified information.

C． People may disclose their friends' information unintentionally.

D． People's attention will be easily distracted from their work in hand.

64. What do businesses use social media for?

A． Creating a good corporate image.

B．Anticipating the needs of customers.

C． Conducting large-scale market surveys.

D． Minimizing possible risks and dangers.

65. What does the author think of social media as a whole?

A． It will enable ,human society to advance at a faster pace.

B．It will pose a grave threat to our traditional ways of life.

C． It is bound to bring about another information revolution.

D． It breaks down the final barriers in human communication.

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. Youshould write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

自从1978年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，并经历了经济和社会的快速发展。年均l0％的GDP增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年(millennium)发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。中国现在7％的经济年增长目标表明政府意在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。

2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二)答案详解

PartⅡListening Comprehension

Section A

1. W: Oh, here's a piece of cake and a small coffeefor you, sir. The total is 35 yuan. For here orto go?

M.. To go. I'd like to have them in my car. Thank

you.

Q: Where does this conversation most probably

take Place?

C．【精析】场景推断题。对话中女士说蛋糕和咖啡是给男士的，一共35元，并问男士是在这里吃还是带走；男士回答说带走。由此可知，对话最有可能发生在快餐店。

2. W: Oh, I must have been sitting in the same position

too long. My legs have fallen asleep.

M.. Shake them a little before you get up.

Q.. What does the man suggest the woman do?

B)【精析】请求建议题。对话中女士说她肯定是一个姿势坐得时间太长，腿麻了；男士建议她站起来之前先抖抖腿，也就是让腿伸展一下。

3. W.. It's hard to believe that half the class couldn'tcomplete the three-thousand-meter race, isn't it?

M.. I'm afraid that says something about the students'physical fitness.

O.. What does the man mean?

B．【精析】弦外之音题。对话中女士说很难相信班里有一半学生跑不下来3000米，男士说这恐怕说明了学生的身体素质存在一些问题，也就是说学生的身体素质不太好。所以B)“学生的身体状况不容乐观”是正确答案。

4. W.. Have Lisa and Eric started a family yet?

They've been married for two years now.

M: Eric told me that they postponed having

children until he gets his doctoral degree.Q.. What do we learn about Lisa and Eric?

D．【精析】综合理解题。对话中女士问男士Lisa和

Eric有孩子了吗，并说他们已经结婚两年了；男士回答说Eric告诉他，他们夫妻俩打算在Eric拿到博士学位后再要孩子，所以他们现在没有打算要孩子。

5. W: Hi, John. Haven't seen you for quite a few days.I heard from guys at the gym you've beensick. How are you feeling now?

M.. They must have confused me with my brotherJack. Anyway, he's feeling better now.

Q.. What does the man mean?

A．【精析】推理判断题。对话中女士说她听健身房里的人说男士病了，男士表示健身房里的人一定是把他和他弟弟Jack弄混了，并说Jack的确生病但已经好转了。

6. W.. Excuse me. Will it take me long to get to the

museum that opens to the pt~blic recently?

M.. No, it's no distance at all In fact, I'm goingin the same direction. Come and I'll show youthe way when we get to the crossroads.

Q.. What do we learn from the conversation?

C．【精析】综合理解题。对话中女士询问男士到达最近向公众开放的那个博物馆是否还需要很久，男士回答说不远了，并表示他也要去同样的方向，可以和女士同行到十字路口处，然后指给她看博物馆的位置。由此可见，男士知道博物馆在哪里。

7. M: See that guy over there in the corner. Hecomes in every Friday night around six and hejust sits there for hours.

W: It's odd. But there is not much we can do as long as he orders something to drink.

Q.. What does the woman mean?

A．【精析】弦外之音题。对话中男士说坐在角落的那个家伙每周五晚上六点左右都会来这儿坐几个小时，女士表示她也觉得很奇怪，但是人家点了喝的

东西，他们也不能做什么。言外之意就是他们不能赶客人走。

8. W.. You certainly have a lot of clocks. There seems

to be one in every room.

M.. My family gave them to me because. I have trouble keeping track of time.

Q：What does the man’ｓ family want him to do？

B．【精析】语义理解题。对话中女士说男士有很多钟表，好像每个房间里都有一个；男士表示那些钟表是家人送给他的，因为他总是把握不好时间。由此可知，家人希望他有点时间观念。

Conversation One

M: Watch it, Mary!W.. What's the matter?

M: This is the end of the road. There's a river just beyond those trees.

W.. Another river? I've never seen so many rivers anywhere in my life. Let's go take a look. M.. (9)This river is wide and deep.

W.. (9)Yeah, you're sure right about that. We aren't going to be able to put any ordinary bridge across this

one.

M.. (10)Do we have to get the trucks over to the other side?

W.. (10)That's what they told me.

M: What about a ferry?

W.. That's what we'll have to do if I can't think of anything else, but it'll really slow down the operation.

M.. What about flying the equipment over in a helicopter.

W: We'd have to take the big trucks apart and then put them back together again, slower than a ferry and a lot

more expensive.

M: What're you going to do then?

W: Well, I'm beginning to get an idea. Have you ever heard of a pontoon bridge?

M.. No. What's that?

W.. It's a bridge that's supported on boats. The boats are anchored at regular distances and they carry the

weight of the bridge.

M.. I guess that might work if you have enough boats, but won't it take a long time to build them?W: (11)Maybe we can buy them.

M: (11)Buy them?

W: (11)From some of the native villagers. I've seen some fairly big rowing boats.

M.. I don't know about that? Most of those boats are pretty light.

W.. (11)Yeah, but if we tied up a bunch of them together, they might support a road. Let's find out anyhow.

M: (11)OK.

答案详解

9. What do the speakers say about the river beyondthe trees?

C．【精析】事实细节题。对话中男士说他们面前的这条河又宽又深，女士对此表示同意。

10. What were the speakers told to do?

D．【精析】事实细节题。对话中男士问女士他们俩需不需要把卡车运到河对岸，女士回答说别人的确

11. What do the speakers decide to do finally?

A)【精析】行动计划题。对话中女士想架一座浮桥，因此需要很多的船，于是她想向附近的村民购买；尽

管男士对此持怀疑态度，但女士表示仍然想去找船试一试，最后男士对此表示同意。由此可见，他们最后决定尽可能地找更多的船。

Conversation Two

W: Did your father encourage you to climb Mr. Qomolangma?

M: No. (12)I did ask him to pull some strings so that I could climb with an Indian expedition and he flatly said"No". He climbed so that we wouldn't have to.

W: Did you climb any mountains with him when you were a kid?

M: Mt. Biciroy, a training peak.

W: What did he say at the top?

M: He didn't talk much, but from his smile, I could see he was proud.

W: The Sherpa view of climbing is different from the western view.

M: (13)We Sherpas believe that mountains are places where the gods live, especially Mt. Qomolangrna. Beforewe climb, we perform religious ceremonies to ask god for permission and safe passage. Sherpas don't haveany interest in climbing mountains. Mostly they climb as a necessity to make money, (14)but the westernworld looks at Mt. Qomolangrna as another rock and says, "Wow, this is the highest mountain. Let's goconquer it." You don't conquer Mt. Qomolangrna. You go on Mt. Qomolangma, just as if you are crawlinginto your mother's lap.

W.. Let's talk about the day you reached the summit of Mt. Qomolangma.

M.. My desire to climb Mt. Qomolangrna grew even more after my father died in 1986. I wanted to climb tounderstand him. Throughout the whole climb, I thought about it. (15)On the final day, I felt my fatherwas pulling or pushing me, because I didn't know where this energy came from. When I finally got to thetop, I cried. I could see my dad there with a big smile.

答案详解

12. What did the man ask his father to do?

B)【精析】语义理解题。对话中男士为了能和一个印度远征队一起登山，请求父亲给他帮忙找找关系，换句话说就是他想让父亲帮助他。pull somestrings意为“幕后操纵，暗中控制”。

13. What do we learn about the man's father fromthe conversation?

B．【精析】推理判断题。对话中男士说他们夏尔巴人认为山峰是众神居住的地方，尤其是珠穆朗玛峰。登山之前，他们会举行宗教仪式，请求神的许可以及安全的通行。由此可知，他的父亲有特别的宗教背景。14. How do westerners view mountains according tothe man?

A．【精析】细节推断题。对话中男士提到西方世界把珠穆朗玛峰看作一块岩石，并说它是最高的山，爬山是为了去征服它。故A)“高山就是用来征服的”为正确答案。

15. What does the man say about his climb to the

summit of Mt. Oomolangma?

D．【精析】推理判断题。对话中男士指出在登顶的最后一天，他感觉父亲无形之中在上面拉着他或在下面推着他。由此可见，是他的父亲给了他成功的力量。

Section B

Passage One

(16) There are a few differences in the organization of memorandums and letters. Memorandums and.letters differ somewhat in appearance. "To" and "From" replace a letter's inside address and signature block,for example. Further, letters are usually sent outside the organization, while memorandums are usually internalmessages. As internal messages, memorandums tend to be more informal and more direct than their lettercounterparts. (17)One survey of 800 business people showed they spent from 21 to 38 percent of their timewriting memorandums, there must be a lot

of executives overwhelmed by the number of memorandums theyreceived. As a result, (18)competition for the readers' time places importance on directness and clarity inmemorandums, so perhaps even more so than with letters. Memorandum should start with a statement of thepurpose early in the message. Memorandums also need special visual treatment: keep paragraphs short, muchlike newspaper articles. Computers increasingly aid mid and upper level managers who prepare their ownmemorandums without secretarial help. If you prepare your own correspondence, realize the importance ofdating your messages. Knowing precisely when you recommended, ordered, signed or asked about somethingoften is crucial. Computers often can date information for you easily. (19)Another characteristic that can set

memorandums apart from letters is the inclusion of humor.. When the internal message is light-hearted and__relatively unimportant, humor in a memorandum can distinguish its author as a person with personality anddepth. As long as the humor is on target, does not embarrass others, is not overdone, and is not too frequent,it can reflect positively on its author.

1答案详解

16. How does the speaker start his talk?

C．【精析】细节推断题。短文开篇提到，备忘录和信函在组织结构方面有几处不同，因此，讲话人是从比较备忘录与信函的不同开始讲起的。

17. What did the survey of 800 business people show?

D．【精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，一个800人参与的调查显示商业人士花21％到38％的时间书写备忘录，故D．“他们花很多时间写备忘录”为正确答案。

18. What does the speaker say is most important inmemorandum writing?

B．【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到阅读备忘录的人时间紧，因此备忘录书写直接而明晰是非常重要的。所以讲话者认为“直接而且明晰”是书写备忘录最重要的注意事项。

19. What characteristic of a memorandum can makereaders think highly of its writer?

A．【精析】语义理解题。短文最后提到，用诙谐的语言书写备忘录是备忘录区别于信函的另一个特点。同时也提到只要幽默使用得当、不过分、不太频繁，就会给书写者加分。

Passage Two

At school and at work, I have noticed that people have different kinds of work habits. Some people are

collaborators, who like to work in groups. They find that doing a project with someone else makes the job morepleasant and the load lighter. (20)Collaborators never work alone unless they are forced to. A second categoryI had noticed is the advice-seeker. An advice-seeker does the bulk of her work alone, but frequently looks toothers for advice. When this worker has raised a crucial point in her project, she may show it to a classmate ora co-worker just to get another opinion.

(21)Getting the advice of others makes this worker feel secure abouther project as it takes shape. Another type of worker I have noticed is the slacker. (22)A slacker tries to avoidwork whenever possible. If he seems to be busy at the computer, he is probably playing a game online. And ifhe is writing busily, he's probably making his grocery list. Slackers will do anything except the work they arepaid to do. The final type of worker is the loner. This type of worker prefers working alone. (21)This type ofworker has confidence in his ability, and is likely to feel that collaboration is a waste of time. (20)Loners workwith others only when they are forced to. Collaborators, advice-seekers, slackers and loners have differentwork styles, but each knows the work habits that help him or her to get the job done.

20. What do collaborators and loners have in common?

D．【精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，如果不被强迫，协同工作者就不会单独工作；同时也提到了单独工作者如果不被强迫，他们不会与他人合作，故D．“除非被强迫，否则他们不会改变工作习惯”是两者的共同之处。

21. In what aspect does an advice-seeker differ greatly

from a loner?

B．【精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，寻求建议者需要向其他人寻求建议，这样才能在工作中有安全感，也就是说他们缺乏工作中的自信；而单独工作者对于自己的能力充满信心。由此可见，两者在自信方面有很大的不同。

22. What do we learn about slackers?

B．【精析】事实细节题。短文中明确提到，偷懒者只要有可能就会尽量逃避工作。．

Passage Three

Before the Civil War, if you were black and born a free man, you could still be forced into slavery. That'swhat happened to Solomon Northup. Northup was born a free man in Minerva, New York in 1808. He was acarpenter and talented drummer. In 1834, he and his wife moved to Saratoga Springs, New York, where theyhad three children. (23)In 1841, Northup met two men who claimed to be from a circus. Because he neededthe money, Northup agreed to join them as a drummer in Washington D.C. Once they reached Washington,however, the men drugged, chained, robbed, and sold him to a slave trader. Northup was shipped south toNew Orleans along with other slaves, where he was sold in a slave market. He spent the next twelve years as aslave, working for three masters. Northup worked hard and endured much cruelty, but he was always lookingfor the chance to escape 0r contact his family and friends in New York. (24)Finally in 1852, Northupbefriended Samuel Bass, a Canadian carpenter. With his help, Northup sent a letter to his friends in NewYork. Through the help of his friends, he regained his freedom in 1853. Northup returned to New York,~

where he was finally reunited with his family. Northup has many descendants, who gathered together in

Saratoga Springs on July 24,1999, for a tribute to their ancestor. (25)The town of Saratoga Springs declared July 24Solomon Northup Day to remember the suffering of Northup and other African-Americans who lived as slaves.

答案详解

23. What happened to Solomon Northup in 18417

D．【精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，l841年，Northup遇到两个自称是马戏团的人，他为了挣钱便同意加入华盛顿的马戏团做一名鼓手。但当他到华盛顿之后，这两个人却用药把他迷晕捆了起来，并抢了他的钱，把他卖给了一个奴隶贩子。由此可见，他被迫成了奴隶。

24. Who helped Northup regain contact with hisfriends?

A．【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到，Northup结交了一个加拿大木匠，在他的帮助下，Northup给他在纽约的朋友寄了一封信，因此是一个木匠帮Northup联系上了他的朋友。

25. What did the town of Saratoga Springs do?

【精析】事实细节题。短文最后明确提到，小镇Saratoga Springs宣布7月24日为SolomonNorthup Day“所C．

罗门·诺萨普Et”，以纪念Northup和其他非裔美国黑人奴隶遭受的苦难。

Section C

26. manifests

【精析】句意推断题。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该填人一个动词或动词词组作句子的谓语。结合录音填入manifests，意为“显示，表明”。

27. discrimination

【精析】并列关系题。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该填入一个名词与空格前面的三个名词hatred，stereotypes，prejudice并列。结合录音填入discrimination，意为“歧视”。

28. uninformed

【精析】习惯搭配题。此空前面为动词be，后面是介词about，由此推测空格处应该填入一个形容词或动词的过去分词构成某个固定词组。结合录音填入uninformed，be uninformed about意为“对……一无所知”。

29. dating back to

【精析】语义推断题。此空所在的这句话逗号之前l是一个完整的句子，逗号后面没有连词，故判断逗I 号之后的部分不是句子，而应该是分词结构。结l合录音填入dating back t0，意为“追溯到……”。 l 30. imitating

【精析】句意推断题。此空前面intolerant folksgrew up已经构成了完整的句子，而空格后面又是

一个名词短语，故推测该空格应该填入一个分词表伴随。结合录音可知答案为imitatin9，意为“模仿，效仿”。

31. generations

【精析】固定搭配题。此空前面有解题关键词continued for，其后通常接一个时间段。结合录音填入9enerations，意为“一代代”。

32. conform to

【精析】语义推断题。此空前面是情态动词的否定形式，故需要填入动词原形或动词原形词组与might not 一起作that引导的定语从句的谓语。结合录音填入conform t0，意为“与……相符”。

33. exposed

【精析】句意推断题。此空前面有have been，故推测此空格处应该填入一个形容词或动词的分词形式。结合录音填入exposed，be exposed t0意为“接触，被暴露于”。

34. entitled to

【精析】语义推断题。此空前面是动词are，后面是名词，故推测are应该是作为助动词与动词的现在分词或过去分词构成现在进行时或者被动，而不是系动词。结合录音填入entitled t0，beentitled t0意为“有资格做”。

35. knowledgeable

【精析】修饰关系题。此空后面是一个名词，是句子的主语，故空格处应该填入一个形容词或名词

修饰其后的名词dissenters。结合录音填入knowledgeable，意为“有见识的，博学的”。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension

Section A

威尔士王子(即英国查尔斯王子)并没有如人们所预想的那样总是受到他未来国民的尊重。当这位英国王位继承者在1986年告诉一位电视台记者他曾为了促进他的乡间别墅海格洛夫庄园里的植物生长而跟它们说话时，大家都捧腹大笑。王子当时是在表现他的幽默——“我的幽默感总有一天会让我陷入麻烦，”他对他的随从如是说一但是听查尔斯·温莎(即查尔斯王子)说话确实使人兴奋。这位皇家环保人士在他成年后的大部分时间里一直在提倡一些激进的观点。王子的某些观点过去听上去有点奇怪，但只是有点超前于他们的时代罢了。时至今日，全世界似乎终于跟上了他的脚步。

以他在农业方面的观点为例。查尔斯王子的“公爵之家牧场”最初可追溯到1986年。在那时候，对于超市里那些堆得很高的无瑕疵的令人生疑的蔬菜和大得反常的鸡，大部分人只关注贴在上面的低价标签。他对气候变化的警告也被证实是有远见的。查尔斯在1990年就开始敦促采取措施应对全球变暖，并说他从青少年时就开始担心人类对环境的影响。

尽管他已经渐渐地在国际上被公认为世界最主要的环保人士之一，但很多英国人仍然认为他是一个和植物说话的古怪的人。碰巧，今年韩国科学家证明了植物的确会对声音有反应。因此，查尔斯在这方面又一次领先了。

答案详解

36．【考点】名词辨析题。

M．【精析】由空格前的the British可知，空格处应填一个名词。第一句提到威尔士王子的事例，因此该句中the heir to the British后的内容应该与王位有关。名词选项中只有throne有此含义，故选throne“王位”。

37．【考点】名词辨析题。

C．【精析】由空格前的The royal和空格后的hasbeen可知，空格处应填单数名词。再由句中的hisadult life可知，填入的名词应该指人。备选名词中只有environmentalist“环保人士”符合题意，故为答案。38．【考点】名词辨析题。

F．【精析】空格位于his后，且后面的非限制性定语从句which once sounded a bit weird的意思是“听上去有点古怪”，再结合本段中提到的这位王子的事例可知，该处名词指的是言行或观点，故选notions“观点”。

39．【考点】副词辨析题。

H)【精析】空格位于went和back之间，且句子基本结构完整，故空格处应该填副词。此处意思是查尔斯王子的“公爵之家牧场”__________可追溯到1986年，副词0riginally表示“最初”的含义，符合句意，故为答案。

40．【考点】副词辨析题。

N)【精析】分析句子结构可知，空格前的and连接了两个并列的名词短语，第一个名词短语为“副词+形容词+名词”结构，第二个名词短语为“+形容词+名词”结构，故空格处应填一个副词，修饰形容词large，且该副词应与suspiciously一样具有否定含义。备选副词中，unnaturally“反常地”符合句意，故为答案。

41．【考点】动词辨析题。

Ｏ)【精析】空格前为began，后为名词action，故推测空格处应为动名词。根据后半句句意，他担心人类对环境的__________，可见他对环境问题十分关注，因此选择urgin9“敦促”，在此处表示敦促采取措施应对全球变暖。

42．【考点】名词辨析题。

E．【精析】空格位于定冠词the和of man之问，故空格处应填名词，且该名词能和后面的介词0n搭配。备选项中，只有impact“影响”符合句意，故为答案。

43．【考点】名词辨析题。

I．【精析】空格位于international之后，且作gained的宾语，故为名词。空格后的as one of theworld’S leading conservationists“作为世界最主要的环保人士之一”是一种高度评价。备选名词中只有recognition“赏识”符合句意，故为答案。

44．【考点】形容词辨析题。

B．【精析】空格位于an和person之间，故空格处应填形容词，且该词以元音音素开头。空格所在主句表示很多英国人仍然视他为一个跟植物说话的__________人。备选形容词中，0rganic“有机的”通常不用于修饰人，eccentric“古怪的”符合句意，故为答案。

45．【考点】动词辨析题。

J．【精析】空格前为表示强调的助动词d0，后为tosound，故空格处应填动词原形，且能和t0构成搭配。结合本段中提到的王子对植物说话的事例以及此处句意“韩国科学家证明了植物的确会对声音__________”可知，respond“作出反应，回应”符合句意，故为答案。

Section B

参考译文

高中教育并没有扼杀学业

A)在本月《大西洋》杂志的封面文章《反对高中体育的案例》中，Amanda Ripley提出，学校组织的体育活

动应该大幅度削减。(54)她写道，与大多数在国际评估中超越美国的国家不同，美国的学校太过重视体育运动。“体育深深地融入了美国学校生活中，几乎其他任何地方都不是这样的，”她写道，“然而，国内在探讨美国教育在国际上的平庸表现时却几乎从未提到这一点区别。”

B．她认为，美国的学生运动员可以从参加体育运动中获得很多好处，但是对于学校而言却是弊大于利。特别是，Ripley认为，体育排挤了学校的教学使命，(47)美国应该效仿韩国、芬兰及其他任何一个在国际考试中成绩排名靠前的国家，这些国家的学校对体育的重视都远远不及美国。她引用2010年一项发表在《高级学术杂志》上的研究写道，“即使在八年级，美国孩子花在体育运动上的时间也是同阶段韩国孩子的两倍多。”

C．相比其他国家，体育在美国的高中学校更加根深蒂固，这很可能是事实。但是，我们对于国际考试分数的解读并不能为反对开展学校体育运动找到依据。事实上，我们自己和其他人的研究都指向相反的结论。学校组织的体育活动所带来的好处似乎有利而不是有损学业成就。

D．Ripley和许多人一样痴迷于比较国际考试成绩，比较结果显示美国和其他国家之间的差距大得骇人。(48)然而，她忽视了一个事实：各州之间在考试分数方面的差异至少和发达国家之间在考试分数方面的差异一样大。哈佛大学2011年的一份报告显示，马萨诸塞州在数学方面的成绩与韩国和芬兰不相上下，而密西西比州的成绩则与特立尼达和多巴哥的更相近。根据这一事实，Ripley关于体育的观点并不能成立。马萨诸塞州的学校开展各种体育项目，而芬兰的学校则没有。密西西比州的学校可能热衷橄榄球，而多巴哥却一点也不流行校际体育。成绩表现上的相似无法用体育来解释。同样地，国家间成绩的差异也无法用体育来解释。

E． (51)如果体育真的不利于美国学校完成教学任务，那么我们应该发现体育投入与学业成就之间是负相关的。然而，阿肯色大学的Daniel Bowen和Jay Greene却发现事实与此相反。他们是通过分析俄亥俄州所有公立高中五年之中学校体育比赛的胜出比例以及学生体育参与率，并将其与毕业率和标准化考试成绩进行比较来研究上述关联的。控制学生贫困程度、人口统计状况和区域财政资源这些因素后发现，对学校体育投入的两项测评都与更低的辍学率和更高的考试成绩呈显著正向关联。

F．赛场的成功与体育运动的高参与率并不是偶然实现的——它要求对体育的关注与投入。人们可能认为这会导致学校执着于获胜而忽视了教学。但Bowen和Greene的研究结果却反驳了这一观点。对于这个似乎与直觉相反的结果的一个可能的解释是在体育活动中的成功实际上有助于促进或反映出学校在本社区内有更充裕的社会资本。

G．Ripley引用了在教育研究中占据开拓性地位的著名社会学家James Coleman的著作。(55)Coleman在其早期的著作中对体育持蔑视态度，认为体育排挤了学校的教学使命。Ripley引用了他l961年的一个研究——《青少年社会》。在这个研究中，Coleman写道：“总之，奖品陈列柜会让不知情的来访者认为他正在进入一个体育俱乐部，而不是一个教育机构。”

H．(50)然而，在后期的研究中，Coleman揭示了学校的成功高度依赖于他所谓的“社会资本”，即“规范、社会关系网以及成人与孩子间的关系(这些关系对于一个孩子的成长是非常有价值的)”。

I) (53)根据芝加哥大学犯罪研究实验室2013年进行的一项评估，一个名为“成为一个男人——运动版”的活动持续改善了男孩的学习习惯和平均成绩。在活动的第一年中，学生们更少转学或参与暴力犯罪。活动开展一年后，参与者也更少触犯少年司法制度。

J．如果将来完全取消学校组织的体育活动，许多美国学生仍有机会在其他地方参加有组织的体育活动，就像在其他一些国家如芬兰、德国和韩国一样。而对于那些背景较差的学生而言，结果就不一定了。在一个对非学校组织的课后活动的研究回顾中，研究者发现背景较差的学生在这些活动中的参与度明显较低。

(46)他们发现，低收人家庭的学生由于交通、不菲的费用和校园外的安全问题等方面的限制，参与校外体育活动的机会较少。因此，减少或取消这些机会将很有可能会剥夺背景较差的学生从参与体育活动中受益的机会，更重要的是剥夺了他们在日常课业时间以外与正面典范人物互动的机会。

K．(49)Ripley另一个无稽的批评是援引“体育教练通常都是蹩脚的教师”这一成见。“与世界上大多数地方的校长不同，美国校长在作出聘用决定的时候心里总是惦记着他们的体育团队，而这对学生来说并不总

是好的。”她写道。这种观点认为，一个以当教练为主要目的来应聘的教育者可能会推卸其教学责任。此外，即使在应聘者坚持教学第一、教练第二的情况下，教练的附加责任也可能会占用原本可以用来备课、评分及与家长和监护人交流的时间。

L．然而，研究数据似乎并没有证实这个成见。(52)在一个关于高中体育教练课堂教学效果的很严格的研究中，阿肯色大学的Anna Egalite发现，在提高学生考试分数方面，佛罗里达州的体育教练往往与他们不担任教练的一些同事表现得一样好。我们确信同时担任教练的老师的确面临艰难的权衡，这可能会牺牲他们原本可以用于教学的时间。但是，通过体育活动，教练获得了额外的机会与学生交流并指导他们，这可能有助于学生成功并弥补教师担任教练所造成的损失。

M．如果学校允许学生运动员因外出参加体育比赛而经常缺课，这是不好的。然而，这类问题可以通过改变学校和州关于体育赛事安排的政策而得到更好的解决，而不用彻底取消体育活动。如果要说这个基于经验的证据说明了什么，那它说明的就是学校组织的体育活动所带来的益处是值得为之付出代价的。

N．尽管人们对体育文化有负面的成见，Ripley也认定教学与体育相冲突，我们还是认为更多的证据表明学校组织的体育活动看来有益于学生。赛场上的胜利会延续到课堂上，反之亦然。更重要的是，找到方法增加学校社区的社会资本不仅对运动员，而且对学校的整体成功都是十分重要的。

答案详解

46．【定位】由题干中的low．income和off．campus定位到J)段第四句。

J．【精析】细节推断题。由定位句可知，研究者发现，由于交通、不菲的费用和校园外的安全问题等方面的限制，低收入家庭的学生参与校外体育活动的机会较少。题干中的low．income，have lessaccess及off．campus都可与定位句中的词句对应，故答案为J)。

47．【定位】由题干中的learn from，internationaltests和emphasis定位到B)段第二句。

B．【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，美国应该效仿韩国、芬兰及其他任何一个在国际考试中成绩排名靠前的国家，这些国家的学校对体育的重视都远远不及美国。题干中的other countries thatrank high in international tests是对定位句中的South Korea and Finland and every other countryat the top level of international test scores的同义转述，题干中的lay less emphasis on athletics是对定位句中的emphasize athletics far less的同义转述，故答案为B．。

48．【定位】由题干中的fails to note，varies和state定位到D．段第二句。

D．【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，她忽视了一个事实：各州之间在考试分数方面的差异至少和发达国家之间在考试分数方面的差异一样大。题干中的fails to note是对定位句中的ignores的同义转述，故答案为D．。

49．【定位】由题干中的athletic coaches，are poor at和classroom定位到K)段第一句。

K．【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，Ripley另一个．无稽的批评是援引“体育教练通常都是蹩脚的教师”这一成见。题干中的are poor at对应定位句中的are typically lousy，故答案为K．。

50．【定位】由题干中．的James Coleman’S，laterresearch和social capital定位到H段。

H．【精析】细节推断题。定位段指出，在后期的研究中，Coleman揭示了学校的成功高度依赖于他所谓的“社会资本”，并且分析指出了所谓“社会资本”的具体内涵。题干与定位句意思一致，故答案为H)。51．【定位】由题干中的commitment to athletics和academic achievements定位到E．段第一句。E．【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到，如果体育真的不利于美国学校完成教学任务，那么我们应该发现体育投入与学业成就之间是负相关的。但第二句指出，阿肯色大学的Daniel Bowen和Jay Greene却发现事实与此相反。也就是说，体育投入的多少与教学成就的大小是呈正比的，即呈正相关的关系。题于是对E)段第一、二句的总结归纳，故答案为E．。

52．【定位】由题干中的A rigorous study，athleticcoaches和raising students’test scores定位到L．段第二句。

L．【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，在一个关于高中体育教练课堂教学效果的很严格的研究中，阿肯色大学的Anna Egalite发现，在提高学生考试分数方面，佛罗里达州的体育教练往往与他们不担任教练的一

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