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Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide

between the well-education well off and the unskilled poor. Rapid tech nological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squ eezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individual and soci ety, are profound.

在发达国家，受过良好教育的人工作的年限比那些没有什么技能的人的越来越长。有65％的年龄在62到74岁的拥有专业学位的美国男性还在工作，而只有高中学历的只有32％的仍然在工作.这进一步拉大了受过良好教育的富人和没有任何技能的穷人之间的差距。随着科技的发展，那些有着高级技能的人的收入上升了，而那些没技能的人的收入却被压榨了。这种结果值得个人和社会深思。

The world is facing as astonishing rise in the number of old people, an d they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the glob al population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 mi llion to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater lo ngevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more

发达国家正面临着这样的情况：老年人口剧增，而且寿命会比以往还要长。在接下来的20年里，全球年龄在65岁的人口数量会增加甚至会是之前的两倍，将会从6亿增到11亿。

The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create go vernment budget problem。

寿命的延长演变成了退休年份的延长，而不是工作年份的延长，20世纪的经验告诉很多观察者:这一转变将会减缓经济发展的步伐，领养老金的队伍日益膨胀，这将给政府的财政预算带来麻烦。

But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the i dle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and th e unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled peo ple, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most ex treme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people h ave dropped out of the workforce.

勤勤恳恳的青年人和懒懒散散的老年人之间鲜明的对比的观念遗漏了一种新趋势：有技能的人和没技能的人之间的差距越来越大。没技

能的人就业越来越难，而有技能的老点的人退休年龄越来越大。这种分裂现象在美国尤为突出。在二战后生育高峰期出生受到了良好教育的美国人的退休期在延迟，而那些没什么技能的年轻人却已失业。That even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retire ment. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has ris en sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age

because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shif t: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity. Do not necessarily decline with age.

有技能的人必须工作更久，但是退休后生活会很舒适。但是如果工作性质改变了那就要出大事了。受教育程度高的人薪资涨得很快，直到他们老了那天都会获得获得丰厚的奖励，因为现在受过教育的老年人比以往的老年人更能为企业带来效益。科技的变化或许能够很好地说明这一转化：人们从学习管理诀窍到发展自己的创造力来补充计算机没有的技能。这些技能不会随着年龄的增长而削弱对其的要求。56、what is happening in the workforce in rich countries? 发达国家的劳动力发生了什么？（B）

A.younger people are replacing the elderly

年轻人渐渐替代老年人

B.well-educated people tend to work longer

受到良好教育的人工作年限会越来越长

C.unemployment rates are rising year after year

就业率在逐年上升

D.people with no college degree do not easily find work

没上过大学的人不易就业

57、what has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and poor?是什么拉大了富人与穷人之间的差距?（B）

A. Longer life expectancies

人们的预期寿命越来越长

B. Profound changes in the workforce

劳动力发生了巨大变化

C. rapid technological advance

科技的日益发展

D． A growing number of well-graduated.

受到良好教育的人越来越多

58、what do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?

鉴于20世纪的经验，很多观察者预测的是什么？（A）

A.Economic growth will slow down.

经济发展的速度将会变慢

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4817592872.html,ernment budgets will increase.

政府预算会增加

C.More people will try to pursue higher education

追求高学历的人会越来越多

D.There will be more competition in the job market.

就业的竞争会越来越激烈

59、What is the result of policy changes in European countries?欧洲国家政策变化的结果是什么？(C)

A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.

没技能的人会选择提前退休

B. more people have to receive in-service training.

接受在职培训的人会越来越多

C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.即便是富人也必须要多工作几年，以便退休后生活舒适

D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans人们也许不能够享受养老金计划带来的养老固定收益

60、What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?

21世纪的工作特点是什么？（D）

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4817592872.html,puters will do more complicated work.

电脑会做更复杂的工作

B.More will be taken by the educated young.

很多人会被受过教育的年轻人取代

C.Most jobs to be done will be creative ones.

很多工作需要有创造能力的人来完成

D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.

技能受到高度重视，不论年龄大小

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