工程硕士研究生英语基础教程学生用书翻译部分

Unit 8

1、最近，我有一个朋友辞去了他公司里的那份工资高但要求也高的工作。（quit）

One friend of mine has decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company rec ently.

2、她以烹饪美食为乐。(take delight (in) doing sth.) She takes delight (in) cooking lovely meals.

3、她要查寻是否给她预定了房间。(reserve for)

She wanted to check if there was a room reserved for her.

4、当你打开立体图书，你肯定会打吃一惊。(be in for)

When you open the pop-up book, you’re in for a big surprise.

5、他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。(interest)

His two great interests in life are music and painting.

6、婚礼以后，我们就回到中国去，因为我们在那里工作，并且打算在那里生活。(wedding) After the wedding we’ll be returning to China, where we work and plan to live.

7、他们都饿了，因而感到饭菜喷香。(smell)

They were all hungry and the food smelt good.

8、树越高，风越大。(the…the…)

The higher the tree, the stronger the wind.

9、他的妻子开玩笑说跟他结婚的是他的工作。（marry）workaholic 工作狂

His wife joked that he was married to his work.

10、这本书还到图书馆时，缺了12页。(missing)

When the book was returned to the library, it had 12 pages missing.

(1)As I left in a big hurry, I forgot to bring the textbook with me.

(2)If you can keep the room clean and tidy, we will let you use it.

(3)She accepted the invitation even though she didn’t really want to attend the party.

(4)So long as we don’t lose heart, we will be able to find the way to solve the problem.

(5)I don’t know what decisions were made at the conference because our representative hasn’t reported to me yet.

Unit 9

1. 很可能她把这事全忘了。(more likely than not)

More likely than not, she’s forgotten all about it.

2. 这意味着我们实际上没有可能按时完成。(effectively)

This means that effectively we have no chance of finishing it on time.

3. 他的第一部小说不算太好也不算太糟，就是一般水平

His first was not particularly good or bad, just average.

4. 谈到现代爵士乐，没几个人比汤姆知道得更多。

(when it comes to) When it comes to modern jazz, very few people know more than Tom.

5．这项研究的重要性在于它证实了A与B之间存在联系。(in that)

The research is important in that it confirms the existence of a relationship between A and B.

6.尽管以前我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去。（regardless of）

7.We will persevere regardless of past failures.

7. 考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。（motivate）

Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge.

8、成功的领导者是事先控制事件而不是事后才作出反应。（dominate）

Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.

9、他必须将重担从一肩移至另一肩。（shift）

He had to shift the vast burden from one shoulder to the other.

10、科技力量上的优势帮助这家公司战胜所有对手。（superiority）

The superiority in science and technology helps this company defeat all its rivals.

(1)we appreciate the confidence you have placed in our company.

(2)A government is to execute the decisions of the ruling party.

(3)We inform you that, on and after this data,our business will be carried on in the name of Young Young Cosmetics Co.

(4)We inform you that on the 1st of the coming month, we establish in this city a department store under the name of Sapphire Dept. Store.

(5)We inform you that in consequence of the increase of our business, we have been obliged to occupy larger premises, and that we have moved to 15 Litang Road, Beijing.

Unit 10

1．文化交往有助于相互理解。(make for)

Cultural exchanges make for mutual understanding.

2．当三家公司都决定要她的时候，她知道自己已经成功了。(make it)

When three companies wanted to hire her, she knew that she had made it.

3．这个男孩抓住那矮树，直到有人爬下悬崖去救他。(hold on to)

The boy held on to the bush until someone climbed down the cliff to rescue him. \

4．经济学家认为没有进步的原因是合作不好。(attribute to)

Economists attributed the lack of progress to poor cooperation.

5．在那时，没有受过大学教育就能找到一个体面的工作还是可能的。(decent)

At that time, it was still possible to land a decent job without a college education.

6．前院布满了保安人员。(crawl with)

The forecourt was crawling with security men.

7．我巳经听说了你们两个正在策划的那个大阴谋。(hatch)

I've heard about the grand plot that you two are hatching.

8．他的回答听起来总是很正确。（ring) His answers often ring true.

9．令人吃惊的是他炒股发了财。(pick stock)

It is surprising that he made a fortune by picking stocks.

10. 这些人仍然在做着使他们成功的各种事情。（lead to)

These people are still doing whatever it was that led to their success.

Unit 11

1、我被这个问题卡住了，算不出结果。（stuck）

I am struck on this problem: I can’t figure it out.

2、我的毛衣洗过之后缩水了。（shrink） My wool sweater shrank after I washed it.

3、乘公共汽车、坐地铁或驾车都可以到达歌剧院。（accessible）

The opera house is accessible by bus, subway or car.

4、局势很不稳定，暴乱者有可能试图推翻政府。（volatile）

The situation is very volatile; rioters may try to overthrow the government. Riot 骚乱

5、汽车电话是20世纪80年代的创新，但是现在他们已经很普遍了。（innovation）

Car telephones were an innovation in the l980s, but now they are very common.

6、与会者免去通常的礼节，立即开始谈判。（innovation）

The participants in the meeting dispensed with the usual formalities and started negotiating immed

iately.

7、乌云促使我们在下雨之前更快地工作（spur）

The dark clouds spurred us to work faster before the rain started.

8、到华盛顿后，那个参议员对政治运作的真正规律有了深刻的了解（insight）

By moving to Washington D. C. the senator gained an insight into how politics realIy work.

9、院长深知需要更多的医生和护士的急迫性。（acutely）

The president is acutely conscious of the need for more doctors and nurses.

10、在伊文斯先生念成绩单时，我们都屏住了呼吸。（hold one’s breath）

We held our breath while Mr. Evens read the exam results.

11.Only in this way can we meet the expectations of people.

Hardly had he arrived at the railway station when the train left

Tom was late for class, so was John

Young as I am, I know some of the family secrets.

Had I been on the spot, I would have helped you.

(1) She has quitted her job, hasn't she? (2) He dare speak out his mind, daren't he? (3)Let’s start to work immediately, sha11 We? (4) Pass me that cup of tea, will you?

(5) He hardly comes home, does he?

Unit 12

1、你需要积极的态度才能找到合适的工作。（positive）

You need a positive attitude to find the right job.

2、这一件事情的动机是种族歧视。（motive）

The motive for this event is racial discrimination.

3、有时心理上的伤害比身体更糟。（psychological）

Sometimes psychological abuse is worse than physical abuse.

4、价格下调是由于供应商之间的竞争引起的。（competition）

The price reduction in due to competition among suppliers.

5、这种洗发水自称能给头发带来光泽。（shine）

This shampoo says it will add shine to your hair.

(1)If I had time, I would go to the movies with you.

(2) But for your help, they couldn't have succeeded.

(3)He insisted that our laboratory reports ( should) be handed in the day after the experiments was done. (4) I wish he would forgive me.

(5) If only he had known our telephone number.

(6) It's high time that he stopped smoking.

(7) It's necessary that we ( should) set out at once.

(8) If you hadn't watched that movie last night, you wouldn't be dozy now.

(9) He looks as if he knew all about it. (10) I'd rather you left tomorrow.

Unit 13

1、事实正好相反。（opposite）The opposite is true.

2、略加思索就很清楚了。（reflection） A moment's reflection should make this obvious.

3、我认为你该给我一个解释。（owe） I think you owe me an explanation.

4、他们花了两个小时才控制住火势。 It took them two hours to bring/ get the fire under control.

5、大部分夫妻都会同意，要想婚姻成功，双方都需要努力。（work at）

Most couples would agree that for a marriage to succeed, both parties have to work at it.

6、吸烟和肺癌之间的关系很大。（high correlation）

There's a high correlation between smoking and lung cancer.

7、这家公司主攻欧洲市场。（concentrate on）

This firm concentrates on the European market.

8、你们今天早上的会议得出了什么结论吗？（draw a conclusion）

Did you draw/ come to /reach any conclusions at the meeting this morning?

9、他从不谈起家人，你不觉得奇怪吗？（strike as）

Doesn't it strike you as rather odd/ strange that he never talks about his family?

10、他越是称自己无辜，他们视乎越不相信他。（The more…the less）

The more he insisted he was innocent, the less they seemed to believe him.

（1）他说：“我是1970年出生，并于1990年参军”。

He said, "I was born in 1970, and joined the army in 1990. "

（2）他承认这的确是他的错

He admitted that it was really his fault.

（3）他问我们能否为他安排参观那所中学。

He asked whether we could arrange a visit for him to that middle school.

（4）他告诉我们：“去年我在5月份访问了美国”

He told us, "I visited the USA last May.”

（5）她说上一年那里建立了一所新的医院。

He said that a hospital was built there the year before.

（6）他问我明天什么时间开会。

He asked me when we would have a meeting the next day.

（7）他问道：“你们是什么时间完成的这项工作？”

He asked, "When did you finish your work?"

（8）他让我明天同他一道吃饭。

He asked me to have lunch with him the next day.

（9）他问道：“哪条路去机场最近”

He asked, "Which is the shortest way to the airport?"

（10）他们告诉我，他们没有参加昨天的讲座。

They told me that they didn't attend yesterday's lecture.

Unit 14

1、因特网使人们更方便地获取各种信息。（access to）

Internet now helps people have an easier access to all kinds of information.

2、话语电脑一旦出现，书面语言就面临被取代的危险。（risk，replace）

Once the talking computers appear, written language will face the risk of being replaced by it。3、这完全是胡说。（nothing less than）

It is nothing less than nonsense.

4、我们本应该在去年年底完成那个项目。（completed，project）

We should have completed that project at the end of last year.

5、人类应该不断超越自己的极限。（transcend） Humans should always transcend their limits.

6、在可怕的饥荒时代，我需要的是面包而从来不是时间。（lack for）

In the terrible age of famine, I lacked for bread but never for time.

7、偶尔回顾过去有助于展望外来。（perspective）

It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the present.

8、这个律师免费承办那个案件。（undertake）

The lawyer undertook the case without a fee.

9、这个古老的礼堂内举行过许多次典礼。（witness）

This old auditorium has witnessed many ceremonies.

10、你应永远履行你的诺言。（perform）

You should always perform what you promise.

Unit 15

1、他们认为价格要上涨。（assume）

They assumed that prices would rise.

2、这个购物中心出售许多种商品。（a variety of）

The shopping-centre sells a variety of goods.

3、他们仅能大致估计出人群的规模。（estimate）

They could roughly estimate the size of the crowd.

4、史密斯先生被选为议员的可能性不大。（prospect）

There's not much prospect of Mr. Smith’s being elected as Congressman.

5、一个人失去了健康是不可能弥补的。（compensate）

Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health.

6、我立即认出了那件外套，它是我兄弟的。（identify）

I identified the jacket at once; it was my brother’s.

1．显然，他没有努力学习。(obviously) Obviously, he didn't study hard.

2．确切地说，他们5点钟到达那里。(to be exact)

To be exact, they will arrive there at 5.

3．由于这一原因，他无法参加会议。(for this reason)

For this reason, he could not attend the meeting.

4．无论如何，这个计划要做修改。(in any case)

In any case, this plan has to be revised.

5．首先，让我们复习一下第十课。(to begin with)

To begin with, let's review Lesson Ten.

6．就此而论，计算机不能完全替代人。(as far as it goes)

As far as it goes, computers can not replace man completely.

7．一般来说，一周可以记住30个单词。(generally speaking)

8．Generally speaking, one can memorize 30 new words a week.

8．同样，你也可以承担这项工作。(similarly) Similarly, you can take this job, too.

9．正如大家所看到的那样，这条河已被严重污染了。(as everyone sees)

This river, as everyone sees, has been seriously polluted.

10.简言之，这本书对考试是很有用的。To be brief, this book is very useful for the examination.

工程硕士 研究生英语基础教程课后习题 Unit1-15 汉译英全部 精校版

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程(汉译英Unit1-15) Unit 1 B. 1. 她计划自己创业。 She plans to set up her own business 2. 态度也很重要。 Attitude also matters. 3. 她在客人们到达之前把所有家具都擦亮了. She had polished all the furniture before the gusts arrived. 4. 有些经理不知道如何与人打交道handle Some managers have no idea how to handle people. 5.我们完成那项工程的时间打破了记录(record) We finished the work in record time. 6. 她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。She likes everything to be in place before she starts working. 7. 她常常一天工作12小时。（put in） She often puts in 12 hours’ work a day. 8. 他是从报纸上得到这一信息的.（acquire） He acquired the information from the newspapers. 9. 我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺. ( Associate professor 副教授lecturer 讲师) There’s an opening for an assistant in our department. 10. 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊. The organization works to promote friendship between nations. Unit2 B. 1. 今晚她很可能给我打电话。（likely） She is very likely to ring me tonight. 2. 我看不懂这篇文章（beyond） Understanding this article is beyond my capacity. 3. 新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新（transform） A fresh coat of paint can transform a room. 4. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。（result in） Acting before thinking always results in failure. 5. 他估计那项工作需要三个月。（estimate） He estimated that the work would take three months. 6. 我们相信这个协议将会积极地促进两国之间的贸易。 We believe that this agreement will positively promote the trade between our two countries. 7. 新机场必将推动这个地区的旅行业。 The new airport will certainly push ahead the tourism in this region. 8. 网络经济将对人们的生活产生重要的影响。 Net economy will have significant influence on the people’s life. 9. 在昨天的会议上，他提出了一个新的经济发展计划。 At the yesterday’s meeting, he brought forward a new plan for the economic development.

液压马达外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

外文资料 In recent years, the hydraulic motor with brachytely and big torsional moment has great changes, the new structure continuously appears. But, all these hydraulic motors can be divided into two broad categories of single and multi-role according to the role of the number of plunger in each turn. The motors also can be divided into radial and horizontal direction according to the arrangement of the plunger. And the radial motors can be divided into different types according to structure and the summon power way of the plunger. No matter single and multi-role, the plug-hole of radial-piston hydraulic motor is equated by circle, arrayed radial. The plunger displaced by the impulse of pressure oil, then the volume of the cylinder changed, the summon power formed the rotation of the motor, all of these above are the mechanism of action of the motors. The rotor of the single role hydraulic motor has a circle of rotation, each plunger worker once reciprocation. The principal axis is eccentric axis in all the radial-piston hydraulic motors. The multi-role hydraulic motor had a guide rail curve, whose numbers are the action times. The rotor had a circle of rotation, the plunger worker many times reciprocal at the same time. The radial motors can be divided into several categories of plunger, ball blocker, blade. The structure of the single-role motors is simpler, the machine element number of it is less, the technology is better, and the cost is less. But the structure dimension of the single-role motor is longer than the multi-role motor in the same displacement each turn (or output torsional moment), and the single-role motor also have fluctuation of the output torsional moment and rotary speed.The homonymy high-pressure column tune of the single-role motor had major radial unbalance force that causes the brachytely stabilization of the motor became worse. Only increasing the capacity of the bearing, it can meet the requirements of the operating life of the bearing at the same time.

液压机外文翻译文献

液压机外文翻译文献 (文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 原文： The Analysis of Cavitation Problems in the Axial Piston Pump shu Wang Eaton Corporation, 14615 Lone Oak Road, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 This paper discusses and analyzes the control volume of a piston bore constrained by the valve plate in axial piston pumps. The vacuum within the piston bore caused by the rise volume needs to be compensated by the flow; otherwise, the low pressure may cause the cavitations and aerations. In the research, the valve plate geometry can be optimized by some analytical limitations to prevent the piston pressure below the vapor pressure. The limitations provide the design guide of the timings and

overlap areas between valve plate ports and barrel kidneys to consider the cavitations and aerations. _DOI: 10.1115/1.4002058_ Keywords: cavitation , optimization, valve plate, pressure undershoots 1 Introduction In hydrostatic machines, cavitations mean that cavities or bubbles form in the hydraulic liquid at the low pressure and collapse at the high pressure region, which causes noise, vibration, and less efficiency. Cavitations are undesirable in the pump since the shock waves formed by collapsed may be strong enough to damage components. The hydraulic fluid will vaporize when its pressure becomes too low or when the temperature is too high. In practice, a number of approaches are mostly used to deal with the problems: (1) raise the liquid level in the tank, (2) pressurize the tank, (3) booster the inlet pressure of the pump, (4) lower the pumping fluid temperature, and (5) design deliberately the pump itself. Many research efforts have been made on cavitation phenomena in hydraulic machine designs. The cavitation is classified into two types in piston pumps: trapping phenomenon related one (which can be prevented by the proper design of the valve plate)and the one observed on the layers after the contraction or enlargement of flow passages (caused by rotating group designs) in Ref. (1). The relationship between the cavitation and the measured cylinder pressure is addressed in this study. Edge and Darling (2) reported an experimental study of the cylinder pressure within an axial piston pump. The inclusion of fluid momentum effects and cavitations within the cylinder bore are predicted at both high speed and high load conditions. Another study in Ref. (3) provides an overview of hydraulic fluid impacting on the inlet condition and cavitation potential. It indicates that

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程课后练习题1-4课

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程课后练习题1-4课 第一课 一、词形填空 1.They made regular visits to the park on the suburbs during the weekends. 2.She was prooted to division manager last year. 3.We tried to walk to the park but ended up taking a taxi there. 4.His handing if these important issues was highly praised. 5.Thomas bought a new hat to repluce the one he had lost. 6.The movie received generally favorable reviews. 7.Thank you for all the time and effort you have put in. 8.Make sure you’re home bu midnight . 9.He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot 10.The earthquake survivors are in desperate need of help. 二、词形转换 1、Open（n）—opening 2、persist（n）—persistence 3.succeed(n)----success 4.succeed(adj)---successful 5.important(n)----importance 6.promote(n)----promotion 7.depress(n)----depression 8.vlaue(adj)----valuable 9.loyal(n)----loyalty 10.favor(adj)---favorable 三、词换词 1. Obtain----aquire 2. Constant---loyal 3. Famous---noted 4. Frightened---startled 5.blame---responsibility 6. Worth doing---rewarding 7. Sincere----genuine 8.encountered---bumped into 9. Bought----purchased 10. At the end ----eventually 第二课 一、选择正确的词或词组填空 1.Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. 2.The competition among these companies at the printing market has become very intense in this city. 3.To date, We have not received any replies from them. 4.In this competitive world , it is better for any firm to gain technology superiority . 5.The organization works to promote friendship between nations. 6.It is reported that the Far East area is now on the verge of war again. 7.There is an obvious trend that young people like less formal clothing. 8.We should look at these events which happened two hundred years ago from their historical perspective. 9.The outstanding businessman agreed that the last decade was favorable for the emergence of new and promising enterprises in IT field. 10.The witness proved that the killer was a man of medium height. 二、词性转换 1.significance(adj.)-significant 2.connect(n.)-connection 3.transform(n.)-transformation

新生代英语基础教程2unit1_电子教案

教案 课程名称新生代英语基础教程2 课时____________________ 班级____________________ 专业____________________ 教师____________________ 系部____________________ 教研室____________________ 教材《新生代英语基础教程2》

Family Show Time “Where are you from?”Reading Why is it called a honeymoon? Chat Time The rest is history. Writing Family tree Grammar The possessive ’s My Story Family main Have students look at the picture and ask them to tell you as much as they can about it. Then, go through the questions and complete each answer. In addition, you can ask a few warm-up questions suc h as “How many people are in your

Have the students listen and repeat the words. Use descriptive sentences to teach the family member words. For example, you can say “Your uncle is your mother or father’s brother.” “Your aunt is your mother or father’s sister.” “Your cousin is your uncle or aunt’s child,” and so on. A simple family drawn on the board can often help students to understand this. They may find it interesting to see your family tree, if you don’t mind sharing it with them. For the word frame, you can see that it is something we put around important pictures. You can then ask students if they have any framed photos in the class. You can also teach that we use the words married and single to descr ibe someone’s relationship status. Ask “Have you been to a wedding recently?” “Who got married?” For Tell the students they will hear a conversation between a radio host and a celebrity (Anna). Now listen to the conversation and have students complete the sentences.

畅通英语基础教程1期末考试第一期[B]

目： 卷： 120 1. n_rse A. n B. m C. u D. v 3. sma_l A. e B. a C. l D. n 5. b_ue A. l B. f C. u D. v -- _____. ’t. C. Yes, she is. D. Yes he is. 14. –Are you married? -- _____. A.No, he is n’t. B. Yes, he is. C. No, I am single.. D. Yes, they are.

15. –Where are you from? -- _____. A. I am a nurse. B. I am from Australia. C. I am Chinese. D. We are sisters. 16. --What color is your new phone? --________________. A.It is pink B. It is mine B. C. It’s in the suitcase. D. It isn’t here 17．--Is this your suitcase? --________________. A.Yes, it is. B. Yes, they are. C. No, they aren’t. D. No, they don’t. 18. --Are these your books? --________________. A. Yes, it is. B. Yes, they are. C. No, they aren’t. D. No, they don’t. 19. --What’s that? --________________. A. It is black B. It is a camera. C. They are pens. D. They are not. 20. --What are those? --They are____. A. watch B. glasses C. apple D. car 21.--This bag is too big, I want a ____ one. A. ugly B. small C. light D. heavy 22. She is from _____, she is _____. A. USA, America B. Egyptian, Egypt C. Italy, Italian D. Spanish, Spain 23.--How do you go to school? --______________. A. Sorry, I don’t know. B. At seven o’clock C. I take a bus. D. I work in a book shop. 24.. --what do you do at weekend? --I listen____ music and go shopping. A. in B. on C. to D. at 25. --Do you like basketball?

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工程硕士研究生英语基础教程英译汉（Unit 1-10、13、14） Unit 1 1. Two noted Americans explain why it’s not what you earn-it’s what you learn. 两位美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所学的更重要。 2. I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I couldn’t be outworked. 我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。 3. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。 4. I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup ideas. 我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的点子。 5. I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics. 结果我创下了化妆品销售的最好成绩。 Unit 2 1. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the extremely fast speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. 只要用鼠标点击一下，在地球另一端的信息马上就会以每秒钟绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 2. Besides, if everyone shops on the Net , what will happen to the hundreds and thousands of shopping malls? 此外，如果大家都在网上购物，那么成千上万的购物中心该怎么办呢？ 3. The huge power of electronic commerce (e-commerce) will change the face of trade dramatically. 电子商务的惊人威力会使贸易的局面发生激动人心的巨变。 4. The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “electronic currency” . 电子商务的发展很可能会把世界带进一个“电子货币”的崭新时代。 5. As the Net pushes the economy ahead rapidly, the economy is also bringing the Net market forward , resulting in the Internet itself becoming the world’s largest emerging market. 在网络化高速地推动经济发展的同时，经济也反过来促进网络市场的发展，其结果是国际互联网本身将成为全球最大的新兴市场。 Unit 3 1. So, if you lose a key species, you might cause a whole flood of other extinctions. 所以，如果失去一个重要的物种，那也许会引起大量其他物种的绝迹。 2. Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against illegal hunting, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve and animals. 这种办法使当地人们可以为了经济上的原因而去保护动、植物，而不是依靠在很大程度上难以奏效的那些反非法偷 猎的规章制度。 3. With corruption popular in many developing countries, some observers are suspicious that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. 由于许多发展中国家普遍存在腐败，一些观察家对这些钱财实际上能否到达应该接受这笔财物的人们手中表示怀疑。 4. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. 森林的可持续管理既需要投资种植新树以取代被砍伐的树木，也需要对被砍伐树木的数量进行控制。 5. In theory, consumers would buy only this wood and so fo rce logging companies to go “green” or go out of business. 理论上讲，消费者只能购买这些获得认可的木材，这将迫使伐木公司开始保护“绿色”，否则将无生意可做。 Unit 4 1. The trend began in earnest in 1995, when the Queen of England admitted that the Maori people of New Zealand had been shamefully treated, when the country was a British colony. 这个潮流是从1995年才真正开始的。当时英国女王承认当新西兰还是英国的殖民地时，新西兰的土著毛利人曾遭

研究生英语系列教程多维教程熟谙全文翻译

Unit1 从能力到责任 当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。 最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合? 毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难? 核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。 类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。像地方的区域规划，学校种族隔离制的废除，排水系统的问题，公共交通的治理，以及申请获得正在相互竞争的有线电视公司的许可证等这些曾经看起来只是一些地方性事务的事情，现在也需要专家采解决。这些专家的辩论充满着技术术语，常常使问题变得让人迷惑不解而不会使问题云开雾散，清晰明了。公共生活的复杂性，要求更多＼而非更少的信息资料；需要更积极＼而非越来越消极的公众的参与。 对于那些关心“民治政府”的人，公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接受的。当今世界，人类生存问题吉凶未卜，无知是不可取的。那些目光短浅的专家们制定措施时一手遮天，这也是不可容忍的。作为公民，我们只有找到更好的教育方法，只有提出更棘手的问题，并得到满意的答案，才能在关键的决策时刻承担风险，运用我们所学的知识做出重大决定，否则，我们只能基于盲目地相信一个或几个所谓的专家做出决策。 我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育关心他人的年轻人群策群力，本着共同的信念，团结在一起，相互学习，参与到社会民主的建设之中。 民主的社会需要关心民主社会的公众，需要他们成为善于发问的民主参与者，成为知道怎样提出恰如其份的问题的人，知道公共政策的决策形成过程，并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出敏锐的，有见地的判断。诚然，没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才，但我们深信，如果“民治政府’’要有生命力的话，大学相对子其他机构来说，更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的具有宏畴伟略的领导人。 为了完成这个迫切的使命，年轻人的目光不能仅仅停留在国内，还必须放眼世界。现在的学生不但要对本国的人民与文化了如指掌，而且也应该熟知本国以外的文明。人类的势力范围已涉及到太空，一切变得都很明了，我们都是同一个星球的守护者。在过去的半个世纪中，我们的地球变得越来越拥挤，相互依赖性越来越强，同时也更加变化莫测。如果学生只一味自以为是，不能更好地理解自己在芸芸众生中的地位，那么他们对生活的社会所应承担的责任的能力将慢慢被消磨殆尽，及至危险的境地。 世界或许还没有变成一个小村庄。但可以肯定的是，我们的邻里意识必须加以扩展。当旱灾席卷撒哈拉沙漠，当印度支那战争带来难民潮时，我们的同情心，我们富于分析的智慧都不再受缚于地图上的政治分界线。我们开始知道，饥荒和人权已如同武器＼条约一样，对人类团结起着决定性的影响。最令人担心的是，蘑菇云已在人类意识里投下了不祥的阴影。这些业已存在的事实及其带来的后果都必须让每个学生了解。