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韩中翻译教程

韩中翻译教程
韩中翻译教程

韩中翻译教程

第一章翻译基本知识

第一节怎样理解好词义

一、要善于选择和使用工具书(1、对译词典2、原文词典3、外来语词典4、成语词典5人名地名)

二、要善于把握词的特点和意义

1.要善于把握词的特点

词的特点:1)从义项侧面看具有多义性

2)从搭配看具有灵活性

3)从具体语境看具有单义性

?) ??: 1)??????.(去)

2)???????.(走向)

3)????????????.(回)

4)??????????.(到)

5)???????????????(持续)

6)????????????.(结果)

7)???????????.(传)

8)?????.(产生)

9)?????.(明白)猜到了。

10)????????.(发生)缸裂纹了。

11)??????????.(需要)都是需要人手的活。

12)??????????.(值)

13)????.(程度)首屈一指。

14)?????.(流逝)

15)?????.(停)

16)????.(变味)

17)?????????.(消失)

18)?????????.(去世)

19)????????.(过)过季了。

20)???????.(落到)

21)??????????.(一流)

22)?????????????????????.(拖)

23)???????????.(进行中的变化)

24)?????.(出)

25)???????.(?/?/???表示状态动作的持续)

2.要善于把握词义

1)词面义和所指义(词在语境中实际所指的意义)

①?????(嗓子哑)

????(脖子长)

????(最大)

??????(说话小心点)

②??????(人手短缺)

????(手小)(小器、吝啬)

③??????(耳根子软)

?????(见钱眼开、贪婪、目光短浅)

2)字面义和语用义(言者使用这句话的用意—在行为过程、语言环境与习惯中)

①???????(你可真有口服啊)

②?????????????????????????.(他的心眼倒不错,就是平常有点烦人)

③???????????/????? (年纪轻轻的,说什么大话?)

3)字面义和色彩义(词的基本意义上赋有的色彩成分)

????花言巧语

???花架子

??,??花疯(色狼)??花姑娘

???花街柳巷????花官司

???花圈子

???????花花肠子???????花花公子???,??花柳病

①??????????. 那孩子长得很可爱。

②??????????. 这小子真可恶。

③?????????????. 那该死的家伙又出来了。

④??????. ???????????. 该死的,你老是耍我(又哄我)。

⑤?????????????????????. 老师,望蓬莱引路,陪您一块去吧。

⑥??????, ??????????????????. 没出息的家伙,快三十岁的人了,还吃老子。

头:???????????

眼:???

病:???

脸:???????????????????

睡:??????

在:?????

给:????????

说:???????????????????????

吃:??????????????

3.要善于选择译文用词1)开拓思维2)分析判断3)情境对立(汉:主观韩:客观)

①??????!?

这是怎么一回事?(有这么好的事?)

②?????????????????

这家伙死不承认有啥法子?

③????????????.

他俩是死对头。

④?????????.

快死了这份心吧。

⑤???????????????????????????. “?????.”从市场的一个角落里不时传来了一位农家女“卖土豆了”的声音。

⑥???????????, ???????????, ??????????.

跟过去比,如今是粗粮比细粮更贵一些。

⑦??????????????????????????????????????????.

因而姐姐的一生同样伴随着不断的贫穷和苦难,幸亏姐姐是位思想健康意志坚强的人。

“??”:①?????(天气冷)

②????(水冷)

③????????(人满了)

④????(喘气)

⑤?????(戴手铐)

⑥????(踢球)

①??????????????????????????????.

我们所实施的人民民主专政根本区别于独裁政治。

②???????????????????????.

对内开展生产竞赛,对外进行贸易竞争。

③?????????????????????.

准确的统计为制定正确的政策提供依据。

(3)情境对应

①???, ????????????????????. ?????????.

来(上),看你这小子还不知道棍子是啥滋味,今天给你点厉害看看。

②???????????, ???

咱们再来一杯,就一杯,好不好?

③???????. ???????????????????????????????

我真不明白,难道研究土壤的人就不要孩子,不要花,不要山川湖海?

④????????????. ????????????????.

别老提我情妇情妇的,老婆知道了不扒了我的皮啊。

⑤?????????????????????????????. ??????????????????, ??????????????????????????.

刚才,她本想再多吃一块。却忍下了,心想,还是等老大回来一起吃吧。可是老大回来后,看到他饿得狼吞虎咽的样子,又实在不忍心伸手,不过眼瞧着老大真的把打糕吃得精光,心里不免有些不是滋味。

第二节汉字词的翻译一、汉字词的由来及特点

??(按酒)

??(网席)凉席

????(跟头扑跌)栽下来、栽倒??(疗饥)充饥

??(雪马)雪橇

??(思量)

??(乃终)

??(硫磺)火柴??(山行)打猎

??(众生)畜生,禽兽??(穷理)思考

??(洞箫)箫

??(木棉)土布,粗布??(怪恶)可恶

???(木槿花)

??(螺丝)

1.由来:(中国汉字占大部分)

中国:??????????

日本:???(自动车)???(自转车)???(飞行机)??(映画)???(言语学)???(运转士)??(工场)??(蹴球)半岛:??-田庄?-事故、变故??-地基?-石头

2.特点

1)字同义同:

????????…

2)字同义不同:

??(放学)放假

??(男便)丈夫

??(雪糖)白糖

??(外货)外币

??(演出)导演

??(病故)病患、生病

??(无颜)没脸、不好意思??(漆板)黑板

??(功夫)学习

??(便纸)信

??(方席)垫子??(东西)连襟、妯娌

??(空册)笔记本

??(先站)带头

??(内外)夫妻

??(同生)弟弟

??(食口)家人

??(滋味)趣味

??(洗手)洗脸、洗手

??(约束)约定

??(气运)运气、气力、精力??(外面)视而不见、调头

3)义同字不同:

??(??), ??-培养???-稻瘟病

???-转折点

??-结构

???-旱育苗

??-来源??-宗旨

??-产品

?????-执照????-能源???-日程表??, ??-途径

4)字义皆不同:

??(失性)闹精神病??(三寸)叔叔

??(四寸)堂兄弟姐妹??(查顿)亲家

??(成火)来气

??(拉致)绑架??(妻子)妻儿

??(玉篇)字典

??(干达)二流子

???(曲马团)马戏团、杂技团???(玉洋木)漂白布

5)义同音节数不同

????-军纪???-农具???-对方????-口试????-扫盲???-工地???-文物???-新生???-专家????-禁用????-内因???-调料???-刊物???-荒地????-检修

6)义同排列序不同

??托付??告密??石碑??急救??加倍??狂热??士兵??泄露??毒害??敏感??借贷??朴素

??盗窃

??见识

??肃静

??畜牧

??工商

??收买

??黑暗

??险峻

??安慰

??光荣

??限制

??介绍

??阶段

??语言

??匪帮

??搬运

??和平

??纲要

??命运

??拥抱

??痛苦

7)义同使用率不同

一般用语:从汉语中直接引用习惯用语:在汉语中加工使用

???非正式???(非公式)

??力量??(势力)

??首脑??(手班)

????远景计划????(展望计划)

????唯心主义???(观念论)

????自我批评????(自我批判)

??方式??(样式)

??英明??(贤明)

???红十字???(赤十字)

??姿态??(姿势)

???中青年???(青壮年)

??长远??(长久)

??最后??(终局)

??强烈??(强力)

??空运??(空输)

??党章???(党规约)

????自私自利????(私利私欲)

???倡议书???(发起文)

二、翻译汉字词时应注意的几个问题

1.不要简单照搬汉字词

①???????????????????????????.

星期天我们在大礼堂演出,届时您一定要来观看呀。

②????????????????????????????????????.

如果贵方不立即交货,我方将取消?月?日的合同。

③????????????????????????????????????.

随着改革的深化,工作重点的转移,绝大多数人的生活水平都得到提高。

④????????????????????????????????.

这种花草耐寒性强,插枝也能活,是一种生命力很强的植物。

⑤???????????????????.

市里为下岗人员办了培训班。

⑥?????????????????????????.

你那个地方那么老远,他又是种地的,恐怕就一两天时间是很难去串门的。

⑦??????(将校、军官)?????????????????????????.

今天,在许多军官参加的会议上,少将做了重要讲话。

??–成本

??–获悉

????(与小野大) –朝小野大

韩国:??–医院

??–诊所

???–大学

???–研究生院

???–总统

???–总统夫人

??,??,??–少校、中校、大校

??,??,??,??–少校、中校、上校、大校

朝鲜:??(秘书) –书记

??(书记) –秘书

2.要留心朝汉字混用时的汉字词(要注意读音、语境、词义)

①将校??挥发油????汽车????.

军官们带着汽油上了火车。

②高等学校??????放学???????????????????.高中学生敏哲一放假,就立即回家帮父母干农活。

③????大学院?????新闻???出世????????????. 刊载龙哲考取研究生消息的报纸一到,全村就沸腾起来了,都说他有出息。

3.要善于温故知新(古汉语是汉字词的主要来源)

1)义同排列序不同

??光荣

??介绍

??拥抱

??命运

??借贷

??买卖

2)字同义不同(现代汉语以双音节为主,而古汉语以单音节为主)

??(失职)失业

??(病故)生病

??(暗记)背诵

4.富有表现力的要纳新丰富汉字词

????(事大主义)

????(慕华思想)

??(两班)

?(人):???(政客、政治家、政治工作者)从政人、政界人???办刊人、办报人、报业人

???广电人

“…文化评论人???”

???精神力(意志品质的综合)

??人气

第三节略语翻译

一、汉朝略语构词对比

1.汉语略语大体上由三种方式构成

1)紧缩方式

2)省略方式

3)概括方式(多用数字)“三资企业”“八荣八耻”“三个代表”

2.朝语略语构成大体与汉语相同,而没有汉语活跃,大部分是

1)汉字词略语(???——首尔大, ???——工农业)

2)词+略组合

朝鲜王朝(???)

高丽大学(???)

延世大学(???)

劳资纠纷(????) (??-??)

梨花女子大学(????)

3)关键词头音组合

???: 56????????????

???: 45???(??)

???: ???????

???: ?????(??群体)

???: ????????????

???: ?, ???, ???.

??, ??, ??, ??(小学毕业生)

二、略语翻译应注意的几个问题

1.译语中有对应的略语时,可采取对译。

①????????????????????????.

中朝两国人民并肩战斗,结下了深厚的友谊。

②?????????????????????.

中国人民在反法西斯战争中做出了巨大的牺牲。

③?????????????????????????????. 市场商品丰富,人民的衣食住条件得到明显的改善。

2.必要时原文的全称可以用略词翻译

①???????????, ?????????????, ??, ??

?????????????????????????.

对高中级领导干部及各级党政机关主要负责人,对掌握人、财、物实权的干部缺乏严格有效的监督。

②???????????????????????????, ???, ??, ??????????????????????.

要加强政法工作,依法严厉打击各种犯罪活动,坚决扫除黄赌毒等社会丑恶现象。

③??????????????????????.

火电上不去,要在水电上打主意。

3.译语中没有对应略语时,不能生造略语,应用全称解释。

??????, ???????????????????.???3%,???6%,???32% ??????59%??????.

从学历层次看…

①?????????????“??????”????????????????.

在韩国有不少女大学生抱着一举拿下“三只兔子”的梦想留学澳洲。

②?????????????????????????.

他是哈佛大学毕业生,归国后进防卫产业部门担任要职。

第四节外来词翻译

???????:除汉字词以外从别的语言中吸收的词朝韩在处理外来词的不同点:

①词汇处理②接受方式

?: ???(加拿大)

??(土耳其)

一、朝汉语在使用外来语的差异

朝:拿来主义

汉:用汉字词材料重新组合成新词

1.汉语外来词的类型

1)借音词:

迪斯科:???摩登:??厄尔尼诺:???罗曼司:???华尔兹:??罗曼蒂克:???密斯:??

2)借音归代词

英特网:???爵士舞:????百事可乐:????雪碧:????咖啡吧:???可口可乐:????踢踏舞:???呼啦圈:????拖拉机:????(???) 色拉油:????

伽马力:?????

摩托车:????

纳米:????

贝雷帽:???

模特儿:??

2.朝鲜语的外来语类型1)借音词

??亚当

???导游

??????保湿乳??夏娃

??购物

???笔记本电脑???日立??保险丝????压力???公寓????横幅????超市

??美元

??????百分点

??, ??避孕套

?????博士后

?????, ?????包厢????超级明星

??????发胶

????兜风

?????干啤酒

???刮水器

??黑客

?????鸡尾酒会

??基因

??????激光唱片

???紧身衣

???烤面包

??领舞

?面膜????霹雳舞

???平台

???软盘

????刷卡

???水吧

???谈话节目

????套间

???套裙

????网站

????下载

???显示器

???小灵通

????营养乳液?????硬盘

???约会

?????游戏软件??自助餐

?????优盘

2)加工通用语

????- 保镖- ???

?????–超短裙–????

????–充值卡–????

???–床上戏–????, ????

???–搭档–?

????–单间–??, ??

????–发网–????

?????–发型–????

???–服务–??, ??

???–高跟鞋–????

????–高新技术–????

???–割捆机–??????

????–集装箱–??

???–光环–??

???–黑洞–??

???–黑手党–???

????–回扣- ???

????–吉祥物- ???

????–纪录大全(吉尼斯纪录) - ?????????–纪实片- ????

????–计价器- ?????

????–健身房(吧)- ???

????–健身舞- ???

????–可视电话- ????

???–空调机- ?????

????–空心面- ????

?????–空中小姐- ?????

?????–连裤袜- ????

???–买主- ??

????–明星照- ????

????–润肤水- ?????

??????–商厦- ????

???–世界杯- ???

????–酸奶- ??, ??

?????–唐人街- ????, ?????

???–香肠- ???

?–小费- ???, ???

???–奖金(红包)- ???

????–写字楼- ???????

????–摇头丸- ???

?????–晚霜- ???

???–音乐剧- ?????

?????–隐形眼镜- ????

???–载体- ???, ???, ??

???–导游- ?????

???–访谈- ??

????–西餐厅- ???

?????–打工- ??, ???

???–机器人–????

二、翻译外来语,应把握的几个问题

1.善于运用词典:

①外来语词典

②英汉词典

③日汉词典

2.平时注重积累

3.结合语境揣摩

1)??????????????????????????.

在超市我看见她推着购物车购物。

2) ???????????????????????.

情人节那天,她给我送来了巧克力。

第五节专有名词的翻译

一、人名翻译

1.朝鲜(韩国)人名

1)汉字名:原则上还原(查、习惯、角色)

2)固有字名:

读音译?:柱

借音译?:蒋

直译?:太阳

???郑河娜(读)郑哈娜(借)

???崔花芬(直)

???朴天(直)

???金碧娜(借)金光灿(直)

???全爱(直)

???李新星(直)

???张海(直)

???林巨正(直)

???金斗笠(直)

2.中国人名

???孙雷(音译)

??孙雷(音译)

3.日本人名

??????福田康夫

4.其他外国人名

1)名人—查

2)普通人—按汉语习惯音译

3)选择无意义的汉字

4)必要时直接搬用英文

????–克劳(伍)斯

??–赫恩利,亨利

二、地名翻译

1.注重准确性

2.不要随意纠正

3.不要对付过去

4.尊重他国的立场和主权

韩国—??, ???, ????, ??, 6.26??

朝鲜—???, ????, ????, ???(??), ????朝韩—东海(??) 日本国际—日本海

西海(??) 中国国际—黄海

三、特有事物名

1.看有无现成译名

??–米肠、血肠

??–勾鼻胶鞋

??–打糕

2.抓住特点命名

3.联系汉文化考虑

第六节数量词语翻译

一、朝汉语数量增减的表示方法

1.朝汉语净增数和差额的表示方法

朝–数词+单位名词+?/?(?/?)+增减数量

汉–增减词+了+数量词

①???????????????2?(?) ???.

今天,我们班出席生比昨天增加了2名。

②??????????????????????100???????.

我国根据国际局势和国内需要缩减了百万现役军人。

2.朝汉语增加后总数和减少后余数的表示法

朝–数词+单位名词+?/??+增减词

汉–增减词+到+数量词

①???????????50??????.

今天,我班出席生数增加到50名。

②???????????50??????.

今天,我班出席生数减少到50名。

增长总数–?/??增长到…

比例–?达到…

??10????????1970?1057?, 1980?1629???1993???2898???1970???3??????.

每十万人中犯罪件数,1970年为1057件,1980年为1629件,1993年增加到2898件,达1970年的近3倍。

二、朝汉语数量词的搭配方式

?????一架飞机

????一辆坦克

????两头牛

???三匹马

①??????20??(?) ???25?????.

②???????, ????????????.

我们应当爱惜节约每一粒米、没一根线。(强调)

③???????50??, ??2??, ??????????.

④?????????????????????.

⑤????????.(三打白骨精)

??????(??) ???.(四渡金沙江)

三、朝韩数量词应注意的几个问题

1.注意朝韩数量单位的实际值

?(393米)—里(500米)

?(600克)—斤(500克)

?(3.3058m2)—平(1m2)

?(1万亿)—兆(1百万)

??(3000坪)—町步(垧)

①???????36????????????.

我靠自己的努力在江南购买了36坪(注:1坪=3.3058m2)/120m2公寓。

②??????????5???????.(6斤)

③??????1?6234???.

2.注意数量单位的实与虚

①??????????????????.

翻译也是一门学问,有很多学问要研究。

②????????????.

踹(踢)了那家伙几脚。

③???????????????????.

你都长大成人了,怎么还不懂事。/你都长成7尺汉子了,怎么还不懂事。(以虚对实)

④????????????????????.

A:对这件事,我是有口难开,开口也说不清楚。

B: …我是“山鸡吃黄连,有苦也不敢啼”。

C: …我是秀才遇到兵,有理说不清。

⑤???????????!

美丽的三千里锦绣江山!

3.注意与数量相关的术语

?: ?????????20??????.

(?:~多岁)

(20???:20岁出头)

(20???:二十五六)

(20???:二十七八)

?: ???10????????????.

(张帅等11名)

???: 2009?4?9???????????????????????.

截止到2009年4月9日,崔老师与我们相处了一个多月。

??: ???????????500???????.

(共计、累计、总计) 这本杂志加上这一期,累计发行500期。

?: ?????????5000?????.

(车次) 这个工程动用汽车5000车次。

???: ??????????????50???????.

(人次) 这部电影首映以来,观众已达到了50万人次。

朝—???

??????

汉—??年代

1960??: 二十世纪八十年代/上世纪八十年代

1960?????????????????????.

二十世纪八十年代初,我国经历了空前的(前所未有的)自然灾害。

第七节拟声拟态词翻译一、拟声词可用汉语的象声词对译

??(好吃), ??(吸烟) –吧嗒

????(淌水), ??–吧唧吧唧

????(可爱), ????(吵) –喳喳、叽叽喳喳

??(鸭子) –嘎嘎

????(男人), ????(女人穿高跟鞋) –咯噔咯噔????(滚下来), ????–咕噜噜~

??(母鸡-小鸡) –咕咕

????(踩水踩泥), ????–咕唧唧

????, ??–呱呱~

??(大型掌声), ??(拍手) –呱唧

??(男女), ??(上岁数的人) –哈哈

??, ??–嘿嘿

??(呻吟), ????–哼哼(哼哼唧唧)

??????(鼓劲) –哼唷

????(喘气) –呼哧呼哧

???(气管炎), ????(打呼噜) –呼噜呼噜

??(老鼠), ??(鸟) –叽叽

??????(老鼠啃东西) –喀哧咔哧

?~ –咩咩

??~ –哞哞

???(忍不住笑), ?–噗嗤

???(鸟飞) –唰啦

??–哇

??–哇哇

??, ??–嗡嗡

???–喔喔

????咿唔

????(小孩学语) –咿呀

????–呖呖

??, ??–啧啧

??(敲木头), ??(敲门) –梆梆

???(机关枪), ??????(马跑) –嗒嗒

???, ???–当啷

??(水滴), ????(钟表) –滴答

??–咚咚

????–咚咚锵

???–嘟嘟嘟

??–嘎巴(咔嚓)

??~, ???~ –叮当

????, ????(脚镣) –嘎吱嘎吱咯吱咯吱

英语综合教程课后翻译

like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success. Unit4 Professor Huntington's paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural / pluralistic society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role. He argues that in a plural/pluralistic society we must stress/attach importance to interper-sonal relationships, cooperation, and looking at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disre-spect, the whole society may be paralyzed. I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization. Unit5 For my own part. I should certainly hesitate to hire a clerk on his face/appearance alone. Appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might well commit an error in judg-ment if you went by appearances only with people like Edward Hyde Burton, the character created by Maugham. As far as appearance and manners were concerned, Burton seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes. Kind, gentle and candid, he was described by many as one of the most respectable people on earth. Nevertheless, he turned out to be cruel to a friend in need of his help. He insulted and fooled Turner who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising Unit6 There is no question that today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, to possess more, and to become a success. Workaholism, a modern addiction, has thus arisen. The cause of workaholism is the perception that by working longer hours and com-pleting more projects, we will enhance our self-worth. Many women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder a variety of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to labor longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process. Unit7 A severe earthquake occurred all of a sudden at 10a.m. yesterday in a rural area, about 200 kilometers east of the city. Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has caused widespread devastation/damage and heavy casualties. Many adolescents were among those injured or killed. Yet it remains obscure exactly how many people were hurt and killed as the entire area has been enveloped in rubble. However, one thing is certain: many of the survivors may face years of pain and suffering. Local people were clearly shaken by this reminder of their mortality. Some religious ones have gathered to pray that it will never recur. Unit8 Last Wednesday my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in all silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city. Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I'd like to go there again.

《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译

Lesson 1 力学的基本概念 1、词汇: statics [st?tiks] 静力学;dynamics动力学;constraint约束;magnetic [m?ɡ'netik]有磁性的;external [eks't?:nl] 外面的, 外部的;meshing啮合;follower从动件;magnitude ['m?ɡnitju:d] 大小;intensity强度,应力;non-coincident [k?u'insid?nt]不重合;parallel ['p?r?lel]平行;intuitive 直观的;substance物质;proportional [pr?'p?:??n?l]比例的;resist抵抗,对抗;celestial [si'lestj?l]天空的;product乘积;particle质点;elastic [i'l?stik]弹性;deformed变形的;strain拉力;uniform全都相同的;velocity[vi'l?siti]速度;scalar['skeil?]标量;vector['vekt?]矢量;displacement代替;momentum [m?u'ment?m]动量; 2、词组 make up of由……组成;if not要不,不然;even through即使,纵然; Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果 1、词汇: machine 机器;mechanism机构;movable活动的;given 规定的,给定的,已知的;perform执行;application 施用;produce引起,导致;stress压力;applied施加的;individual单独的;muscular ['m?skjul?]]力臂;gravity[ɡr?vti]重力;stretch伸展,拉紧,延伸;tensile[tensail]拉力;tension张力,拉力;squeeze挤;compressive 有压力的,压缩的;torsional扭转的;torque转矩;twist扭,转动;molecule [m likju:l]分子的;slide滑动; 滑行;slip滑,溜;one another 互相;shear剪切;independently独立地,自立地;beam梁;compress压;revolve (使)旋转;exert [iɡ'z?:t]用力,尽力,运用,发挥,施加;principle原则, 原理,准则,规范;spin使…旋转;screw螺丝钉;thread螺纹; 2、词组 a number of 许多;deal with 涉及,处理;result from由什么引起;prevent from阻止,防止;tends to 朝某个方向;in combination结合;fly apart飞散; 3、译文: 任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。这些零件从规定的运动转变到期望的运动。另一方面,这些机器完成工作。当由施力引起的运动时,机器就开始工作了。所以,力和机器的研究涉及在一个物体上的力和力的作用效果。 力是推力或者拉力。力的作用效果要么是改变物体的形状或者运动,要么阻止其他的力发生改变。每一种

综合教程翻译

II. Translation 1. We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2. My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point. 3. The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4. Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5. When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. A decade ago,Nancydid what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened/ set up a household device store in her neighborhood. People likeNancymade the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives. But, to run a small business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income,Nancyhad to cut back on her daily expense. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premium for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life. II. Translation 1. Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2. Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3. According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4. Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5. Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to theUnited StatesfromCanadaseveral times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. Later he built a small settlement inDresdeninCanadafor escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed. II. Translation

专业英语翻译

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 141 (2011) 133–138 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /v e t i m m Short communication Saccharomyces cerevisiae decreases in?ammatory responses induced by F4+enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in porcine intestinal epithelial cells Galliano Zanello a ,b ,1,Franc ?ois Meurens a ,1,Mustapha Berri a ,Claire Chevaleyre a ,Sandrine Melo a ,Eric Auclair b ,Henri Salmon a ,? a Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA),UR1282,Infectiologie Animale et SantéPublique,F-37380Nouzilly (Tours),Indre et Loire,France b SociétéIndustrielle Lesaffre,Lesaffre Feed Additives,Marcq-en-Baroeul,France a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 19October 2010Received in revised form 13December 2010 Accepted 31January 2011Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Pig Intestinal epithelial cells Cytokines Chemokines a b s t r a c t Probiotic yeasts may provide protection against intestinal in?ammation induced by enteric pathogens.In piglets,infection with F4+enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)leads to in?ammation,diarrhea and intestinal damage.In this study,we investigated whether the yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc ,strain CNCM I-3856)and S.cerevisiae variety boulardii (Sb ,strain CNCM I-3799)decreased the expression of pro-in?ammatory cytokines and chemokines in intestinal epithelial IPI-2I cells cultured with F4+ETEC.Results showed that viable Sc inhibited the ETEC-induced TNF-?gene expression whereas Sb did not.In contrast,killed Sc failed to inhibit the expression of pro-in?ammatory genes.This inhibition was dependent on secreted soluble factors.Sc culture supernatant decreased the TNF-?,IL-1?,IL-6,IL-8,CXCL2and CCL20ETEC-induced mRNA.Furthermore,Sc culture supernatant ?ltrated fraction <10kDa displayed the same effects excepted for TNF-?.Thus,our results extended to Sc (strain CNCM I-3856)the inhibitory effects of some probiotic yeast strains onto in?ammation. ? 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1.Introduction Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)are pathogenic gram negative bacteria which infect humans and sev-eral species of farm animals such as calves and pigs.ETEC interacts with intestinal epithelial cells,colonizes the small intestine and secretes enterotoxins such as the heat-labile enterotoxins (LT),the heat-stable enterotox-ins (STa and/or STb),and the enteroaggregative E .coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1(EAST1)(Nagy and Fekete,2005).In pigs,ETEC infection and enterotoxin secretions can induce intestinal in?ammation and diarrhea resulting in reduced growth rate,increased mortality and economic ?Corresponding author.Tel.:+33247427331;fax:+33247427779.E-mail addresses:salmon@tours.inra.fr ,henri.salmon@tours.inra.fr (H.Salmon).1 These authors contributed equally to this work.loss (Fairbrother et al.,2005).Moreover,F4+ETEC strain induce pro-in?ammatory response in intestinal epithe-lial cells (Devriendt et al.,2010).Administration of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae variety boulardii (Sb )has been shown to protect pigs in reducing ETEC transloca-tion (Lessard et al.,2009).In vitro studies showed that Sb secretes soluble factors that decrease the expression of pro-in?ammatory cytokines induced by enteric pathogens (Zanello et al.,2009).However,to our knowledge,there is no in vitro data regarding the anti-in?ammatory effects of S.cerevisiae (Sc )secreted soluble factors.Sc and Sb are members of the same species but they differ geneti-cally,metabolically and physiologically (Edwards-Ingram et al.,2007;Hennequin et al.,2001).Thus,in this study,we assessed if the non-commensal and non-pathogenic yeasts Sc (strain CNCM I-3856)and Sb (strain CNCM I-3799)secreted factors allowing the down-regulation of pro-in?ammatory gene expression in intestinal epithe-lial cells cultured with F4+ETEC.Sc (strain CNCM I-3856) 0165-2427/$–see front matter ? 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.01.018

大学英语综合教程一全文及翻译

2020年大一上学期英语期末复习 Diary of a fresher 大一新生日记 Sunday 星期日 1 After a wearisome expedition by car from home, we arrive at my hall of residence, and I check in. The warden gives me a set of keys and a room number. My room is five floors up, and the lift has a sign on it, "Out of order". Finally, with my mother flushed and gasping for breath, we find Room 8, I unlock the door, and we all walk in. 1 从家里驱车经过一段疲惫的旅程才到达我住的宿舍楼。我进去登记。宿舍管理员给了我一串钥匙,并告诉了我房间号。我的房间在6楼,可电梯上写着“电梯已坏”。等我们终于找到8号房间的时候,妈妈已经涨红了脸,累得上气不接下气。我打开房门,我们都走了进去。 2 After one minute, my father climbs out. The room is barely big enough for one, and certainly not big enough for the whole family. I can stretch out full-length on the bed and touch three walls without moving a muscle. 2 但爸爸马上就从里面爬了出来。这个房间刚刚够一个人住,一家人都进去,肯定容不下。我躺在床上,把全身伸直,不动弹就可以碰到三面墙。 3 Lucky my brother and my dog didn't come too. 3 幸亏我哥哥和我的狗没有一起来。 4 Later. My parents have just left. I'm here alone, hemmed in by my books and a suitcase. What do I do next? 4 后来,爸爸妈妈就走了,只剩下我孤零零一个人,周围只有书和一个箱子。接下来我该做什么呢?Monday 星期一 5 There's a coffee morning for first-year students. I meet my tutor, a lofty man with sloping shoulders, who looks determined to be affable. 5 早上,有一个为一年级新生举办的咖啡早茶会。我见到了我的导师,他个子高高的,斜肩,好像打定了主意要平易近人。 6 "Have you come far?" He peers down at me. As he speaks, his head jerks wildly from side to side, which makes his coffee spill into the saucer. 6 “你是从很远的地方来的吗?” 他居高临下地看着我问道。他边说话边晃动脑袋,咖啡都洒到杯托里了。 7 "I live not far from Edinburgh, about six hours away," I explain. 7 “我家离爱丁堡不太远,开车大约6个小时,” 我说。 8 "Splendid!" he says, and moves on to the freshman standing beside me. "Have you come far?" he asks, "Splendid," he barks, without waiting for the answer, and moves on. He takes a sip of coffee, and looks thunderstruck to discover the cup is empty. 8 “好极了!” 他说,接着又转向站在我旁边的那个新生。“你是从很远的地方来的吗?” 他问。但不等那人作出任何回答,他就喊道,“好极了!” 然后就继续询问他人。他啜了一口咖啡,却惊讶地发现杯子是空的。 9 My mother calls. She enquires if I've met my tutor yet. 9 妈妈打来电话,问我是不是见到了导师。 Tuesday 星期二

E英语教程的翻译题答案精选

U n i t 1 1、他实现了自己成为一名歌手的愿望 His wish to become a singer has come true 2、这趟火车可能要晚点了 This train is likely to be late 3、我的建议是演讲的时候要充满信心 My advice is to make a speech with confidence Unit2 1、她因为没有立刻回答而向我表示歉意 She apologized to me for not answering immediately 2、如果那个男孩不逗那条狗,就不会被咬 If the boy had left the dog alone,he wouldn’t have been bitten 3、他一直在这个小镇上过着宁静的生活 He has been leading a peaceful life in this small town Unit3 1、我们有必要权衡工作和家庭生活两者的需求 There is a need for us to balance the demands of the work with those of family life 2、有了因特网,全世界的信息都可以为你所用 With the Internet you can tap into all information of the world 3、我想借这个机会,对你们的帮助表示感谢 I’d like to draw upon this opportunity to express my thinks for your help Unit4 1、工厂散发出难闻的气味 The factory gives off a terrible smell 2、经费的减少使这个研究项目延迟了好几年 The spending cuts set back the project for several years 3、研究表明女性的寿命要比男性长 The study indicates that women live longer than men Unit5 1、我目前承担不了更多的工作 I can’t take on more work 2、这笔钱可以使他们实现自己的梦想 The money enabled them to live out their dreams 3、我们的公司准备购买更多的生产性设备 Our company is going to buy more productive equipment Unit6 1、在舞蹈方面,我们谁也比不上她 None of us can equal her in dancing

从零学习英语翻译教程

从零学习英语翻译教程

从零学习英语翻译教程 第一章翻译概述 学时:1周,共2学时 教学目的:了解翻译的实质,翻译的标准以及翻译(笔译)常用的两种方法 教学重点:翻译(笔译)常用的两种方法——直译与意译 教学难点:正确理解句子,运用适当的方法翻译句子 教学内容 第一节翻译的实质和标准 一、翻译的实质 翻译是一种语言文字的实践,是利用一种语言文字把另外一种语言文字所表达的思 想确切而完善地重新表达出来的实践。二、翻译的标准 清代学者严复明确提出“信、达、雅”三条标准,可以说在所有提法中影响最大。我们认为一切理论都应该坚持对立统一的观点, 都应以“正确”和”通顺”作为准则。

在此基础上,还要注意原文的语言形式和文体风格。 翻译的方法 正确理解句子 要正确理解句子需要三方面的知识:1.词汇知识 2.语法知识 3. 上下文知识 三、直译和意译 直译和意译是翻译中最常用的两种方法. 如果原语的词汇意义、句法结构、文体风格与译语风格一致或相似,即可用直译. 如:Still waters run deep, 译为”静水流深”. 但如果两种语言在表达同一思想内容时,词汇意义、句法结构、文体风格相差悬殊,就只有采用意译手段才能达到翻译标准的要求. 练习题: 1.Every state is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national security. 2. It is possible that they never imagined that any considerable amount of public

综合教程翻译(1)

1)U nit 1 1.Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it. 2.Online education provides those who work full time with opportunities to receive further education in their spare time. 3.When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble down every word out of the professor's mouth. 4.Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile. 5.Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so. 2)U nit 2 3) 1 They don't serve chips / French fries here. If you want it, you have to go to a KFC or McDonald's.

4) 2. He picked up a walnut and tried to crack it with a hammer, but instead he crushed it. 5) 3. When the gold was heated and melted, they poured it into a mould to form a gold bar. 6) 4.He admitted to breaking the window of the classroom. 7) 5. To our delight, the new economic policy is beginning to have a positive effect on the economy 8)U nit 3 1.It is most likely that teachers won't think much of students who cannot think for themselves. 2.When he was in high school, hardly anyone did scientific experiments; much less had training in this respect. 3.Envy is the result of laziness and ignorance.

上外考研 亚非朝鲜语 备考经验

【成功贴】上外亚非朝鲜语 考研经验精品贴一 高译教育祝愿天下考生,考研一次成功,心想事成。 2019上外亚非朝鲜语专业统招共招录了12人,其中,高译教育辅导的3名学员顺利上岸!祝贺小伙伴们实现梦想!为相关专业备考生分享一下由高译学员为大家整理的成功备考经验。希望能给下一届报上外的同学一点帮助。 笔者情况 我先简单地介绍下自己,本科三本院校,但是大学四年也开设了很多课程(文学、文化、精读、翻译、商务口语课等),所以还是有些专业基础的,大三过了朝鲜语专八,大四报考topik,现有朝鲜语专四专八证书和topik六级证书。一般来说,跨考生只需过topik六级,并阅读过专业课程的书籍,对专业知识有一定的了解,都可以报考上外。我从三本成功逆袭上外,也付出了很多的心血,凭着一股热情坚持到了最后,毕竟这对我来说是一个很大的挑战。 如果选择报考上外,首先你要考虑清楚你要报考哪个方向(上外朝鲜语硕士生的报考方向有三个,分别是语言、文学和文化,我个人报考的是文学方向,所以面试时被提问了有关文学方面的题目,但是每个考生被问及的题目都不同,面试时长也都不同,总而言之随机性比较强,我们想要成功上岸,要做好充分的准备)。 考试介绍 初试:专业考试分为专业一【朝鲜语综合(634)】以及专业二【朝鲜国情概况与汉朝互译(834)】,专业一和专业二满分各为150分,初试是按技术分来排名,2月15日前后可以在上外研招的公众号上查到成绩和排名(注:学校给的排名只按技术总分排,也不排除前面有公共科目不过线的考生,技术总分=专业一+专业二+总分*10%,上外的报录比为1:1.5,

进复试人数=【拟招总人数-推免人数】*1.5,当然每年情况不一样,处在边缘的同学也要认真准备复试) 考试时间上午8:30-11:30下午14:00-17:00周六思想政治理论(101)英语二外(自命题)(2 50) 周日朝鲜语综合(634)朝鲜语国情概况与汉 朝互译(834) 复试:分为笔试和面试。笔试侧重考韩国国情和概况,造句和翻译,面试问题比较随机,笔试100分,面试200分。报道当天早上考笔试,笔试时间为一小时,下午进行面试,面试时间为十分钟左右。 录取标准:初复试总分=初试技术分+复试笔试分+面试分*2,按照初复试总分的排名和录取人数,最后淘汰三到四名考生。 专业一介绍 一:名词解释,比如说辅助动词,样态副词,包孕句,补助词,词素,依存词素,词缀,文章副词,主格助词,词根,复句,合成词等。回答此类问题,首先要解释该名词的概念,再举例说明其特点和性质,因为每题分值只有3分,所以不用大篇幅回答。 二:简答题,19年每题分值为8分,五大题比如说,格助词与补助词的区别;韩语词汇的特点;非语末词尾(?????);尊敬法的种类;腭化规则(????)。在此需要注意的是,我们要知道每个语法点对应的韩文,题干为韩文,我们可以用韩文或中文回答,回答此类问题也需要举例回答,另外上外比较喜欢对比两个语法点,比如(格助词与补助词的区别;-?/?与-?/?的区别等,所以我们要学会总结相似的语法点)。 三:助词填空,此题型比较简单,可以参照《韩国语语法教程》第四篇的内容进行复习,也可以用topik习题进行训练,确保不失分。 四:标语音,一共20小题,每题0.5分。除了语法教程上出的题目,自己还要查阅其他资料进行补充,特别要熟知添加音,我举一个例子,????的发音是[????]。

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