最新大学考博翻译课程讲义全汇总
2011大学考博翻译课
程讲义全
2011年通用考博英语翻译讲义
考博翻译的重要性
1、考博英语difficult。
2、考博翻译最难做。
（1）翻译是主观题。
（2）做翻译需要单词基础，语法基础，阅读基础和强大的汉语功底。
例：本次旅行有北京、上海等地。
This trip/travel/tour includes Beijing and Shanghai.
（3）各所学校的命题非常不稳定。
英译汉
考博翻译的概述
翻译你做过吗？
做翻译不是看翻译
Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.
在联系不同的民族和国家方面，电视或许以前从来没有像在最近欧洲事件中其如此大的作用。
在联系不同的民族和国家方面，电视像在最近欧洲事件中起的作用之大前所未见。
怎么做英译汉
One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.
The Renaissance embraced, first of all, an impressive record of new achievements in art, literature, science, philosophy, education and religion. Although the foundation of many of these was classical, they soon expanded beyond the measure of Greek and Roman influence. Indeed, many of the achievements in painting, science, politics and religion bore little relation to the classical heritage. Secondly, the Renaissance incorporated a number of dominant ideas and attitudes that gave it the impress of a unique society. Notable among these in general were optimism, and individualism; but the most significant of them all was humanism. In its broadest meaning humanism may be defined as emphasis on the human values.
It was a term derived from Cicero, who used it in the sense of devotion to the liberal arts, or the subjects most compatible with the dignity of man. The humanists rejected the Scholastic philosophy with its preoccupation with theology and logic. They strove for a smooth and elegant style that would appeal more to the aesthetic than to the rational side of man's nature.
翻译的步骤：
一、画竖线
目的：初步断开句子结构，化繁为简
原则：
1、拆出主句，分清从句；
2、拆出主干，分清修饰；
最佳方式：找断句点
（1）连词；（2）引导词；（3）介词；（4）分词；（5）to；（6）标点符号；
（79）We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment; the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial to the future progress of the race.
二、写汉字：以每一小节作为单位来写汉字
目的：初步了解每一个小结构的意思；
（79）We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment; the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial to the future progress of the race.
三、连汉字
目的：把每一小节连接成为通顺的句子；需要适当地调整顺序，或者把一些不通顺的词语替换掉。
调整顺序的本源是英语的结构和修饰关系。
替换汉语词语的本源是依据英语的基本词义和上下文的意译。
（79）We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment; the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial to the future progress of the race.
因此，我们接受和欢迎环境的巨大不平等；生意、工业和商业集中在少数人手中和少数人之间的竞争法则，这作为我们自己必须适应的条件，因为这不仅仅对人类今后的进步有益。
因此，我们接受和欢迎环境的巨大不平等；工商贸集中在少数人手中以及少数人之间的竞争法则，这作为我们自己必须适应的条件，因为这不仅仅对人类今后的进步有益。（最终）3．There are many facts in a given historical period that can be easily stuffed into our mind. but discernment in the selection of significant facts is a vastly more difficult thing and depends upon one's point of view.
我们的大脑很容易记住许多特定历史时期的事实，但是选择和鉴别重大事实却是更为艰难的事情并且取决于我们自己的观点。
英汉翻译技巧
一、词意选择，适当引申
二、（1）分析词根和词缀来翻译
三、（2）分析词性来翻译
四、（3）分析上下文来翻译
五、（4）结合汉语习惯和固定搭配来翻译
六、适当增加
七、翻译成汉语后，在不改变英语意思的前提下，适当增加词语，使句子更通顺。
八、适当减少
九、适当重复
可以适当重复出原文省略的部分，或者把并列结构中的相同部分重复出来。
We don't retreat , we never have and never will.
我们不会退却，我们从来没有后退过，今后也决不会退却。
十、词性转换
十一、把英语的词性变换成汉语的其他词性来翻译。
十二、四字成语
练习
Passage 3
71．The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No．1 health problem in the U．S．today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don't know how to think about health and illness.
在医学院担任十二年教师，我所得到的主要印象是：当今美国的首要健康问题甚至比艾滋和癌症更为严重的是美国人不知该怎样对待健康和疾病。
考博翻译的标准
1、准确
2、通顺
准确是前提，其次求通顺，另外检查译文的方式是多读译文。
定语从句前置的翻译
1、定语从句前置
即把定语从句翻译到它修饰的先行词的前面，并习惯用“的”来连接。
Passage 3
72．We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst and the result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention.
我们害怕最糟糕的事情发生，期望最糟糕的事情发生，从而招致了最糟糕的事情发生，其结果是我们美国正逐渐成为一个弱者和疑病症患者的民族，一个自我诊断的社会，而不能对轻微的日常症状和那些需要专业护理的症状加以区分。
Passage 10
1．Genuine love is more likely to involve a process of “growing” in love rather than “falling”in love. This may sound terribly unromantic to some who are used to hearing talk about “falling in
love” or being “head over heels in love.”
真爱更可能是一个萌生爱意的过程，而并非是坠入爱河。对于那些听惯了一见钟情，爱得神魂颠倒的人来说，这或许太不浪漫了。
Passage 14
2. In reality, the way one experiences old age is contingent upon circumstances of late-life events （in what order they occur, how they occur, when they occur）and the social supports one receives: adequate finances, shelter, medical care, social roles, religious support, recreation.
事实上，一个人老年的经历如何，取决于晚年事件发生的环境和一个人所获得的社会支持：前者包括这些事件发生的先后顺序，怎样发生的，和何时发生的，后者包括足够的财力、住宿条件、医疗保障、社会地位、宗教支持、娱乐活动。
Passage 15
2. It is primarily a term for the socially elaborated segment of human behavior in any culture; and abnormality, is a term for the segment that particular civilization does not use.
正常术语主要是用来指在任何文化中，社会所解释的那部分人类行为，而变态术语主要是用来指特定文化所不能接受的那部分人类行为。
代词指代
1、直接对应
2、指代明确
3、用“这”等替代
Passage 15
3. Its variability among different people is essentially a function of the variability of the behavior patterns that different societies have created for themselves, and can never be wholly divorced from a consideration of culturally institutionalized types of behavior.
不同人之间正常行为的可变性主要是由不同社会为其自己所设立的行为模式的可变性所决定的，并且绝对不能完全脱离了文化的制度化的行为模式来加以考虑。
如果定语从句结构简单，信息负载量不大，翻译时前置。
定语从句后置的翻译
如果定语从句太复杂或里面包含的内容太多时，需要后置。
1．Contemporary technological reporting is full of notions of electronic communities in which people interact across regions or entire continents.
地区之间甚至是整个大陆之间人们通过电子技术交流而构成电子社区，这种概念在现代技术报告中比比皆是
2．For example, electronic communication filters out and alters much of the subtlety, warmth, contextuality, and so on that seem important to fully human, morally engaged interaction.
例如，电子交流过滤并且改变了大多数的细微的心理差别，情绪的热烈程度，周围的环境等等，而这些似乎对于那些完全人性化涉及道德的交流来说显得非常重要
Born to Win
Each human being is born as something new, something that never existed before. Each is born with the capacity to win at life. Each person has a unique way of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and thinking. Each has his or her own unique potentials---capabilities and limitations. Each can be a significant, thinking, aware, and creative being---a productive person, a winner.
每个人生来就是一个先前从未存在过的崭新个体，他在人生中成功立业的能力与生俱来。每个人都以其独特的方式观察，轻轻触摸，体味和思索大千世界。每个人都可以凭自己的努力成为一个有价值，有头脑，有感悟和有创造性的人即成功者。(5分)
人皆生而为新为前所未有则存在。人皆生而为赢。人皆有其特例独行之方式去审视，聆听，触摸，品味及思考因而都具备独特的潜质能力和局限。人皆能举足轻重，思虑明达，洞察秋毫，富有创意，成就功业（8分）
人人皆生而为新，生于世而亘古未见。人人皆生而为赢，富于思而受用终生。人人皆特例独行所见，所闻，所感，所说，所品，所思异彩纷呈。人人皆卓尔不凡，知其所能，查其所限。人人皆是举足轻重，思虑明达，洞察秋毫，富有创意，人人皆是卓越的天才，人人兼具王者的风范。（10分）
72．For individual sportsmen, pilots and drivers, speed had the status of a privileged substance to which, in those early days, only a minority had full access. Mechanized speed made men, and a few women, into heroes, and it remains a commodity to which males, in particular, are attracted.
对于个体的运动员，飞行员和驾驶员来说，速度具有一种特权的财富地位，在早期只有少数人才完全有办法获得这种地位。机械化的速度使得男性以及少数女性成为了英雄，速度俨然成为了一种商品，尤其是男性对此趋之若鹜。
1 I have met such persons, and found that there was no topic that might come up in the course of the conversation concerning which they did not have some facts or figures to produce, but whose points of view were appalling.
我曾经碰到这样的一些人，并且发现在谈话过程中可能出现的所有话题他们都能够提供事实和数据来加以支持，但是他们的观点相当令人惊愕。
否定结构的翻译
（一）部分否定：
代词或者副词，all/both/every.../many/entirely/altogether/absolutely/wholly
completely+not 并非所有...；并不是都...
例：All that glitters not gold.
Both the windows are not open.
Everybody does not believe the rumour.
（二）全部否定：
never/no/not/none/nobody/nothing/nowhere/neither/nor/not at all
He is no professor.
None of my friends smoke.
Our great motherland has never before being so prosperous as it is today.
（三）双重否定：是指同一个句子中出现两个否定词，即否定之否定
not...not
No spaceship can't be loaded with man.
（四）注意具有否定意义的词
The specification lacks detail.
The error in calculation escape the accountant.
far from
The newspaper...are far from ...
beyond
He is anything but scholar.
The machine is working none the worse.
might as well
小结：
如果定语从句结构复杂，信息负载量比较大，翻译到先行词前面不通顺的话需要后置。这时可以和主句脱离单独成句，但常常需要重复先行词或者用代词重复。
状语从句的翻译
状语从句的翻译方法
英语中的状语从句可以直接翻译，但一般要把时间、条件、让步和原因状语从句翻译到主句之前。
3．Infatuation often entails feelings of insecurity whenever the "lovers" are separated; feelings of doubt, fickleness, uncertainty, and fear of loss often accompany infatuation.
一旦相爱的双方分开，痴情经常伴随而来的是不安全的感觉；怀疑，朝三暮四，犹豫不决，患得患失经常伴随痴情而来。
4．Infatuation tends to be more manipulative than love because a lasting feeling of relationship probably has not developed, so that the individuals are still concerned mainly about their own needs and satisfactions.
痴情之所以比爱情更具有操控性，是因为一种长久的感情关系或许还没有建立，这样一来相爱的双方个人都仍然主要关注的是他们各自的需要和满足感。
2．If man's mind cannot be turned into a logic-machine, neither can it function properly as a great emotional sponge, to be squeezed at will.
如果人类的思维不能成为一台逻辑机器的话，那么它也不能成为一块巨大的感情海绵可以任意的挤压。
Death is a dramatic, one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with powerful external and internal forces, a bittersweet coming to terms with one's own personality and one's life.（1）
死亡是戏剧般的，一次性的危机，然而衰老则是一天天一年年的与内外强大力量抗争的过程，一个苦乐参半的过程，逐渐适应自己的性格和自己的生活。
特殊句型的翻译——被动结构
1. 首先可以主宾颠倒
2. 其次可以用让，给，叫，受到，得到，加以，得以，为...所，由...来，是...的等代
替，但必要的时候增加人们或者有人等泛指的主语，少用被字。
2018年考博英语翻译练习及参考【三篇】
2018年考博英语翻译练习及参考【三篇】 导读：本文2018年考博英语翻译练习及参考【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 【第一篇：健康的乐观主义】大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义，意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者，会尽努力做好一件事，而不是相信每件事都会有的结果。Ben-Shahar 会进行三种乐观方面的练习。比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲，感到心情郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是人之常情。他会提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔获，总会有一些演讲比其它演讲效果差。接着是重塑，他分析了这个效果不好的演讲，并且从那些起作用和不起作用的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。最后，需要有这样一种观点，那就是承认，在广阔的生命当中，一次演讲根本算不上什么。参考译文Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things
考博英语翻译笔记
考博英语翻译笔记 倒装和分割结构 为了强调句子的某些部分，或是为了保持句子平衡，英语中常常使用倒装。大体说来，倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。在翻译的时候，既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照字面意思翻译。非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置，以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。 1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 分析：本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略，并将助动词提前。 译文：例如，它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大才干。 2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's “baby boom ” generation reached its child-bearing years. 分析：该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。 译文：不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“ 生育高峰期” 出生的 一代人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样起了作用。 3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. 分析：该句的Much as I have traveled 是一个由as 引导的让步状语从句。相当于though I have traveled much ，但语气要比后者强。这种结构要求部分倒装。 译文：我虽然见多识广，但还从未见过比她细心的人，不管什么职业 4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. 分析：相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。Only 后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。但是要注意的是，如果only 修饰的不是状语，则不用倒装。 译文：只有很好地掌握了语法知识，写出来的东西才会正确。 5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West . 分析：当句首是否定副词或含有否定词的词语时，一般要部分倒装。 译文：1980 年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。 6. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him. 分析：hardly…when的结构表示“冈U…就…”。含有这种结构的句子常将hardly 置于句首，而采用部分倒装的语序。此外，hardly分句中一般采用过去完成时，而when (或before )分句中使用过去时。还有，与hardly…when… 结构类似的用法还有barely (scarcely)…whe n … 译文：他刚开始讲，听众就打断了他的话。 7. To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，
华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic
2003年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2003年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（20%） （略） SECTION II STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY（35%） Part A Directions:Questions31-40are incomplete sentences.Beneath each sentence you will see four-words or phrases,marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 31.This platform would collapse if all of us______on it. A.stand B.stood C.would stand D.had stood 【答案】B 【解析】一般现在时的虚拟语气结构，主句用would+动词，从句用一般过去式。 32.The young man who saw the car______into the river telephoned the police. A.plunged B.plunge
C.was plunging D.to plunge 【答案】B 【解析】see sth.do表示看到事物动作的整个过程，这里表示看见车陷入河里。 33.You can come with me to the museum this afternoon______you don’t mind walking for half an hour. A.unless B.so far as C.except D.if 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“如果你不介意走半个小时路的话，你今天下午就跟我一块去博物馆吧。” 可知为D，其余三项均不通。 34.We can rely on William to carry out this mission,for his judgment is always ______. A.inexplicable B.healthy C.sound D.straight 【答案】C
考博英语词汇和翻译练习题
考博英语练习题 1. Daily nutrition, weight, and physical activities in the family will largely determine whether your children are _____ to children diabetes. A. likely B. susceptible C. influential D. Sustainable 2. The accusations we bring against others should be ____ ourselves; they should not ____ complacency and easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct. A. denigration of.., exclude B. instructions to... equate C. parodies of... satirize D. warnings to... justify 【翻译练习】 1、英译汉参考译文 The researchers, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, say when people are living together they share behaviors, such as eating meals together and watching TV. The scientists also note that marriage provides a number of health benefits, including decreased cigarette smoking and lower mortality. 2、汉译英 举行的峰会可以促进六国之间的友好合作关系。 【参考答案】 1.B 【句子大意】每日汲取的营养成分，体重和在家锻炼很大程度上决定您的孩子是否容易患上儿童糖尿病。 【精析】likely“很可能的，合适的”；susceptible“易受影响的”；influential“有影响的，有势力的”；sustainable“可以忍受的，足可支撑的”；故选B项。 2.D 【句子大意】那些对他人的控告应该视为对我们自己的一个警告；我们不能够仅凭自身道德行径就有理由去妄下定论并且骄傲自满。 【精析】denigration of 诋毁，贬损；exclude排除，排斥；instructions教导，说明；equate使相等，视为平等；parodies of模仿，效仿；satirize讽刺，挖苦；Warnings to 警告；justify证明合法。根据原文，可根据第一句话，首先排除AC选项，对他人的控告不能是对自身的一种诋毁，或效仿。故选D项。 【翻译参考答案】 1、英译汉参考译文 北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)的研究人员说，两个人生活在一起就会一同行动，比如说一块儿吃饭看电视。科学家们还强调，婚姻会带来许多健康方面的好处，比如说少抽烟，死亡率也会降低。 2、汉译英参考答案 The Summit Sessions held in Shanghai could foster better relations and cooperation between the six counties. ===============================================================================
考博英语翻译真题汇总(汉译英-英译汉)
我的一个好朋友最近接受了白血病测试。她对我说，最令人痛苦的折磨就是苦苦等待测试结果的那一周时间。我朋友说，她可能会学着直面坏结果。但真正让人煎熬焦虑的是那种茫然的感觉。 孟克(Edvard Munch)的名画《呐喊》哈佛大学心理学家吉尔伯特(Daniel Gilbert)不久前在《纽约时报》(New York Times)的专栏中写道，不知道要发生什么坏事比知道什么坏事要发生的感觉更糟。我们大多数人之所以会夜不能寐、抽烟发泄，并不是因为道琼斯指数要再跌1000点，而是因为我们不知道道指会不会下跌──不确定的感觉比不确定的事情本身更折磨人。【英文】 A close friend of mine recently underwent tests for leukemia. The most agonizing part of the ordeal, she said, was the week-long wait for the test results. A bad outcome she could learn to cope with, my friend said. It was the not knowing, the uncertainty, that was so difficult. 'People feel worse when something bad might occur than when something bad will occur,' wrote Harvard psychologist Daniel Gilbert in a recent New York Times op-ed. 'Most of us aren't losing sleep and sucking down Marlboros because the Dow is going to fall another thousand points, but because we don't know whether it will fall or not ─ and human beings find uncertainty more painful than the things they're uncertain about.'
苏州大学硕士、博士学位授予工作细则
苏州大学 苏大学位〔2012〕20号 关于印发《苏州大学硕士、博士学位授予 工作细则》的通知 各学院（部）、部门、直属单位： 《苏州大学硕士、博士学位授予工作细则》业经第八届校学位评定委员会综合学部会议审议通过，现予印发，希认真贯彻执行。 特此通知。 附件：苏州大学硕士、博士学位授予工作细则 二〇一二年八月二十三日主题词：硕士博士学位授予工作细则 抄送：国务院学位委员会办公室；江苏省学位委员会办公室；校各党委、党工委，校党委各部门，工会、团委。 苏州大学研究生院2012年8月27日印发
附件： 苏州大学硕士、博士学位授予工作细则 第一章总则 第一条根据《中华人民共和国学位条例》、《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》及国务院学位委员会、江苏省学位委员会的有关规定，结合我校实际，制定本细则。 第二条本校授予硕士、博士两级学位，按国务院学位委员会和江苏省学位委员会批准我校有权授予学位的学科门类、专业学位类别授予。 第三条凡拥护中国共产党的领导，拥护社会主义制度，遵纪守法，品行端正，具有一定学术水平者，均可按本细则的有关规定，申请相应的学位，但不得同时向两个学位授予单位提出申请。 第二章申请学位的基本要求 第四条申请硕士学位的基本要求 攻读硕士学位人员(含硕士研究生、硕士专业学位研究生、高等学校教师在职攻读硕士学位人员以及同等学力申请硕士学位人员，下同)，达到下述要求者，可授予硕士学位： 一、掌握马克思主义的基本理论； 二、在本门学科上掌握坚实的基础理论和系统的专门知识；
三、具有从事科学研究工作或独立担负专门技术工作的能力； 四、能比较熟练地运用一种外国语阅读本专业的外文资料； 五、通过硕士学位的课程考试，成绩合格； 六、完成硕士学位论文，并通过论文评阅和答辩，论文已达到硕士学位的学术水平； 七、符合申请硕士学位科研成果的基本要求； 八、遵守学术道德规范。 第五条申请博士学位的基本要求 攻读博士学位人员（含博士研究生、博士专业学位研究生，下同），达到下述要求者，可授予博士学位： 一、较好地掌握马克思主义的基本理论； 二、在本门学科上掌握坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识； 三、具有独立从事科学研究工作的能力； 四、在科学或专门技术上做出创造性的成果； 五、能熟练地运用第一外国语阅读本专业的外文资料，具有一定的写作能力；并具有运用第二外国语阅读本专业外文资料的初步能力； 六、通过博士学位的课程考试，成绩合格； 七、完成博士学位论文，并通过论文评阅和答辩，论文已达到博士学位的学术水平；
2013年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY(30%) Part A(20%) Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there arc four choices marked A,B,C,and D respectively.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. l.Shoes of this kind are to slip on wet ground. A.feasible B.appropriate C.apt D.fitting 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这种鞋在湿地上容易打滑。apt恰当的；有…倾向的；灵敏的。feasible 可行的；可能的；可实行的。appropriate适当的；恰当的；合适的。fitting适合的；相称的。 2.I bought an alarm clock with an_____dial,which can be seen clearly in the dark. A.supersonic B.luminous C.audible
D.amplified 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我买了一个有发光针盘的闹钟，黑夜中也能看得很清楚。luminous发光的；明亮的；清楚的。supersonic超音速的；超声波的。audible听得见的。amplified 放大的；扩充的。 3.Her jewelry_____under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball. A.glared B.glittered C.blazed D.glowed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她的珠宝在灯光下闪闪发亮，让她成为了舞会上的焦点。glitter闪光；闪烁。glare瞪视；发眩光。blaze燃烧；照耀；激发。glow发热；洋溢；绚丽夺目。 4.Put on dark glasses or the sun will_____you and you won’t be able to see. A.discern B.distort C.distract D.dazzle 【答案】D
苏州大学考研参考书目_苏州大学考博参考书目_苏州大学汉硕参考书目_新东方在线
【2018年最新】苏州考研的参考书目全都要看吗？ 考研是一件容易也不容易的事情。容易的是，只要你认真而坚定，结果不会很差，而且这可 能是改变人生命运的第三次机会了。不容易的是，过程中有太多不确定，也太辛苦，考研的人越来越多但录取的名额就那么多，竞争压力总归是有的。 上有天堂，下有苏杭，足见苏州之美可谓是“冠绝群芳”。在这座城市中工作、生活，难以避免 会单调乏味，两点一线。因此很多人开始关注考研，所以在这里的热度也迟迟不退。 形形色色的考研相关信息，难免让大家眼花缭乱，但是没关系，经过小编的整理，希望大家 能够对其认识更深一步！ 相信很多同学在最初准备考研的时候都是信心满满，做的各种计划也很完美，在查找备考书 目的时候，往往会把一些经验贴中提到的课外书籍列为自己的必读书目，认为只要自己比他人看得多成绩也一定会高。 但是往往在备考进行到一半的时候，这些同学会开始产生一系列疑问，诸如自己到底该不该看这些书，该在什么时候看等等。大家要先树立一个关于课外书目的正确态度。 很多被推荐的课外书目都是一些知名学者的书籍，这些书无论从知识的深度和广度上都远远 超过考研的必考书目。要真正掌握这些书所花费的时间和心血也会超过大家的预想。 在真正看书之前很多同学会觉得把这些课外书目看上一两遍不会很难，但实际上很多课外书里涉及的知识需要比较深厚的功底才能真正理解，如果只是大致浏览一遍，除了浪费时间外不会有 任何其他效果。 一、该怎么看这些课外书 新东方在线全国研究生入学考试研究中心建议大家从基础书目开始看，一点一滴地积累知识，打下扎实的基础。当我们向一些前辈和老师提出复习中出现的问题时，他们有时会告诉我们这个问题很经典，某某的书里还举了其他类似的例子。 这时候我们就可以翻看一些课外书，并且要把一些常考的基础知识点以及由它延伸出的知识点做上记号或者整理到笔记本上。 我们不必把这些课外书籍从头到尾都认认真真地看完，可以直接跳到与课本相关的一些章节 ，并据此补充知识点。 如果我们只看一些与书本相关的零星的知识点，有时候会比较片面。我们可以把这些知识点 所在的章节大致地看一下，尤其要注意作者举到的一些例子。一般著作中出现的例子都是比较基础和经典的，或者是学界存在争议的一些问题。 二、课外书目的知识点有冲突怎么办 复习过程中，还会出现另一个难以避免的问题，那就是一些书对于知识点的解释存在冲突， 甚至学者们会据此分出派别。但我们毕竟还面临升学考试的压力，不可能像学者那样去深究它们。 1
[外语类试卷]2014年南京大学考博英语真题试卷.doc
[外语类试卷]2014年南京大学考博英语真题试卷 一、Structure and Vocabulary 1 Hunting is thought to be______for the extinction of some wildlife. （A）responsible （B）blamed （C）charged （D）denounced 2 The American students came to our school in November, and we then made a______visit to theirs. （A）reciprocal （B）bilateral （C）considerate （D）rewarding 3 That man claimed to be a______of Confucius. （A）descending （B）ascending （C）descendant （D）offspring 4 Can you______the truth of his statement?
（A）deny （B）refuse （C）decline （D）reject 5 I failed in my new job. If only I______my parents. （A）listened to （B）had listened to （C）have listend to （D）would listen to 6 He studied at a famous college when he was young, ______contributed to his success in later life. （A）which （B）it （C）that （D）what 7 My eldest sister went on with the story and young children around her ______ with " wonderful!" from time to time. （A）broke out （B）broke off （C）broke in
历年考研考博英语翻译词组汇总
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