大学英语四级新题型翻译练习(中译英)

1 红包

红包，又叫“压岁钱”，是用红色信封或纸包着钱的红纸包儿。红包，通常是用于中国农历新年或喜庆时馈赠的礼金。派:“红包”,是中国人过年的一种重要习俗。中国人喜爱红色，因为红色象征吉祥与好运，所以, 红包总是用红色的信封或纸来包。派红包或给压岁钱，是长辈们给未成年的晚辈。据说，压岁钱可以袪邪压祟，因为“岁”与“祟”谐音，晚辈得到压岁钱，就可以平平安安地度过一生。

Hong-Bao or Red Packet is also known as "a packet of lucky money", or simply "lucky money". Hong-Bao usually refers to a gift of money offered during the Chinese Lunar New Year and other celebrations/Giving or offering a Hong-Bao has been a traditional custom during the Chinese lunar New Year. Chinese people love the colour red as it is seen to represent good luck. A Hong-Bao is therefore usually made of red paper. Hong-Baos are normally given by seniors to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money helps drive away evil, because year and evil spirit sound alike. This means youngsters can protect themselves through the year.

2 北京

北京是有着三千多年建城史和八百五十多年建都史的历史文化名城。它荟萃伪(blend)由了元、明、清以来的中华文化，拥有众多名胜古迹和人文景观，是世界上拥有世界文化遗产(heritage sites)最多的城市。北京每年有超过一亿四千万的国内和国外旅客。北京城市面积为1.64万平方公里，常住人口约2000万。Beijing has a history of over three thousand years as a city, and over eight hundred and fifty years as a capital. It is a famous place that not only blends cultures of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, but also boasts many historical, cultural and beautiful scenic places. In fact, Beijing now has more cultural heritage sites than any other city in the world. Each year, Beijing receives over 140 million visitors from China and abroad. Beijing covers some 16.4 thousand square kilometers and has a population of about 20 million.

3中国农历

相传在4000多年俞的夏朝，即中国历史上第一个奴隶制王朝就幵始有了历法(calendar)，后人把当时中国古老的传统历法叫“夏历”。夏历是按月亮的运赶周期(rotating cycle)制定的，故又称作“阴历”。由于夏历中有一年四季节气的变化和农事安排，所以后世又习惯称之为“农历”，字面上的意思是农事月相日历(moon calendar),也就是今天所说的“中国阴历”。

A ccording to legend, China's first slave dynasty in history — the Xia Dynasty dating back over 4000 years ago developed the first calendar. The ancient traditional Chinese calendar was later known as the "Xia Calendar". Since it was based on the rotating cycle of the moon, it is also known as the "Lunar Calendar". As the Xia revolves around farming arrangements based on the seasons, it is commonly called "Nong Li", literally the farming moon calendar, also known as the China Lunar Calendar.

4中国传统婚俗

中国传统婚俗源于中国几千年的文化积淀。古时候结婚时，新郎先要把新娘接回家，然后举行结婚仪式，俗称“拜天地”。“拜天地”时，一要先拜天地，二拜高堂，然后夫妻对拜，最后喝交杯酒。中国传统婚礼总爱以明亮的大红色来烘托喜庆、吉祥、热烈的气氛。吉祥、祝福、孝敬因此成为婚礼的主旨。婚礼中的每一项礼仪都渗透着中国人浓浓的传统哲学思想.

Traditional wedding customs originated from the Chinese traditions that go back thousands of years. In ancient times when a wedding ceremony was to be held, the groom would first go and bring the bride to his home before the marriage ceremony, colloquially known as "bowing to heaven and earth". When the ceremony begins, the couple is first supposed to bow to the heaven and earth, and then bow to their parents, and thirdly, they will bow to each other before they are supposed to drink the nuptial cup toast. The Chinese traditional weddings love to use bright red color to match the auspicious, warm and festive occasion. Blessing of good luck, happiness and filial piety have become the main theme of weddings. Every wedding tradition helps demonstrate the strong Chinese traditional philosophy.

5故宫

故宫，也就是今天的中国故宫博物院(the National Palace Museum of China), 位于北京市中心，天安门以北,又称紫禁城，曾是明清两代皇宫。故宫始建于明永乐四年，历经十八年建成。紫禁城曾是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心，它以园林景观（landscape)和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。紫禁城宫城周围环绕着高10米、长3400米的宫墙，南、东、西、北有四个宫门，宫墙外有52米宽的护城河(moat)，独成体系。

Gu Gong, also the National Palace Museum of China today, is located in central Beijing. It is to the north of Tian'anmen and also known as the Forbidden City. It was the imperial palace for both the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The palace began to be built in the 4th year of Yongle period of Ming Dynasty and was completed after 18 years. The Forbidden City has been China's center of power for more than five centuries. With its landscape and massive architecture that includes its furniture and crafts and over 9,000 rooms, it is historical evidence of the priceless civilization of Ming and Qing Dynasties of China. Around the Forbidden City, there is a 10 meters tall and 3400 meters long palace wall, which opens on its south, east, west and north sides with four gates. Also surrounding the wall is a 52 meters wide moat that is an independent water system.

6文房四宝

文房四宝，是中国书画的主要工具和材料，它们是笔、墨、纸、砚，人们通常称它们为“文房四宝”，是说它们是文人书房中必备的四件宝贝。中国古代文人基本上都能书善画，是离不开笔墨纸砚这四件宝贝的。“文房”之名，起于我国历史上的南北朝时期，专指文人书房而言，以笔、墨、纸、砚为文房最常用。文房用具除四宝以外，还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、笔洗、印泥、印章、印盒等等，也都是书房中的必备之品。

The Four Treasures of Chinese Study, i.e. brush, ink, rice paper and ink stone, are unique tools of Chinese painting and calligraphy. People refer them as "four treasures"

because they are the four most cherished and very often used items in the study of Chinese scholars. Ancient Chinese scholars were basically all good at calligraphy and painting and that is why the tools were inseparable to them. The word "Chinese Study" first originated from the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which specifically meant to refer to a scholar study where the four tools were the most often used items. In addition to these four major items, other necessary tools for the Chinese study also include the brush barrel, brush holder, ink case, brush wash, inkpad, stamps, seal boxes and so on. 8中国四大名园

“北京的颐和园、河北省承德的避暑山庄、江苏省苏州市的拙政园(the Humble Adiministrator’s Garden)和留园（the Garden to Linger In)”并称“中国四大名园”。前两座是北方皇家园林的代表，后两座是中国南方水乡私宅园林的典型代表。中国园林独特的艺术风格表现主要有三：一是追求艺术性地体现大自然，即“虽由人作，宛自天开”；二是注重体现人的意趣和精神追求;三是造园手法富于艺术美。

China's four famous gardens refer to the Beijing Summer Palace, the Mountain Resort of Chengde in Hebei province, the Humble Administrator's Garden and the Garden to Linger In, in Suzhou of Jiangsu province. The

former two are representative of the imperial gardens in north China, while the latter two are typical private landscape residences in water towns of southern China. The unique artistic styles of Chinese gardens lies in three aspects: First, a pursuit for an artistic reproduction of great nature, that is, "Gardens should look natural although made by man". Second, focus on a pursuit of human flavors and spiritual tastes. Third, the importance of a beautiful work of art should be attached to the way of building gardens.

9. 京剧

京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装(costume) 脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣；穷困者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等.

Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more embroideries in the costumes of nobles, while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general, white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters, while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.

9.茶马古道

茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比如：大理古城、丽江古城、香格里拉(Shangrila)、雅鲁藏布大峡谷和布达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、驿站(post house)、古桥和木板路。这里是很多少数民族的家园，也是他们的民族舞蹈和民族服装(folk costume)的发源地。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minorities. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites, including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon and Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk costumes. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.

10. 四合院

四合院(Siheyuan)的是从明代的北京延续下来的古典建筑风格的住宅。四合院之间的狭窄的街道被称为“胡同”(Hutong). 一个四合院有园林包围（sorround)着的四个房子，有高高的围墙保护。四合院与胡同都是人们常见到的,有700多年的历史, 但是由于现在的城市改造(urban renovation) 和中国经济的发展，四合院慢慢地从北京消失。

Siheyuan is a classical architecture style of residential housing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty. The narrow streets between die siheyuan are called "Hutong", A siheyuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls. Siheyuan and Hutong which have been very familiar to people, having a history of more than 700 years now because of the urban renovation and economic development of China, they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.

11.少林功夫

少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfu)是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和尚们练习的一

种武术(martial arts).少林寺，建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty)太和(Taihe Period)十九年，是少林功夫发展的文化空间。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侣练习的，他的职责是保护寺庙。现在经过1500多年鲜发展，少林功夫已逐步发展成为一种完美技术和丰富含义相融合的艺术，在全世界享有声誉。

Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monks under the special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City, Henan Province. The Shaolin Temple, built in the Nineteenth year of Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a cultural space for the development of the Shaolin Kungfu. The Shaolin Kungfu, which is originally practiced by the Buddhist monks whose duties were to protect the temple, has been gradually developed into an art of perfect technology, abundant meanings and high reputation in the whole world after more than 1500 years of development.

12.筷子(chopsticks)

说到筷子的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的国家，用筷子吃饭已经有至少3000年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单，只有两根小细棒(thin stick)，但它

有很多功能，比如祧选，移动，夹(nip)，搅拌和挖。此外，它便于使用，价格便宜。而且筷子也是世界上独有的餐具(tableware)。使用筷子的人，无论是中国人还是外国人，都无不铁佩筷子的发明者。

As the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have meals with chopsticks. Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions, such as picking, moving, nipping, mixing and digging; moreover, it is convenient for use and cheap in price. Besides, chopsticks are also unique tableware in the world. Anyone using chopsticks, no matter Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor of chopsticks.

13.中国瓷都

景德镇，中国瓷都(ceramic metropolis)，是世界瓷器艺术花园的耀眼明珠。它位于长江南部，是江南一个有活力的(powerful)城镇。它制造瓷器 (porcelain)的历史有1700多年，已经形成了丰富的瓷器文化传统。稀有的瓷器文物(ceramic relics)，一流的瓷器工艺，独特的瓷器习俗，瓷乐器的优雅表演，以及优美的田园风光(rural scenery)组成了景德镇特别的旅游文化, 而且让景德镇成为中国唯一一个以瓷器文化为特色的旅游城市。

Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of China is a brilliant pearl in the world's art garden of ceramics. It is located on the south of the Yangtze River as a powerful town on the south of the Yangtze River. It has a history of over 1700 years, which has been crystallized into its rich cultural tradition of porcelain making ceramics. Rare ceramic relics, superb ceramic craftsmanship, unique ceramic customs, graceful performance of ceramic musical instruments and beautiful rural scenery make up the peculiar tourist culture of Jingdezhen and hence make Jingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city featuring ceramic culture.

14.孙大圣

孙大圣是中国古典文学名著《西游记》(Journey to the West)中的一个重要人物。他是唐僧(Tang Monk)的第一个徒弟。其实在中国，他最受欢迎的名字不是“孙大圣”，而是“孙悟空”，这是教他72变(the 72 supernormal abilities)的第一个师傅给他起的名字。“悟”的意思是“觉悟“。“空”的意思是“无”，这是佛学(Buddhism)中最重要的一个认识。在佛学中，人必须放弃欲望和所有对财离、名声的渴望，以培养自己为佛。

Monkey King is one of the main characters in Chinese classic literature masterpiece "Journey to the West". He is the first disciple of Tang Monk. Actually in China, his most popular name is not "Monkey King" but "Sun Wukong", which was given by his first master who taught him the 72 supernormal abilities. "Wu" means enlightening. "Kong" means emptiness, which is one of the most important understandings in Buddhism. In Buddhism, one has to give up every human desire and all attachments to wealth and fame etc, in order to cultivate oneself into a Buddha.

15.中医

中医(traditional Chinese medicine》是世界医学的遗产(heritage)。中医有比西方医学更好的治病方法。因为其独特的医治方式和良好的效果，现在中医在世界上越来越流行了。中医起源于(originate from)古代，已经发展了很长一段时间，它收集了治疗不同疾病的各种方法。传统中医讲究(pay attention to)人们身体系统的平衡。这就是说，一旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会消失。身体系统的损害是疾病的根源(source)。

Traditional Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the western ones Traditional Chinese medicine now is more and more popular in the world due to its good effect and its unique way to heal people. Originated from the ancient time, the Chinese medicine has developed in a long time and it has collected various ways to treat different illness. The traditional traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance of the body system of people I his means that once the body system of people is in balance, the illness will disappear. The damage of the body system is the source of disease.

16.独生子女政策

中画政府的教生子女政策（One Child Police）是在1978年才实施(be put into effect)的。相对而言，时间是比较近的。因此，1978年前出生的人很可能有一个或更多的兄弟姐妹(siblings)。该政策并不意味着对每个人都平等.对城市居民的意义更大。农民和中国少数民族(ethnic minorities)是允许生多个孩子的，尤其是如果第一胎是女孩。所以如果你到农村或中国偏远地区(remote region)旅行，你会发现有的家庭不止一个孩子。

The Chinese Government's One Child Policy was put into effect only in 1978. That's relatively recent. So, anyone born before 1978 very likely has one or more siblings. The policy is not intended to cover everyone equally and is meant more for the urban population. Farmers and China's ethnic minorities are allowed more than one child, especially if the first child is a girl. So if you travel to the countryside or into remote regions of China, you'll find some families with more than one child.

17.元宵节

元宵节(Lantern Festival)是在阴历的（lunar）一月十五曰。早在西汉时期，它已经成为具有重要意义的节曰。猜灯笼“谜语”（riddle)。灯笼的主入会将谜语写在一张纸条上并贴在灯笼上。如果游客想到了谜语的答案，他们就将纸条拿下来去灯笼的主人那里査看答案。如果他们答对”，就会得到一份小礼物。这项活动最早出现在宋代。因为猜谜集趣味和智慧手一身、它在社会各阶层(all social levels)之间都很流行。

The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, it had become a festival with great significance. Guessing lantern "riddles" is an essential part of the Festival. Lantern owners write riddles on a piece of paper and post them on the lanterns. If visitors have solutions to the riddles, they can pull the paper out and go to the lantern owners to check their answers. If they are right, they will get a small gift. The activity emerged in the Song Dynasty. As riddle guessing is interesting and full of wisdom, it has become popular among all social levels.

18. 七夕节

七夕节(Double Seventh Festival)，阴历七月七曰，是一个充满浪漫的传统节曰。这个节曰是在盛夏(mid-summer),正当天气暖和，草和树郁郁葱葱(luxurious green)。晚上，当天空点缀着(dot)星星的时候，人们可以看到银河系从北跨越到南。在银河的两边各有一颗明亮的星星遥遥相望。他们就是牛郎(Cowherd)和织女(Weaver Maid)，关于他们,有一个美丽的爱情故事代代相传。

The Double Seventh Festival, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, is a traditional festival full of romance. This festival is in mid-summer when the weather is warm and the grass and trees reveal their luxurious greens. At night when the sky is dotted with stars, and people can see the Milky Way spanning from the north to the south. On each bank of it is a bright star, which see each other from afar. They are the Cowherd and Weaver Maid, and about them there is a beautiful love story passed down from generation to generation.

19. 汤圆

象征幸福的圆圆的甜甜的汤圆(dumpling)是在元宵节(Lantern Festival)吃的传统食物。现在，在中国这些汤画也是一种流行的甜点。汤圆有两种：一种是由白糖和红糖(brown sugar)、带香甜味的桂花(osmanthus)、坚果(nut)和芝麻(sesame seed)做的；另一种有肉和蔬菜馅料(fillings)。目前，为追求真正独特的口味(flavor).中国人已经开始在汤圆中加入巧克力，尽管传统上是煮汤圆，但油炸甜汤圆越来越受欢迎。

Round sweet dumplings traditionally are eaten for happiness on the Lantern Festival. Today these dumplings also are one of the popular desserts in China, and come in two varieties: one is made of white and brown sugar, sweet-scented osmanthus, nuts and sesame seeds; the other has meat and vegetable fillings. Recently Chinese have begun adding chocolate for a truly unique flavor, even though boiled dumplings are traditional, fried sweet dumplings are becoming popular.

20. 苗族银饰

苗族妇女通常戴银冠、银手镯(bracelet)、全身都佩戴银链子，而且是越多越好，越重越好，以此来展示自己的美丽和财富。穿着华丽服装的苗族女人，身上的银饰可以重达10到15公斤。饰品(ornament)也可以作为爱情承诺的信物，儿童避邪(ward off evil forces)的吉祥物(mascot)，甚至还可以直接作为货币流通或存储。因此，苗族的银饰不仅是装饰，也是一种植根于苗族社会生活的文化载体(carrier)。

The Miao women usually wear their silver crown, bracelets and chains all over their body, the more and heavier the better, to show their beauty and wealth. The silver ornaments on a Miao woman in magnificent costume can be as heavy as 10 to 15 kilograms. The ornaments can also be used as token of love promise and mascot for children to ward off evil forces, or even tradable or stored directly as money. Therefore, the silver ornaments of Miao are not only decorations, but also a cultural carrier rooted in the social life of the Miaos.

21.黄山

黄山位于安徽省的南部。它有72座山峰，它被认为是世界上最独特(unique),最美丽的山脉之一，是中国十大风景名胜(China’s Top Ten Scenic Spots)里唯一的一座山。在中国，如果你爬山，就爬黄山吧！黄山风景四绝 (four features):云海、怪石、奇松和温泉。黄山，被称为“中国最美的山”，是中国历史上艺术和文学的一部分。现在，游客们、诗人、画家和摄影师都会来这个以壮观风景著名的地方朝圣旅行(pilgrimage)。

Huangshan is located in the south of Anhui province. With its 72 peaks, it is considered one of the most unique and beautiful mountain ranges in the world and it is the only mountain listed in China's Top Ten Scenic Spots. If you climb one mountain in China, let it be Huangshan! Four features of Huangshan Scenery: Sea of clouds, strangely shaped rocks, unusual pine trees, and bubbling hot springs. Huangshan, is known as "the loveliest mountain of China". And it is a part of art and literature in Chinese history. Today visitors, poets, painters and photographers come on pilgrimage to the site, which is renowned for its magnificent scenery.

22.清明

清明是中国的二十四节气(the 24 seasonal division points in China)之一, 每年4月4-6曰。节日过后，温度将会上升，降雨量会增加。这正是春天耕作和播种的好时节。但是清明节不仅是一个指导农活的节气，还是一个纪念(commemoration)的节曰。每到清明节，所有的墓地(cemetery)都挤满了来扫墓(sweep the tomb)和献祭的人。这一习俗现在已经大大简化了。稍稍清扫坟墓后，人们就拿出食物、鲜花和死者最喜爱的东西，然后烧香(incense) 烧纸币，在墓碑牌位(the memorial tablet)前鞠躬.

The Qingming Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year. After the festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases. It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing. But the Qingming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guide farm work, it is more a festival of commemoration. On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then bum incense and paper money and bow before, the memorial tablet.

23.秦始皇

秦始皇是中国统后的第一位皇帝,他成功创建了壮观又巨大的（enormous）建筑工程。他促进了文化和思想上的发展，同时也对中国造成了很大的破坏。应该记住他创造的功绩还是他的暴政(tyranny)是一个很有争议性的问题，但是每个人都应该承认，秦始皇是中国历史上最重要的统治者之一。

Qin Shi Huang was the First Emperor of the unified China. He managed to create magnificent and enormous construction projects. He also caused both incredible cultural and intellectual growth, and much destruction within China. Whether he should be remembered more for his creations or his tyranny is a matter of dispute, but

everyone agrees that Qin Shi Huang was one of the most important rulers in Chinese history.

24．赵州桥

赵州桥坐落在汶河上，距离赵县南部约2.5公里。这座桥是在公元605 年至公元616年建造的。赵州桥是由中国著名的匠师(mason)李春设计的，是用石头建造的，长50.82米，宽10米，还有一个不可思议的弧形桥洞，高7.23米,跨度(span)为37.35米。桥上的石头栏杆(railing)和柱子(column) 上雕刻着美丽的龙凤(dragon and phonix〉图案。这座桥是一座空腹式的 (open-spandrel)圆弧形石拱桥，两边有两个小拱，这是中国最早的拱桥(arch bridge)之一,在中国桥梁建筑史上占有重要的地位，让游客和工程师们都很感兴趣。

Zhaozhou Bridge was built on the Jiaohe River about 2.5 kilometers away from south of Zhaoxian county. The bridge was constructed in AD 605-616. The bridge was designed by a well-known Chinese mason, Li Chun, and it's made of stone, 50.82 meters long and 10 meters wide, with an unusual arch that is 7.23 meters high with a span of 37.35 meters. The stone railing and columns on the bridge were carved with beautiful dragon and phoenix designs. One of the earliest Chinese arch bridges with a long open-spandrel arch in the middle and two small arches on each side, this bridge occupies an important place in the history of Chinese bridge building and has been of interest to tourists and engineers alike.

25.杭州

杭州位于中国东南沿海，京杭大运河(Beijing-Huangzhou Grand Canal)的南端，它以其西湖的美丽景观而为人们所熟知。俗话说“上有天堂，下有苏杭”，表达了古往今来的人们对这座美丽城市的由衷赞美(heartfelt admiration)元朝(Yuan Dynasty)时曾被意大利著名旅行家马可，波罗(Marco Polo)赞为“世界上最美丽华贵之城"。西湖拥有三面倚山，一水抱城的自然风光，让普天下的人们对她充满向往，西湖那迷人的自然风光，使之总像一个充满魅力的美人儿，无论是打扮(deck out)简朴(plain)还是衣着华美。

Hangzhou lies in the southeast coast of China. Located at the southern end of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, it is widely known for its beautiful landscape of West Lake. The saying "Upper in heaven is the paradise, lower on the earth are Suzhou and Hangzhou", expressed ancient and modern people's heartfelt admiration for this beautiful city. In Yuan Dynasty the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo referred to |he city as "beyond dispute the finest and the noblest in the world". Nestled in three sides under the hills and opening her arms on one side to the city, West Lake has all the people under heaven yearn emotionally toward her, with her alluring natural scenery that is always like a charming beauty, whether plain or gaily decked out.

26.秧歌

秧歌是农历正月的主要的民间花市活动。在这种活动中，两人都盛装打扮，轮流唱歌(antiphonal)跳舞，其他人作为唱歌和跳舞的搭档。锣(gong) 鼓按照节奏敲打,唢呐(suona)或其他传统的弦乐器(stringed instrument)、木管乐器

(woodwind instrument)作为背景音乐。大多数时候，人们表演秧歌是春节后的前15天。如今，秧歌已蔓延到城市的公园，街道和广场，并演变成城市居民中流行的运动。

Yangge, which is one of the main forms of folk flower fair actions in the first month of the lunar year. In this activity, two people are dressed up, singing and dancing in antiphonal style; others act as singing and dancing partners. The gong and drum are beaten in rhythm; suona or other traditional stringed and woodwind instruments are dubbed in background music. The time when most people perform yangge is the first 15 days after the Chinese New Year. Nowadays, yangge has spread into city parks, streets and squares and evolved into a kind of popular exercise for urban dwellers.

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高中英语汉译英 1稍等一会儿，我会帮助你的。 请尽早做出决定,不然你会坐失良机.(or) 2他们作了自我介绍。(introduce) 3请去查询下班火车什么时候开。(find out) 4昨天下午2时到4时你在做什么？(过去进行时) 5我正在吃晚饭，电话铃响了。 6不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。(be fond of) 7他今天感到身体好多了。(a lot) 8礼堂里早已挤满了高中学生。(be full of) 9我在街上走时，看到了一些古老的建筑物。(while) 10我走近花园时，几个男孩子在爬树。(用过去进行时) 11请脱下你的旧上衣，穿上这件新的。(take off, put on) 12这件事是什么时候发生的？（happen） 13他去办公室查询课程表.(ask abut) 14当我们到达车站时，火车已开出了。(过去完成时) 15他服药后，开始感到好些了.(过去完成时) 16 我观看体育节目你有意见吗? (mind) :介意做某事 17我还没有读完那本有关伦敦的书.(finish) finish doing:完成做某事 18 他没有跟我说一声就离开了山村。(without) 19我告诉她我已把餐具洗好了。(过去完成时) wash up 20汤姆上楼去他的卧室时，他的姐姐已把他的上衣改短了一英寸。(过去完成时) 21我和汤姆都盼望早日见到您。(look forward to). 22全世界的人都在电视上观看奥运会.(all over the world) 23我听说这场比赛将延期。(put off). 24这里要讲英语.(被动) 25这座体育馆将于明年建成.(被动语态) 26过马路时要小心.(be careful) 27这次车祸是什么引起的?(cause) 28她总是乐于助人.(be ready to). 29这个女孩由于不遵守交通规则，在车祸中受了伤。(被动). 30到时候会通知你的.（被动语态） 31我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) not…at all:一点都不 32他把玫瑰栽在花园中间.(in the middle) 33他不知道她为什么在练习中有这么多的错误.(wonder) 34他告诉我一切都会好的。(过去将来时). 35谁也不知道我们什么时候举行下次会议. 36在新学校里有这么多的东西要学。 37当老师进来的时候，我们正在愉快地交谈。 38我们一读完初中就进入高中。 39我的老师比我想象的要年轻得多。 40晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟. 41我们将在明天下午举行班会.(用被动语态) 42 老师看见他的学生们在教室里做功课。(…doing…) 43她说鲁宾逊先生将不得不为那张画付高价. 44我的母亲说我们将在北京逗留两个星期。(过去将来时)

大学英语四级真题-翻译

今年考的三套翻译题均是跟中国的公共交通相关的内容，介绍了公交车、飞机、地铁服务的提升，以及市民生活水平的提高。展现了我国社会的发展和人民幸福水平的提升。 交通方式这一话题是考生日常所熟知的，也比较贴近考生的生活，词汇对于考生来说不是问题，“公交车”、“航空”等都是小学初中就接触到的词汇，但是需要考生去积累一些组合词汇，例如：“私家车private car”、“老年市民senior citizens”等。 对段落内容的理解也不是难事，毕竟交通方式是生活中老生常谈的话题，主要的难点在于一些固定的句式和搭配，例如“随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高”是考生耳熟能详的“万金油”句式。 诸如此类句式还有：“曾是……used to be…”、“越来越……more and more…”这些表达应该是考生在平时的学习中慢慢积累的。 此外，时态语态也是考生容易出错的点，由于汉语和英语表达习惯的不同，汉语中不常用被动，或者即使表达被动的意思也不会体现在句式上，例如：“公交车设施不断更新”，从字面并没有任何提示是被动，但语义的理解却带有被动的含义，翻译成英语时一定要体现出“be+过去分词”的结构。 又如“许多城市……一直努力……”,需要判断，这个动作发生在过去的某个时间节点，一直持续，并还可能持续下去，最后确定此处应选用现在完成进行时，在平时的学习中，应理解每种时态对应的情况，才能更加贴切地表达出原文所要传达的意思 句子的语序调整仍值得考生注意。时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语和方式状语仍然是重要的考点，一般情况下都要后置。 其次是句型的变化。注意运用被动语态(从中英文语用习惯以及动词发出者的逻辑主语去改句子)、插入语(例如，“包括许多农民和外出务工人员”)、there be 句型(非人主语+有/存在。例如，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁)和It为形式主语的句子(例如，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的)进行改句，防止句式单一。 过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。 In the past, travelling by airplane was unimaginable for most Chinese.

2013年12月大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题

2013年12月大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题 练习1 Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。 参考答案 Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “1 ”new year cake . 难点精析 ■1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。 2.纪念：翻译为介词短语in memory of,修饰前面的a day。 ■3.赛龙舟：翻译为hold dragon boat races,其中hold意为“举行”，“举行龙舟比赛”即“赛龙舟”。 4.观赏满月：“满月”即fMlmoon,此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。 5.象征着家庭团聚：“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol for,也可以用动词symbolize表示，“家庭团聚”翻译：为family reunion 即可。 练习2 Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。 参考答案 In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved. 难点精析 1.带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。 2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用| 介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是：两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。 3.充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。 4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic development，也是with介词短语的应用，在句中作伴随状语。

(完整版)历年大学英语四级翻译真题

历年四级段落型翻译真题 Roger Li 2014 年6 月大学英语四级翻译 试卷一：中餐许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition) 。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 译文： Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is viewed as not only a skill but also a form of art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredients vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 信息技术(Information Technology) ，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。译文： As Chinese citizens are attaching increasing importance to the rapidly developing Information Technology, some colleges even set it as a compulsory course. In regard to this, people hold different opinions. Some people view it as unnecessary move, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Other thinks it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology arouses public concern. 试卷三：茶文化 " 你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties) 期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18 世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。译文： "Would you like tea or coffee?" That 's a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners would choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四：中国结 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里

(完整版)高中英语中译英练习(五种基本句型)附答案

基本句型汉译英练习主谓宾结构（一） 说明： 此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语够成。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。 翻译练习： 昨晚我写了一封信。 今天下午我想同你谈谈。 这本书他读过多次了。 他们成功地完成了计划。 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 他不知道说什麽好。 他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 我开窗户你在意吗？ 参考答案： 1.I wrote a letter last night.

2.I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3.He has read this book many times. 4.They have carried out the plan successfully. 5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently. 7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 8.Jim cannot dress himself. 9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 10.He did not know what to say. 11.He takes a cold bath every morning. 12.Do you mind my opening the window? 主谓宾结构（二） 说明： 此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。 1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。如， They carried out the plan successfully.我们还可以说， They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只能说 As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully. 动副词组都可以这样用，如，point out（指出）, carry out（执行）, put forward（提出）, work out（做出，算出）, find out（找出）, give up（放弃）, give away（赠送，分发）,pick up（拣起）, put up（挂上）, 等。 2. 而含有介词at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如，look after（照顾）, look at（瞧）, look for（寻找）, belong to（属于）, refer to（参考，提及）, think of（考虑，评价）, send for（派人去请）, care for（喜欢）,suffer from（受…之苦）, deal with(对付，应付), object to（反对）, pay for（付…的钱）,等。即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of. in 在动词词组中用作副词，表示“在里面”，“往里进”，“在家”等意思。如，get in(收割),hand in（提交，交进）。 用作介词，表示“在…地点”，“在…范围”，“在…方面”。如，persist in(坚持)，succeed

历年大学英语四级翻译题汇总

1. You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions/orders.(按照我的指令去做) 2. Despite the hardship he encountered Mark never gave up the pursuit of knowledge.( gave up pursueing knowledge(放弃对知识的追求) 3. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before we find the cure for cancer.(我们找到治愈癌症的方法) 4. Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the consumers’ growing demands.(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步) 5. The more exercise you take ,the less likely you catch a cold.(你越不 大可能得感冒) 6. Soon after he transferred to the new school ,Ali found that he had much difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates.(很难跟上班里的同学) 7. If she had returned an hour earlier ,Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain.(就不会被大雨淋了) 8. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put on weight.(更有可能增加体重) 9. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is closely related to the lack of (physical) exercise .(与缺乏锻炼密切相关) 10. What many people didn’t realize is that Simon is a lover of sports ,and football in particular.(很多人没有意识到的) 11. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that they haven’t found answers today.(他们至今还没有找到答案) 12. What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.(大多数父母所关心的) 13. You’d better take a sweater which you in case it turns cold.(in case of temperature drop以防天气变冷) 14. Throught the project,many people have received training and decided to start their own business(决定自己创业) 15. The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor.(直到一名医生偶然发现了它) 16. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research could be applied to the development of the new technology.(能应用于新技术的开发)