新东方汉译英讲义 打印版-推荐下载
第三讲英汉句式对比与翻译讲义
第二讲英汉句式结构对比与翻译 如果说词是最小的可以独立运用的意义单位，那么句子是语言的基本运用单位。一般情况下，进行语篇翻译时，无论是英译汉还是汉译英，基本上都是以句子为翻译单位的。尤其是英译汉时，即使是一个很长的句子，一般也要将整个句子通盘考虑，搞清整个句子的逻辑关系才能将句子翻译成既能忠实传达原文信息、风格、逻辑关系又能保持通顺的中文。 如果是汉译英，有时句子较长，可以根据意群进行切分，然后将切分开的句子逐句译为英文。将英汉两种语言的句式结构进行对比，了解两种语言在句式结构上的异同之处，对翻译来说是非常重要的一环。 英文句式结构 英文句式结构基本上都可以归纳为主谓结构，即S+V（主语+谓语动词）的结构，即使是祈使句，也不过是省略了主语的句子。英文的句子结构在S+V的结构上可以扩展，但总不外乎五种基本变化。 （1）S+V：He langhed. （2）S+V+Ｏ：Mary is reading Harry Potter. 3）S+V+Ｏ＋Ｏ.c. We heard them quarrelling. （4）S+V+I.O+D.C He gave me some first-hand marerial. （5）S+link.V+P He is in dangerous situation. 以上这些句型充分显示出英文的基本句式结构是主谓结构，而且这是一种高度语法化的句式结构，其中主语一般是动作的发出者（doer\agent)或动作的承受者（doee)，即整个句子分别为主动语态和被动语态。 用上述主谓结构来套中文的句子模式，有一部分汉语句子与上述英语句子基本是对应的。例（1）至（5）的意思，中文也有与英文相似的结构，分别为： （１）Ｃ：他笑了。 （２）Ｃ：玛丽在读《哈里.波特》。 （3）C：我们听见他们争吵。 （4）C：他给我一些一手资料。 （5）C：他处于危险的境地。/他处境危险。 二、中文句式结构 （一）主谓结构（S + V ） 例1：他没来。（S + V ） He didin’t come. 例2：全家人都在看电视。(S + V + O) The family are watching TV. 例3：我们看到很多人站在广场上。( S + V + O + O.C ) We saw many people standing on the square. 例4：你能递给我那本书吗？( S + V + I.O + D.C) Would you please pass me the book? 例5：他看上去很失望。（S + link. V + P） He looks disappointed.
汉英翻译讲义第2部分
第三章词语的翻译 3.1 词的指称意义(denotation)和蕴涵意义(connotation)的理解与表达 A) 翻译下列句子，注意句中划线部分词语指称意义和蕴涵意义的表达 1. 他两岁就学会看表了。He could _________________ even when he was two. 2. 我能看出你在想什么。I can __________ your mind. 3. 你要是觉得这东西还看的过去，就买下来吧。If you think ________________________, then buy it. 4. 他看出了她的破绽。He ____________ her weak points. 5. 那是万万不行的。That’s _________________ out of the question. 6. 我万万没有想到。The idea ____________ occurred to me. 7. 党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。A party member should listen carefully to the______________of the masses. 8. 他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。They made some___________________ for the revision of the plan. 9. 大家对你很有意见。People have a lot of ____________________ about you. 10.他们就推举谁做下届总统侯选人取得了一致意见。 They have reached ___________________ on who will be the presidential candidate for the next general election. 11.他们在会上闹起了意见.They got into _____________________ at the meeting. 12.两位领导人就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 The two leaders exchanged __________________on bilateral relations and issues of common concern. 13. 那件大衣的面子很漂亮。_________________________ of the coat is very beautiful. 14. 如果怕丢面子，就说不好英语。 If one is afraid of ________________________________, he cannot expect to speak English well. 15. 我是个爱面子的人，这种事我可做不出。I would not do such a thing---I’m _______________________________. 16. 不是我不买你的面子，实在是这事儿不好办。 I have shown _____________________________________, but there is really nothing I can do for you. I’d like to ________________________________________, but there is really nothing I can do for you. 17. 南京的风俗：但凡新媳妇进门，三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜，发个利市。这菜一定是鱼，取“富贵有余”的意思。 The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to __________________________ by gong to the kitchen on the third day and _________ a fish, _____________ stands for fortune. 18. 他是我父亲。这姑娘是漂亮。此人是书就读。 He _____ my father. This girl is ______beautiful. This man reads _________________________. 是古非今是可忍，孰不可忍。 ________ the past to condemn the present. ___________ can be tolerated, what cannot?
翻译理论与实践之汉译英讲义(Key)
第1讲汉英词汇比较与翻译 练习1 一、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配。 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 二、翻译下列句子，注意划线词语的理解。 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern. 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor’s advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 练习2 一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them? 4. He presents all his books to the library. 5. A teacher should devote himself to the casue of education. 6. The committee consists of 15 members. 7. Air is made up of a mixture of gases. 8. Go in for rigorous training and set strict demand. 二、翻译下列词组，注意词汇的搭配方式。 1. set sail 2. open quotation 3. the beginning of spring 4. go into operation
汉译英翻译讲义
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翻译讲义
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汉译英概述讲义
汉译英概述 一、汉泽英与英译汉的比较 汉泽英与英译汉在本质上都是一样的，都是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的过程，所以对它们的要求是大致相同，即都必须使译文忠实与原文的内容，语言通顺易懂，合乎译入语的语言习惯；同时，尽量保持原作语言的风格。但它们又毕竟是两种不同类型的翻译，有相当大的差异，各自的重点和难点都是不尽相同。 翻译界一般都认为将汉语译成英语比将英语翻译成汉语要难，或者说将母语翻译成外语比将外语翻译成母语要难。 从翻译的两个基本过程——理解和表达来说，对中国学生来说，英译汉的主要难点在理解；汉译英的主要难点在表达。在汉译英时，从选词到组词成句，再到布局谋篇，困难重重。而译者自己往往难以断定自己的译文是否地道自然，是否符合英语的表达习惯，或者有无更贴切的译法。因此常常出现Chinglish。 运用母语时可以得心应手，游刃有余；而用外语表达则捉襟见肘，穷于应付，这就是汉译英与英译汉最大的差异,也是汉译英的主要困难所在。 二、汉英翻译标准 汉英/英汉翻译有着同样的翻译标准，对它们的要求基本一致，即“忠实”，“通顺”。 （一）忠实的要求： 1、译文要忠实原文内容，译者必须要把原文中的基本意义传达出来，不能有篡改，不能有遗漏，也不能任意增添原文所没有的内容。初学者这方面容易犯的错误有： A.逐字逐句的死译，不了解英语的地道表达，导致英语译文汉化，形成“中式英语”（Chinglish or Chinese-style English) “Chinglish, of course, is that misshapen, hybrid language that is neither English nor Chinese but that might be descr ibed as “English with Chinese characteristics” e.g.一小时内免费送机票上门 烧纸钱 中国的经济正在腾飞/经济腾飞 投资热点 拳头产品 隐形眼镜 洗牌 他（徐霞客）在考察的过程中，从不盲目迷信书上的结论。（TEM-8，1993） 创新是一个民族的进步的灵魂。 B.中文功底较差，对原文理解不当。 e.g.双方见面寒暄几句……(TEM-8,1996) 穷山恶水 行百里者半九十 西汉·刘向《战国策·秦策五》：“诗云：…行百里者半九十。?此言末路之难也。” 总理原文：今后几年，道路依然不平坦，甚至充满荆棘，但是我们应该记住这样一条古训：行百里者半九十。不可有任何松懈、麻痹和动摇。 The road ahead is not a smooth one. It may be full of twists and turns. But We should always remember this important thing, that is “Half of the people who have embarked on the 100 miles journey may fall by the wayside”. This means we must not slacken our efforts in the slightest.
综英2汉译英上课讲义
综英2汉译英
Unit 1 1.动物保护主义者强烈反对用动物做实验。Disapprove of Aniamal conservation strongly disapprove of experimenting on animals. 2.在馆长严厉的注视下，莎莉走进了博物馆。Stern Sally walked into the museum underthe stern gaze of the curator. 3.在广告行业干了一阵之后，吉姆去了一家大保险公司。Spell After a spell in the advertising business,Jim began to work for a large insurance firm. 4.周末期间估计有50,000人涌向伦敦观摩英联邦运动会的开幕式。 Flood It was estimated that 50,000 people flooded into London over the weekend for the opening of the Commonwealth Games. 5.他冲进了热闹的大街，混入人群中，希望那样警察就认不出他 了。Mingle with He rushed into the busy street and mingled with the crowd,hoping in that way the police would not spot him. 6.他蹑手蹑脚地从房间里走出来，以免吵醒她。Tiptoe He tiptoed quietly out of the room so as not to wake her up. 7.他买那幅油画是作为一种地位的象征，而并非对艺术有特别的兴 趣。Status He bought the painting as a status symbol,not because he was particularly interested in.
专八翻译讲义汉译英学生版2.12
英语专业八级考试翻译讲义
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”具体细分为4档： 4）“语言适切性 5）各档次条件： 优秀：能基本进行词语的正确翻译（突破原文词语的表层含义，实现指称、语境、语体、搭配等多方面意义的对等）；有较强的翻译转换意识——能在不改变原意的基础之上进行恰当的翻译转换（能对译句进行深层次的组织，译句符合译语句子的信息结构和重量特点）；语言流畅，用词恰当，符合译语规范。 良好：能一定程度地进行词语的正确翻译（突破原文词语的表层含义，实现指称、语境、语体、搭配等多方面意义的对等）；偶尔能体现出翻译转换意识——在不改变原意的基础上进行一定的翻译转换（如对译句进行深层次的组构，译句能符合译语句子的信息架构和重量特点）；语言较为流畅，用词较为恰当，符合译语规范。 合格：尚能进行词语的翻译，但多局限于指称意义的翻译，在语境、语体、搭配等意义的对等上有明显不足；句义尚且忠实，但缺乏翻译转换意识，基本不能在不改变原意的基础上进行恰当的翻译转换；语言尚流畅，部分用词不恰当，出现病句。 不合格：基本不能进行词语的翻译，意思偏离严重；没有翻译转换意识，
英汉翻译第一讲讲义
第一讲绪论 内容提要：时代呼唤翻译，翻译促进时代的发展。信息时代的特点之一是知识的交流与共享。翻译同一个民族的文明程度密切相关。中国的翻译事业任重而道远。介绍外国和对外介绍中国同样紧迫。翻译的理论研究、实践指导和课堂教学都亟待加强。 一、为什么要学翻译 翻译是语言工作者一项不可或缺的技能，是语言交流的一种手段，是不同语言使用者之间一种重要的交流工具。在今天这个信息化时代，随着社会的发展和进步，随着各国人民交流的日益频繁，翻译更是各国进行经济、文化、政治交流的有效工具，是世界各国谋求发展的重要途径。 二、翻译的定义、过程和性质 翻译是一种交际方式，可以从广义和狭义两方面来理解。广义上的翻译包括所有的符号之间、非符号之间、符号和非符号之间的转换行为。比如，一个手势变成一种语言，把汉语的文言文转变成白话文（语内翻译），把语言转化为计算机符号，甚至把你的所想所思诸于笔端，都是一种翻译。狭义上的翻译就是将一种语言转化成另一种语言，即语际翻译（interlingual translation）。这样的一种活动包括口头的和笔头的，即口译(interprettion)和笔译(translation)。 异化(foreignizing)指的是根据既定的语法规则按字面意思将和源语文化紧密相连的短语或句子译成目标语。例如，将“九牛二虎之力”译为“the strength of nine bulls and two tigers”。异化能够很好地保留和传递原文的文化内涵，使译文具有异国情调，有利于各国文化的交流。但对于不熟悉源语及其文化的读者来说，存在一定的理解困难。异化和同化具有相对性，随着各国文化交流愈来愈紧密，原先对于目标语读者很陌生的词句也会变得越来越普遍，即异化的程度会逐步降低。 归化（domestication）是指遵守目标语言文化当前的主流价值观，公然对原文采用保守的同化手段，使其迎合本土的典律，出版潮流和政治需求（Venuti,2001:240）〔1〕；或指在翻译中采用透明、流畅的风格(transparent, fluent style)，最大限度地淡化原文的陌生感(strangeness)的翻译策略 （Shuttleworth&Cowie,1997:43-44）〔2〕。主张以目的语文化为归宿的“归化派”提出译文不仅要克服语言的障碍，还要克服文化的障碍，而译者的责任之一就是避免文化冲突。同时，译者也是“传播者”，他不应对读者的智力和想象力提出过高的要求，而应尽可能的是源语文本所反映的世界接近目的语文化读者的世界，从而达到源语文化与目的语文化之间的“文化对等”。 异化(foreignization)是指偏离本土主流价值观，保留原文的语言和文化差异(Venuti,2001:240）〔1〕；或指在一定程度上保留原文的异域性(foreignness)，故意打破目标语言常规的翻译（Shuttleworth&Cowie,1997:59）〔2〕。主张在译文中保留源语文化的“异化派”提出翻译的主要目的是文化间的交流，源语文化将会丰富目的语文化和目的语的语言表达方式。读者的阅读目的也包括想了解异国文化，译者应相信读者的智力和想象力能理解异国文化的特异之处〔3〕。
英汉翻译讲义
E-C Translation Course Notes Definition Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida) Significance of Translation Plays the key role in inter-cultural communication 1. Bringing about mutual understanding and friendliness among nations. 2. Enriching our own experiences and knowledge of the world. The most important media in international trade and business. ------No translation, no globalization. The Criteria of Translation Tytler (p.5) 严复：faithfulness, intelligibility, and elegance(信达雅) 林语堂：忠实，通顺，美 钱钟书：化境 傅雷：神似 The procedures of translation Accurate comprehension Adequate representation Careful proofreading Requirements on the translators Good command of the languages Wide scope of knowledge Sensitive to cultural differences Hard working and willing to sacrifice personal gains and interests Strong sense of responsibility Literal Vs. free translations The former focuses on a word-for-word translation of the source text into the target text; while the latter involves language adjustment in the process of translation. No matter what method you may use, your translation should be correct, comprehensible to the target reader and close to the original style. Only when you keep the meaning and spirit of the original sentence structure a nd/or its figure of speech can your translation be regarded as proper literal translation, otherwise it is merely mechanical translation. Similarly, only when change the original sentence structure and/or the figure of speech but make no addition or deletion of the original meaning and spirit, can your translation be regarded as proper translation; otherwise it is simply random translation.
新东方翻译课程汉英句子翻译答案
讲义P 61 汉译英 句子部分 1.Customers from various countries and regions are warmly welcome to estaablish and develop business contacts. 2.Since then Wuhan has established friendly relations with several famous cities of the world, such as Pittsburgh in the United States, Duisburg in Germany, Manchester in Britain, Galatz in Romania, and Kiev in Ukraine. Thus a new page is opened in the history of Wuhan on the establishment of sister city relations with cities in other countries. 3.It is hoped that Shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future. 4.I know it is difficult for you to persuade him out of the plan. 5.The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan. 6.It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. 7.As is known to all, 1980 saw the successful launching of China 's first intercontinental guided missile. 8.It rains cats and dogs. 9.There have been established more than one hundred organizations of such kind since 1983. 10.By the end of last year, contracts and agreements were signed with some provinces and cities for the construction of more than 100 medium-and-small-sized vessels. 11.An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to Sister Li downstairs. 12.The strict management and report system have been carefully enforced, which ensures Changfei Corporation to run efficiently. 13.We have also formulated a series of preferential policies to absorb foreign capitals in such fields as technical renovation of old enterprises, and real estate development. 14.We have won one victory after another for our cause. 15.已经附在原文上。 16.已经附在原文上。 17.The section at Badaling was restored in 1957, and it is typical in its structure. It is 7.8 metres high on an average, 6.6 metres wide at the bottom, and 5.8 metres wide on the top. 18.Keling was born in Shaoxing, Zhengjiang Province in 1909. He is a modern Chinese writer. His first writing, a narrative poem, The Woman Weaver appeared in 1926. He was one of the editors of Children Times from 1930 onwards. Before 1949 he was all along engaged in editorial work in newspaper offices and took an active part in activities of film and modern drama in Shanghai. After liberation he filled the post of deputy editor-in-chief of Wehhuibao for a period. He is at present adviser of Shanghai Film Bureau. 19.I am from Shanghai. / I come from Shanghai. 20.You are from Beijing, / You come from Beijing. 21.She is from Shenzhen. / He comes from Shenzhen. 22.Our corporation will whole-heartedly serve various circles. 23.This produce has sold well since it entered the market, not only as an exquisite sounder, but also as a piece of high-grade furniture. 24.She is eighteen this year.
汉译英讲座讲义 学生版
2009年10月汉译英讲座讲义 前言英译汉真题分析与评分标准 Section 2: Chinese-English T ranslation (汉译英) (40 points) 由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。但是，50年的发展已经极大地改变了其昔日贫穷落后的面貌，西藏人民生活质量大大提高。社会经济的发展极大地丰富了人民的物质文化生活。2000年，西藏全区各族人民已基本摆脱贫困，实现温饱。部分群众生活达到了小康水平。随着人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩电、洗衣机、摩托车、手表等消费品进入了越来越多寻常百姓家。不少富裕起来的农牧民盖起了新房，有的还购买了汽车。西藏目前的人均居住面积处于全国首位。广播、电视、通信、互联网等现代信息传递手段已深入到人民群众的日常生活。绝大多数地区的百姓能够通过收听收看广播、电视，了解全国和全世界各地的新闻。当地百姓能够通过电话、电报、传真或互联网等手段获取信息资料，并与全国和全世界各地取得联系。由于缺医少药状况得到根本改变，人民群众的健康水平大幅度提高。西藏人均预期寿命由二十世纪五十年代的35.5岁增加到现在的67岁。（2005年5月三级真题） Tibet, located on the “Roof of the World”, is still an underdeveloped area in China because of its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by centuries of backward feudal serfdom. (3分) However, the development of Tibet in the past 50 years has greatly changed its former poor and backward look, and the Tibetan people’ s living standards have greatly improved. (3 分) Social and economic development has enriched the people’ s material and cultural life remarkably. (2 分)In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet basically shook off poverty, and had enough to eat and wear. (2 分) Some of them began to live a better-off life. (1分) Along with the improvement in the people’ s livelihood, consumer goods such as refrigerators, color TV sets, washing machines, motorcycles and wristwatches have entered more and more ordinary homes. (4分) Many well-off farmers and herdsmen have built new houses. (1分) Some have even bought automobiles. (1 分) Currently, Tibet ranks first in per-capita housing in the country. (1分) Radio, television, telecommunications, the Internet and other modern information transmission means are now part of daily life in Tibet. (3 分) News about various parts of the country and the world now reach most people in Tibet by radio and TV. (2分) Local people can obtain information from and make contacts with other parts of the country and the world through telephone, telegram, fax or the Internet. (2 分) The Tibetan people’ s health has also improved substantially, because the situation featuring a lack of both doctors and medicine has changed fundamentally. (3分) The average life expectancy of the Tibetan people has increased from 35.5 years in the 1950s to 67 years presently. (2 分)