中考英语复习专题十二 动词的语态

专题十二动词的语态

,河北五年中考命题规律及趋势

考纲要求

1.一般现在时的被动语态

2.

一般过去时的被动语态 3.一般将来时的被动语态

考查点年份题号选项设置分值

一般现在时的被动语态201932

fill/filled/are__filled/w

ere filled 1分201834

list/are__listed/will

list/will be listed 1分201735

knows/is__known/was

known/will be known 1分

一般过去时的被动语态201638

praises/praised/is

praised/was__praised1分201538

moves/moved/is

moved/was__moved1分

动词的语态为河北中考单项选择题的必考点，且都与时态相结合，主要表现为一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。选项的设置均为一个动词的不同时态和不同语态。题目设置在近5年来很少出现明显的时间状语提示，需要分析语境才能判断出选项。语句多为单句形式，词数多为9—13个。

预测2020年河北中考的单项选择题必定会出现一道题考查被动语态，并与时态相结合。

,河北中考重难点突破

单项选择。

(D)1.(2019河南中考)—Where is your book report？Did your dog eat it again?

—No，it ________ almost ________，and then my computer just died on me!

A．不填；finishes B．不填；finished

C．is；finished D．was；finished

(C)2.(2019安徽中考)The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ________ before the rainy season comes.

A．is completed

B．was completed

C．will be completed

D．has been completed

(C)3.(2019吉林中考改编)The environment in my hometown is improving because many trees ________ every year.

A．plant B．planted

C．are planted D．were planted

(A)4.(2019自贡中考改编)—Tom is always careless with his schoolwork.Could you help him?

—No problem！I think he ________ to think twice before starting.

A．should be told B．shouldn't be told

(C)5.(2019江西中考)Gina went to the doctor's yesterday and she ________ about the importance of good living habits once more.

A．told B．is told

C．was told D．has told

【满分点拨】

一、动词语态的分类

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

1．主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：

Many people speak English there.那里很多人说英语。

2．被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如：

Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的4种时态的被动结构如下：

时态被动结构例句

一般现在时am/is/are＋

done

This kind of car is made in China.这种车是中国制造

的。

一般过去时was/were＋

done

The flying disk was invented by college students.这种

飞碟是大学生们发明的。

续表

时态被动结构例句

一般将来时will/shall＋

be＋done

The bridge will be finished in a month.这座桥将

在一个月后竣工。

情态动词情态动词＋

be＋done

Many trees should be planted every year.每年应

该种许多树。

三、主动语态变被动语态的方法

1．图示

2．口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。

3．变换步骤：

(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语。

注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：

My English teacher praised me for my good pronunciation.→I was praised by my English teacher for my good

pronunciation.我的英语老师因为我的发音好表扬了我。

(2)将动词改为“be＋过去分词”。

注意：be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：

They held a meeting yesterday.→A meeting was__held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。

(3)将主动语态的主语改为by…，放在谓语动词后。

注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：

He sang a song.→A song was sung by__him．他唱了一首歌。

4．分析河北近5年考情发现，涉及语态的试题选项中通常有两个主动和两个被动，并且有现在时态和过去时态。学生在做题时，可从以下角度进行分析：

(1)判断句子是主动语态还是被动语态

读懂句意，确定主语，判断主语表示人还是物，主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。当主语为人时，需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否是主语发出：若为主语发出，用主动语态；若不是主语发出，用被动语态。当物作主语的时候，谓语动词要用被动语态。由此可排除主动语态的选项。对于被动语态来说，试题主要是让大家找出谓语动作的执行者或承受者，这就要根据句子的意思进行判断。

(2)确定句子的时态

被动语态的使用离不开时态，所以应根据句中的时间状语、上下文的提示或动作发生的时间来判断应使用哪种时态的被动语态。

四、常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构

1．含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：

Jack told us the truth.→We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。

2．主动语态中有些感官动词(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动

语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear/see sb.do sth.→sb.be heard/seen to do sth.如：

We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.→The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。

3．主动语态中有些使役动词(make，let)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。即：make sb.do sth.→sb.be made to do sth.如：

The teacher makes his students do too much homework every day.→His students are made to do too much homework by the teacher every day.那位老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。

五、不能使用被动的情况

1．连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等，用主动形式表示被动含义。如：

The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。

2．有些动词的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing sth.(需要做某事)，be worth doing sth.(值得做某事)等。

如：

Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的卧室太乱了，需要马上打扫一下。

3．表示“发生”的happen和take place，无被动语态。如：

The story happened on a cold night.故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。

六、主动形式表示被动意义

wash，clean，cut，sell，read，wear，write，drive，lock，burn等通常与well，easily，slowly，quickly等副词连用。如：

The book sells well. 这本书卖得很好。

七、特殊结构

make sb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth.done(请某人做某事)。如：

Your hair is too long.You should have your hair cut.你的头发太长了。你该剪头发了。

,河北中考考点精练单项选择。

(A)1.(2019广东中考)It is said that one Greater Bay Area university ________ in Guangdong in the future.

A．will be built B．build

C．will build D．is built

(C)2.(2019福建中考改编) As one of the most exciting sports，volleyball ________ in the Olympic Games in 1964.

A．included B．is included

C．was included D．include

(B)3.(2019南充中考)—Lucy，what have you learnt from this history class?

—Paper ________ first ________ about 2，000 years ago in China.

A．is；invented B．was；invented

C．is；inventing D．was；inventing

(D)4.(2019连云港中考改编)It's reported that the medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo ________ from 100% recycled material.

A．are making B．have made

C．is made D．will be made

(D)5.(2019扬州中考)The 2021 International Horticultural Expo ________ in Yangzhou.

A．holds B．will hold

C．is held D．will be held

(D)6.(2019黄冈中考)—Oh，your room is too dirty，Mike!

—Sorry，Mum.It ________ yesterday.I forgot to do it.

A．didn't clean B．isn't cleaned

C．was cleaned D．wasn't cleaned

(D)7.(2019铁岭中考)The Chinese traditional poems ________ to spread by popular singers.

A．is singing B．are singing

C．is sung D．are sung

(B)8.(2019达州中考改编)—Dr. Bethune helped a lot of Chinese in the 1930s.He is a great international soldier.

—I know，so he ________ still ________ in both China and Canada now.

A．has；remembered B．is；remembered

C．will；remember D．is；remembering

(D)9.(2019咸宁中考)—The passenger refused to move after taking another one's seat!

—What a shame！He ________ according to the newly credit system(诚信体系)．

A．punish B．punished

C．will punish D．will be punished

(D)10.(2019盐城中考)In Chinese culture，children born in the Year of the Monkey ________ to be smart.

A．say B．said

C．will be said D．are said

(B)11.(2019遂宁中考)Some people think trees ________ on Tree Planting Day only.

A．should plant B．should be planted

C．should be plant D．should be planting

(C)12.(2019南京中考)The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it ________ 18 years ago.

A．set up B．is set up

C．was set up D．will be set up

(B)13.(2019宜昌中考)—It's reported that 31 of the brave young men ________ in a big forest fire in Sichuan.

—I don't know who they are，but I know who they are for.

A．were killing B．were killed

C．killed D．had killed

(B)14.(2019唐山路北区一模)—Maria，I looked for you everywhere at Kevin's birthday party yesterday.

—Oh，I didn't go，because I ________.

A．hasn't invited B．wasn't invited

C．isn't invited D．didn't invited

(B)15.(2019秦皇岛海港区一模)—What are you watching?

—The Story of China.This part ________ in Yangzhou in 2014.

A．filmed B．was filmed

C．has filmed D．films

(英语)中考英语动词专项训练及答案

（英语）中考英语动词专项训练及答案 一、动词 1．—How many _______doctors are there in your hospital, David? —_______them _______over one hundred. A. woman, The number of, is B. women, A number of, are C. woman, A number of, is D. women, The number of, is 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：——戴维，在你们医院有多少女医生？——有100多名。空一，根据be动词are，可知是可数名词复数，woman的复数形式为women；空二，根据over one hundred，可知此处表示数量，固定搭配the number of，……的数量，空三，主语是the number of…，谓语用第三人称单数is。故选D。 【点评】考查不规则可数名词的复数和短语辨析。注意掌握常见的不规则可数名词复数的变形，注意the number of…，……的数量，a number of...，大量的……。 2．My elder brother my wet sports shoes and made me sit by the fire. A. took off B. kicked off C. carried out D. put out 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我的哥哥脱掉了我的湿的运动鞋，让我坐在炉火旁．took off脱掉．kicked off踢开．carried out进行，执行．put out扑灭．根据题干后半句made me sit by the fire让我坐在炉火旁．可推知前半句意思为我的哥哥脱掉了我的湿的运动鞋．结合选项只有A符合题意．故选A． 【点评】考查动词短语辨析。 3．Mum, what are you cooking? It_______ so sweet. A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】：妈妈，你正在做什么呢？闻起来这么香。taste“尝起来”；feel“感觉”；sound“听起来”；smell“闻起来”。结合语境，故选D。 【点评】考查系动词辨析。 4．—Mm…Your pizza______ so nice.——Thanks! Would you like to try some? A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——嗯……你的比萨闻起来真香。——谢谢，要试一些吗？A. smells闻起来；B. feels感觉，摸起来；C. sounds听起来；D. tastes品尝，尝起来。食物要么闻到香味，要么尝到味道，根据语境，这里是闻到，故选A。

高考英语语法专题复习动词时态和语态

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高考英语语法复习专题：动词时态和语态 一、考点聚焦 1、动词时态考查要点简述 （1）一般现在时考点分析 ①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100o C. ②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用 动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. ③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to Middle School. ④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 ⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一 个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 . every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday.

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2018届中考英语专题复习专题十二动词的语态考点综合集训含解析

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