现代大学英语3教案

Lesson one Y our College Year

教学目的：了解作者及相关的背景知识

通过对本文的学习，使学生对大学生活有一个全面、正确地认识，全面了解自己，更好地适应

大学生活

掌握语言点

教学重点及难点：

重点——对文章内容的充分理解与掌握

难点——几个专业词汇的理解“developmental changes”、“identity crisis”、“psychological

independence”、“internalizing religious faith”

教学内容：1.作者及背景简介

2.课文讲解及语言点

3.课堂讨论

4.语法学习：the way sb doesd sth.

Ways of expressing the object

Determiners

5.练习及作业

基本要求：1.学生在课前应预习课文，并完成pre-class work 中的作业

2.通过课堂讲解使学生理解文章内容，并对自己的大学生活有一个清晰地认识

3.认真完成课后作业

教学方法：加强互动，通过提问了解学生的预习情况。以师生互动方式讲授课文，练习以学生为主，教师侧重解决重点及检查学生的完成情况。

时间分配：8节课一个单元

I. Introduction

A. About the text

This is a text about what students will experience in their “college years”. It is addressed to college students in the United States. But with some modifications, what the author says here will also make perfect sense to our students.

College life is both exciting and frustrating experience. It is clear that young adulthood is an extremely important period in our life.

Not everyone knows how to handle their sudden independence or freedom. There are also those who take their newly found independence to mean that they can do anything they want.

B.About the author

Dr. Bob H artman is a children’s story-teller and part-time pastor. He was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to England in the summer of 2000.

II. Warming-up exercises

1. What are my goals for the college years?

2. Do you find it easy to relate to the opposite sex? Do you agree with the author that stressful as it is, it is nevertheless one of the most important goals we must achieve during school years?

III. Detailed study of the text

1.（Para. 1）“Has it ever occurred to you that your professors and other school personnel have certain goals for

your growth and maturity during your college years? Has it ever dawned on you that certain

developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood?”

A. Draw the student’s att ention to the difference between Chinese and English in expressing this idea: In Chinese, the subject is usually a personal pronoun, whereas in English, the anticipatory “it” is used.

More examples:

It never occurred to me that wealth could ruin a person’s life.

我从来没想到财富能毁灭一个人的一生。

It suddenly dawned on us that high savings rate may not be a good thing.

我们突然想到高的存款利率未必是件好事。

It gradually began to dawn on the economists that the problem was not overproduction, but

under-consumption.

经济学家们逐渐认识到，问题不是生产过剩而是消费过低。

B. developmental changes:

This is a psychological term which refers to the physiological and behavioral changes throughout the lifespan.

2.（Para. 2）During this time, students are going through an identity crisis and are endeavorin g…

to go through: to experience; to undergo; to suffer

e.g.: The country has gone through too many wars.

这个国家经历了太多的战争。

I admire the way she’s still so cheerful after all she’s gone thr ough.

我钦佩她经历了那么多苦难以后，仍然这样精神愉快。

Other meanings of this phrasal verb:

I don’t think this plan will go through the Security Council.（be accepted by）

我认为这个计划不会在安理会通过。

Have you gone through all your money already?（to use up; to finish）

你已经把所有的钱花光了吗？

It’s too late to back out. We just have to go through with it.（to do it because you have promised or planned to do it, even though you are no longer sure you want to do it.）

现在打退堂鼓太晚了，我们必须把它完成。

Identity crisis: It refers to the difficulties, confusions and anxieties that you go through during adolescence when you are not sure who you really are and what your purpose in life is.

to endeavor:⑴v i （＋to-V）（fml or pomp）to try （正式或夸张）尝试，企图

e.g.: I’ll endeavor to pay the bill as soon as possible.

我会尽快地设法付清账单。

⑵n. 努力，尽力。

e.g.: They couldn’t do it, despite their best endeavor.

他们虽然尽了最大努力，但仍做不成。

The Climbing of the Mount Everest was an outstanding example of human endeavor.

攀登珠穆朗玛峰是人类奋勇进取的突出例证。

She made no/every endeavor to help us.

她（没有）竭力帮助我们。

3.（Para 2）It is important to know how people perceive themselves as well as how other people perceive them. perceive: v [not in progressive form]

to notice or become aware of sth发觉，察觉到，意识到；

to understand or think of sth. in a particular way；认为，视为，理解为

e.g. He perceived a subtle change in her manner.

perceive + that They perceived they were unwelcome and left.

perceive + wh-We were unable to perceive where the problem lay

perceive + obj. + V-ing I perceived a small trickle of blood coming from the patient’s ear.

perceive sb/ sth as This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough in the field of medicine.

perceptible adj that can be perceived, noticeable 可察觉到的, 可看见的(imperceptible)

perception n a. the action of perceiving (or perceptiveness) 感觉,知觉

b. the ability to perceive well; keen natural understanding洞察力,理解力

e.g a man of great perception 一个极有洞察力的人

perceptive adj showing an unusual good ability to notice and understand 感觉灵敏的,有洞察力的

e.g. a perceptive woman/ perceptive comments一位洞察力强的女士/颇有见地的评论

4.（Para. 2）…identity is determined by genetic endowment （what is inherited from parents）, shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events.

Meaning: Who we are is determined by three things: First, our genes, or what our parents have given us, our legacy;

second, environment, and third, luck or opportunities.

Chance events: “Chance” here is an adjective, meaning“accidental”.

e.g.: This chance meeting with the famous writer changed his whole life.

与这位著名作家的偶然邂逅改变了他的一生。

This medicine is said to be a chance discovery.

据说这种药是偶然间发明的。

5.（Para. 3）to be independent from

Not ice the different prepositions used after “dependent” and “independent”: to be independent from（or of）but to be dependent on

e.g.: Financially they are still dependent on their parents.

他们在经济上仍然依赖他们的父母。

These banks are now completely independent of (from) each other.

现在这些银行不依赖他人而各自独立。

6. (Para. 3) It may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education.

“It”here refers to the word “struggle” in the previous sentence. “To heighten” means to become str onger or intensified. The whole sentence therefore means that if they choose to go to college to continue their

education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the

need of being dependent on the financial support of their parents.

7. (Para. 4) What are the four distinct aspects?

The four distinct aspects are functional independence, attitudinal independent, emotional independence, and freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibitio n, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.”

8. (Para. 4) freedom from “excessive need for approval, closeness, togetherness, and emotional support in

relation to the mother and father.”

freedom (free) from sth.: no longer having sth. you do not want

e.g. The most important freedom our people should have is the freedom from hunger.

我们的人民应有的最重要的自由是远离饥饿。

An ideal society is one free from exploitation and oppression.

理想的社会是没有剥削和压迫的社会。

Within a month, the whole building is free from flies and mosquitoes.

这栋大楼一个月里没有苍蝇和蚊子。

Note: Freedom from sth is different from freedom of sth. Compare:

“We look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech

and expressio n—everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way-everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from wan t…everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear…Anywhere in the world.”—Franklin D. Roosevelt.

9. (Para. 4) Fourth is freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and

anger in relation to the mother and father.”

Children often feel very guilty in relation to their parents because they think they have done something wrong; they are also anxious because they are eager to please their parents; they sometimes feel unhappy because they think that their parents have not been fair to them; they feel that they are responsible to their parents for everything they do; they are always afraid of not saying the right thing or not behaving properly; all these may make them angry with their parents or make them feel resentful.

These feelings reflect their emotional dependence on their parents. When they grow up, they usually strive for the freedom from these.

10. (Para. 4) to stand back: to consider about sth by a certain distance 置身于一定距离之外考虑事物

e.g.: You must stand back from day-to-day business to grasp the wider pattern of the events.

11.(Para.7) He…was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow.

Meaning: He was beginning to realize that his world was becoming smaller and his choices fewer.

“Narrow” here is used as a verb.

More examples:

We must try to narrow the difference in income between the rich and the poor without delay.

This mighty river narrowed to a gorge of about 50 meters when it came to this place between the

fountains.

12.(Para.7) people from a variety of ethnic backgrounds

Meaning : people from many different races

Today sociologists often prefer the word “ethnic” to “racial”, and “ethnic group” to “race”. There are differences of course. The Hans and the Tibetans are both Chinese, belonging to the same yellow race, but they belong to two ethnic groups.

13.(Para.7) equal to

to be equal to: to be just as good as

e.g.: Many of our products are equal to the best in the world. 堪称世界一流

It is ridiculous to think one race is not equal to another because it has a different skin color.

to equa l: v t (not in progressive forms)不用进行时

⑴(of a size or number) to be the same as (在大小或数量上) 等于，与…相等

e.g.: ‘X=Y’means that X equals Y.

‘X=Y’就是指X等于Y。

The year’s sales figures up until October equals the figures for the whole of last year.

本年度到十月份的销售数字就等于去年全年的销售数字。

⑵(in, as) to reach the same standard as 比得上，敌得过

e.g.: None of us can equal her grace as a dancer.

论跳舞，我们谁也比不上她的舞姿优美。

Their ignorance is only equaled by their stupidity.

只有他们的愚蠢才可能与他们的无知不相上下。

14.(Para.7) These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime. Meaning: These values that are established during the college years often last a lifetime. It is believed that our character or basic moral principles are formulated during this period of time.

15.(Para. 9)…seeing the people from other countries in a different light.

to see sth/sb in a certain light: to see sth/sb in a certain way

e.g.: What he did made us see him in a new light.

他的所作所为让我们对他有了新的看法。

After I took that course, I began to see the world in different light.

学了那门课程之后，我开始用一种新的眼光看世界。

Note:“light” is a formal word, which refers to the way in which sth or sb appears or is regarded

e.g.: The workers and the employees see the situation in a quite different light.

工人与雇主对形势的看法大相径庭。

16.(Para.10)…it is an experience that contributes to young adults’ growth and maturity.

to contribute to: to help to cause sth to happen

e.g.: These measures contributed greatly to the economic recovery of that country.

这些措施对那个国家的经济复苏起了很大作用。

What do you think are the main factors that contributed to the success of that company?

你认为那个工厂成功的主要因素是什么？

17. (Para.10)…they are also acquiring new ways of assembling and processing information .

They are also finding or learning new ways of arranging, organizing, analyzing or understanding information. It implies that mere information is not scientific truth. Scientific truth requires the processing of information in college, students will learn new approaches, methods, and theories which will change many of their prejudices. IV. Discussion

1. Do you agree with the author that young adults like college students are bound to go through an identity crisis? Have you had any identity crisis yourself or do you know anybody who has?

2. Do developmental changes and identity crisis only occur to adolescents? How about younger children and elderly people? Can you elaborate?

V. After-class homework

1.Recite paragraphs 1, 9, and10.

2.Memorize the new words.

3.Finish all the exercises in the text book.

Lesson Two Discovery of a Father

教学目的：了解作者及其在文学史上的重要地位

掌握本文的语言点及一些有用的表达法

理解儿子的心里转变过程，即儿子是怎样由不解父亲到理解父亲的

通过对本课的学习使学生认识到交流的重要性，只有通过交流，才能弥补代沟造成的隔阂；只

有这样才能加深与父母的亲情。

教学重点与难点：

理解游泳对小男孩人生的重大影响，真正领悟那个情景中的象征意义及文中的深层含义

教学内容：1.作者简介

2.课文讲解及语言点

3.课堂讨论及内容复述

4.语法学习grammatical functions of the participles(present & past) ; past tense; verb forms

5.练习及作业

基本要求：1.学生在课前应预习课文，并完成pre-class work 中的作业

2.通过课堂讲解使学生理解文章内容，并使学生认识到交流在弥合代沟中的重要作用。

3.认真完成课后作业

教学方法：加强互动，通过提问了解学生的预习情况。以师生互动方式讲授课文，练习以学生为主，教师侧重解决重点及检查学生的完成情况。

时间分配：8节课一个单元

I.Introduction

A.About the author

Sherwood Anderson (1876~1941)

Sherwood Anderson’s life was in a way archetypal of literary lives in modern America. He was born into a poor family in Camden, Ohio, the U.S. in 1876, but spent his formative years in the town of Clyde, Ohio, which inspired the setting of many of his stories. He worked as a laborer in 1896~1898, then served in the Spanish American War.

He was the author of many stories and novels, and he was a major influence on a younger generation of important writers, including Faulkner, Hemingway, Wolfe, Steinbeck, and others, both through his writings and his acts of personal kindness. It was through his influence, for example, that the first books of both Faulkner and Hemingway were published.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/563901792.html,anization of the Text

The passage can be divided into two parts:

The first part describes what the father looked like in the boy’s eyes: a stupid windbag, and even a clown.

The second part describes the elimination of the generation gap between father and son on a wet night, thus the boy indeed discovered his father.

II.Warming-up exercises

1. 1.Do you agree that fathers often want their children to be what they themselves cannot be? What does the

author mean when he says that it also works the other way?

2. 2.What kind of a father did the author wish to have as a child? Did his father meet his requirements? How

did he feel about his father at first? What qualities did his father have that made the author particularly unhappy? Give examples.

3. How did the author as a child describe his father? Why did he think of him as foolish and ridiculous —a

windbag and a good-for-nothing? Was his father really showing off all the time? Why was he so popular among the villagers including the local celebrities? Why did the author’s mother have no complaint about him?

III. Detailed Study of the text

1. (Para.1) You hear it said that father want their sons to be what they feel they cannot themselves to be,but I

tell you it also works the other way.

The first part of the sentence normally means that fathers often want their sons to realize their

unfulfilled dreams. Here however, it means that in a general way fathers want their sons to live up to

their expectation. “But,” the author says, “..it also works the other way.”“ It is also true the other way

around. Children have the same demand on their fathers”

This sentence is rather complex in structure, involving the use of a “that” clause represented by the

anticipatory “it” as part of the complex object of “hear’. Within the “that” clause, there is another

complex object of the verb “went”, and part of this the infinitive phrase “to be”, which contains

another noun clause introduced by ‘what”.

Have the students analyze this sentence grammatically.

2.（Para.1）a flow of pride

A continuous stream, movement, or supply of something.

e.g During the tourist season, the flow of traffic usually doubles.

在旅游季节，交通流量通常成倍增长。

Thanks to a steady flow of foreign capital they are able to expand their economy rapidly.

由于外资的稳定流入，他们才能够快速发展经济。

They know they are going to face a terrible flow of refugees if nothing is done to prevent this humanitarian disaster.

他们知道，如果不采取措施阻止这场人道主义灾难的发生，他们就会面临一场可怕的难民潮。

3. (Para.2) …..he was always showing off.

Refresh the students’ memory of the use of continuous tenses to express strong approval

or disapproval.

e.g He is always making fun of other people. I don’t like that.

他总喜欢取笑别人。我不喜欢这样。

He is embarrassing. He is always saying the wrong thing at the wrong time.

他这会儿感到局促不安。他总是在不恰当的时候说些不该说的话。

She is a wonderful person. She is always helping others.

她是个非常好的人。她总喜欢帮助别人。

4. (Para.2) I didn’t see how mother could stand it.

Paraphrase: I didn’t understand how mother could put up with this.

to stand: [usually in questions and negatives,一般用于疑问句和否定句；not in progressive forms 不用于进行时] to accept successfully or without undesirable results; bear 经的起；承受；忍受；忍耐

e.g.: This work will hardly stand close examination.

这件作品经不起仔细的检查。

I think the Prime Minister’s decision will stand the text of time.

我认为首相的决定将经的起时间的考验。

He wants to marry me, but I can’t stand the sight of him.

他想娶我，但我一看见他就讨厌。

[ +V-ing] I can’t stand seeing children smoking.

我一看见孩子们吸烟就讨厌。

[ +obj+v-ing] I never could stand people tolling me what to do.

我从来不能忍受被人家摆布。

~~up : 耐久；耐用；经的起。

5.（Para.4）…..he was shouting back and having as good a time as they were.

Notice the difference between the use of “as…as” in this sentence and that in “he runs as fast as I do.” In the latter, “as” is followed by an adverb, whereas in the former, “as “ is followed by a noun modified by an adjective( ‘a good time”). When it is followed by a noun modified by adjective, the adjective should be placed before the indefinite article.

e.g. The other day, I heard as interesting a story as what you just told us.

前几天，我听到一个有趣的故事，和你刚刚讲的一样。

He gave me the last food he had although they were having as difficult a time as we were.

虽然他过着和我们一样苦的日子，但是他却把他剩下的最后一点粮食给了我们。

6. (para5) …..there were always a lot ofmen…….because he gave too much credit.

Loafing: idling; wasting time; killing time ; fooling around (Compare: a loaf of bread)

Went broke: because bankrupt; became penniless

Note: “broke” here is an adjective

to give too much credit: to lend too much; to allow customers to buy things without paying

The implication is that most of those debts were never repaid.

7. (Para.6) There’d be men I didn’t think would want to be fooling around with him.

It should be:There’d be men who I didn’t think would want to be fooling around with him.

Want to be fooling around: this continuous tense in the infinitive phrase also emphasizes a strong disapproval.

e.g. I know him only too well. You just wait and see. Very soon he’ll be complaining again.

我太了解他了。你就等着看吧。很快他就会又开始抱怨了。

Even after he retires, he will still be thinking about the factory where he has been working for 40 years.

他即使退休之后也仍然会想着他曾经工作了四十年的工厂。

8. (Para.7) …..to where there was a grassy place by a creek.

Notice that the clause introduced by “where’ here is not an adverbial clause but is used a s the object clause to the preposition “to”. In meaning, it is similar to “…to a place..”, but then the

“where” clause is apposition to “place”.

Grassy: Notice that the suffix “-y” here means “full of” or “coverer with”,

e.g. During the rainy season; a windy day; a dusty room; his hairy chest; a bony fish; a leafy vegetable; fatty food; a fleshy hand; a wordy speech; a weedy place.

9. (Para.7) sit about: (informal) to sit doing nothing, esp. while waiting or while others are active 坐着等待，无所事事

10.（Para. 10）Just the same.

= all the same : in spite of a particular situation or opinion etc 尽管如此；然而；不过

e.g. We don’t need any more money. But thank you just the same.

我们不需要更多的钱了。然而还是要谢谢你。

The one-child-family policy of course can cause problems, but we must stick to it just the same right now.

独生子女政策当然会产生一些问题，尽管如此，我们现在仍要坚持实行它。

You are my only brother, but I can’t let you break the law just the same.

你是我唯一的哥哥，尽管如此我仍不能让你违法。

11. (Para. 11) To hear him tell it he’d been in about every battle.

Paraphrase: If you had heard him tell the story you would think that he has been in about every battle.

This infinitive phrase placed at the beginning of a sentence is used as an adverbial, modifying but independent of the whole sentence. It should not be viewed as an adverbial of purpose or result.

e.g. To see him spend money the way he did, he’d be a prince of Saudi Arabia.

看他如此花钱，他可能是沙特阿拉伯的王子。

To watch these people waste good food, you’d never believe that it is happening in a country where millions of people are still hungry.

看到人们如此浪费粮食，你绝不会相信这是发生在一个仍有成百万的人在忍受饥饿国家。

12. (Para.11) to be intimate with : to be extremely close to亲密的亲切的

e.g.: He is intimate with the president.

他和总统关系密切。

13 (Para.13) to slip off: to go off quietly or secretly without being noticed or caught.

Also: to slip out; to slip into; to slip through one’s finger

14. (Para.14) when he got word….cured

word: the news or information

e.g.When word gets out that the company is planning to fire another 500 workers, the workers are very angry.

公司打算裁掉500名工人的消息传出后，工人们很愤怒。

So far there is still no word about the cause of this air clash.

到目前为止，还没有关于这次空难起因的消息。

Just before the slowdown, he passed the word that he was willing to negotiate.

就在怠工之前，他传出话来，说他愿意谈判。

15. (Para.18). I knew we had them licked.

to lick: (informal) to defeat an opponent often in sports, game, fight etc. (非正式)在比赛，战争中打败／战胜。

e.g.: I think we are finally got the problem licked.

我认为我们最终解决了那个问题。

Other meanings:

1) to make the tongue across the surface of sth., in order to make it wet,eat it, clean it, etc. 舔舔吃。

e.g.: to lick a postage stamp.舔湿邮票。

to lick an ice cream 舔吃冰淇淋。

The dog licked the dish clean.那条狗把盘子舔净了。

e.g.: The cat licked up the milk from its bowl. 猫从碗里舔喝牛奶。

３）（～against）(esp. of flames or waves) to pass lightly or with quick movements over or against the surface of sth.. (火焰或浪头)掠过。吞卷。

e.g.: The flames licked against the building.火焰吞卷着那栋楼。

Phrases:

to lick one’s lips 舔唇向往切盼

to lick one’s wound （失败后）重整旗鼓，重新积蓄力量。

to lick one’s boots 巴结某人，对某人卑躬屈膝

16.(Para.19) An orderly riding by had told him, because the orderly knew how thick he was with Grant.

to be thick with sb. : to be very friendly with sb.

In the sentence “ They are as thick as thieves”, it means that they are very friendly with each other, often sharing a lot of secrets.

17 (Para.23) He’d slap it on the table

to slap sth on the table : to put sth. on the table noisily because you are angry or proud.

18 (Para.23) “you bet I’m going to see…..

you bet : (slang) you can be sure, certainly （俚）的确，当然，一定

e.g.: “Will you tell her?” “ you bet.” “你会告诉她吗？”“当然会。”

19 (Para.23) …. Maybe the woman had dared to sympathize with he r.

Paraphrase:…maybe the woman had been rude enough or foolish enough to express sympathy for my mother.

20(para.25) So they had to hush it up.

to hush up: to keep (sth. that should be publicly know)secret 不让张扬，遮掩，隐瞒。

e.g.: The president tried to hush it up that his adviser had lied.

总统竭力掩盖他的顾问说了谎这一事实。

to hush the fact /the truth up 掩盖事实/真相

21（Para.34）. ….he put my hand on his shoulder and struck out the darkness.

The symbolic meaning of his father’s action: Father and son, striking out into the darkness together, with the boy’s hand on the father’s shoulder. They are swimming together in the pond, but in a symbolic sense, they are also getting ready to fight against heavy odds in life together.

22 (Para.38) . He had become blood of my blood ;he the strong swimmer and I the boy clinging to him in the darkness.

Paraphrase: He had become may real father. He was no longer a stranger to me.

Implicaiton:In the darkness, in the rain ,in the water, I discovered my father, stricking hard to support the family.

23. (para.40) What have you boys been up to?

Notice the playful tone the mother used. She was treating her husband as a naughty boy.

IV. Discussion

1. 1.Why was father different from what he used to be?

2. 2.Why did father ask son to go swimming on such a wet night?

3. 3.Do you think the change of son’s attitude towards father was too sudden? Why or why not?

V. After-class homework

1. 1.Recite paragraphs 23,31,and35-38.

2. 2.Memorize the new words.

Finish all the exercises in the text book.

Lesson Three Michael Dell’s Two-Billion-Dollar Dream

教学目的：了解Michael Dell的相关知识

掌握Michael Dell成功的关键因素

学会并掌握本文的语言点及一些有用的表达法

通过对本文的学习，引导学生讨论“什么是成功”，并使学生真正认识到物质财富并不是衡量成

功的唯一要素

教学重点与难点：

重点——Michael Dell 成功的关键因素

难点——关于商业与贸易的一些有用的表达方法与专业术语

教学被容：

1.关于Michael Dell及其他

2.课文讲解及语言点

3.课堂讨论

4.语法学习：grammatical functions of the infinitives

Appositive clauses Vs relative clause

Tenses

基本要求：1.学生在课前应预习课文，并完成pre-class work 中的作业

2.通过课堂讲解使学生理解文章内容，并使学生认识到“什么是成功”以及应当如何正确对待成

功。

3.认真完成课后作业

教学方法：教学方法：加强互动，通过提问了解学生的预习情况。以师生互动方式讲授课文，练习以学生为主，教师侧重解决重点及检查学生的完成情况。

时间分配：8节课一个单元

I. Introduction

A. About Michael Dell

The name of Michael dell is familiar to many young people, especially to those who are determined to go in for business. Born in 1965, this wizard boy is able to turn himself into a multibillion-dollar tycoon in a matter of a few years. How does he do it. This text gives us a glimpse of the special qualities of this boy, which have contributed to his dramatic success.

Michael dell is the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Dell Computer Corp. which he founded in 1984 with $1,000 and an innovative idea : sell computer systems directly to customers. By using this approach, Dell has made itself the world’s most prepared computer systems company and a chief provider of products and services needed in infor mation technology and Internet infrastructure. In 18 years, the company’s sales have grown to $ 31.2 billion for the past year.

B.Secrets of Michael Dell’s success

Dell’s secret of success: to be the first. Success usually belongs to the person who dares t o be the first , to be creative and original. Another thing is his ambition, Dell is highly motivated. Equally important is his tenacity. He works hard. He never gives up. His success is the result of his toil and sweat. The next point is perhaps his thirst for knowledge.

II.Warming-up exercises

1.Did Michael Dell distinguish himself academically at school? What kind of student was he? Would you describe him as a promising young scholar? Or would you regard him as a complete failure as a student? In what way was he different from other students?

2.how did Dell come up with the idea of starting a computer company? What made his company such a stunning success? Was it sheer luck? Does Dell have any qualities as a businessman that impress you deeply

3.What do you know about Michael Dell’s private life ? What does he do the massive wealth he has accumulated ? What do you think of his story ? Is there anything we can learn from him/

III. Detailed Study of the text

1. (Para.1)…..painstakingly putting together…..a maze of ropes to….could be attached .

……carefully and thoroughly putting together a trotline….

trotline: a strong fishing line strung across a stream, or deep into a river, having individual hooks attached to

a maze of: a large number of things arranged in a complicated and confusing way, e.g. a maze of streets; a

maze of paths; a maze of rules etc (maze: 迷宫)

to be attached to: to be connected with; to like very much; to be part of (附属于)，to think something has a special feature

e.g.There is a hospital attached to the medical school.这所医学校有一家附属医院。

A trailer is attached to the car.小汽车后面挂着一辆拖车。

The two sisters are very much attached to each other.两姐妹彼此感情非常好。

The university attaches great importance to the development of students’ abilities.

N. attachment 依恋之情

2. (Para.1) “grab a pole and join in the fun”

to join in: to take part in (an activity)as a member of a group. 参加加入进来。

e.g.: She started singing and we all joined in

她开始唱起来，我们也一起跟着唱了起来。

3（Para.2）……………to call it a day

to call it a day: (infml) to decide to stop working because you have done enough or because you are tried

e.g. I don’t know about you guys, but I’m tried and hungry. Let’s call it a day.

我不了解你们这些人，但是我现在又累又饿。今天就这样吧。

At around half past five yesterday afternoon, the power suddenly went off. So we hade to call it a day.

昨天下午五点半左右，突然停电了。因此我们不得不结束工作。

(Compare: to call it quits for the day)

4.(Para.2) Still , the youngster cast the trotline far into the water, anchoring it to a stick that he plunged deep in the sand.

youngster: (old-fashioned) a young person

Note: The word “youth” is often used to refer to the period of time when a person is you

（青春）or used to refer to young people as a group（青年们）

to cast: to throw

to anchor sth .somewhere: to fasten sth. to a certain place firmly so that it cannot move

to plunge into:1）to push, jump , or rush suddenly or violently all the way into (something deep, thick, etc)跳入，冲进，把….插入

e.g.: Firemen plunged into the burning building to rescue the child.

消防员们冲进燃烧着的大楼去营救这个小孩。

She plunged the knife into his back.

她把刀刺进他的背部。

2）to being or force suddenly into (the stated esp. unpleasant condition)使陷入

e.g.: The room was plunged into darkness.

这个房间陷入一片黑暗之中。

These dangerous policies could plunge Europe into a new war/ the country into

chaos.

这些危险的政策会使欧洲陷入新的战争。（使该国陷入混乱）

3）To begin suddenly or hastily 突然或仓促地开始做某事。

e.g.: She plunged into a description of her latest illness.

她突然开始描述她最近的患病情况。

5. (Para.3)Over dinner…empty-handed.

to tease: 1) to make jokes about or laugh at unkindly or playfully. 取笑戏弄拿….开玩笑

e.g.: At school the other children always teased me because I was fat.

在学校里，别的孩子总是取笑我，因为我长的胖。

Don’t take it seriously---he was only teasing!

别把这当真，他只不过是在开玩笑。

2）to annoy(an animal or person) on purpose .故意逗弄，有意激怒。

e.g.: Stop teasing that cat!

别再逗弄那只猫了！

6. (P ara.4) He has become… the youngest man ever to head a Fortune 500corporation.

to head….: this is an infinitive phrase used as an attributive to the noun “man”.

to head : to be at the top or at the front of

You are heading for trouble if you don’t listen to me. (moving in that direction)

She was asked to head a delegation to discuss the border issue with India. (to be in charge)

7. (Para.5) to be imbued with:

to imbue sb. with sth. : [usually pass一般用于被动语态] to fill with (sth. esp. a strong feeling or opinion) 使某人充满（强烈的感情或想法等）把….灌输于

e.g.: A president should be imbued with a sense of responsibility for the nation.

一位总统应对国家充满责任感。

8.(Para.6) Like the time a saleswoman came asking to speak to “Mr. Michael Dell” about his getting a high

school equivalency diploma.

Obviously the 8-year-old boy had asked this saleswoman about the possibility of buying a high

school equivalency diploma, not knowing of course that the diploma is not for sale.

Dell’s parents naturally were surprised, therefore he had to “explain” to them.

Notice that he was unusual even as a little boy. He couldn’t wait to complete his education.

9.(Para.6)…..it might be…out of the way .

to get sth. out of the way: to finish sth., esp. sth difficult or unpleasant,

e.g I just want to have my tooth filled and get it out of the way….

Can’t you do your washing now and get it out of the way? It only takes a few minutes.

10.(Para.8)Newlyweds ,he figured, were the best prospects.

Paraphrase:He guessed that newly-married people were the most likely to buy the subscriptions.

Prospec t: a person or plan or job that has a good chance of success in the future.

Here: a potential client

e.g. I think the prospects for our products are in Africa.

我认为我们的产品的未来在非洲。

The trade between the two countries have bright prospect.

两国之间的贸易有着光明的前景。

11.(para.10) …but dealer were selling them at a hefty markup.

hefty: big and heavy as in “a hefty man”, “a hefty book”, “ a hefty amount”, “a hefty fine”, “ a hefty blow” etc.

markup: the increased price at which you sell the product. It comes from the phrasal verb to

“mark up”.

e.g. This car is sometimes marked up at 50%.

Notice how this compound noun is made: mark (V.)+up (adv.)=markup (n.)

Observe the following similar compound nouns:

Printout; handout; backup copies; takeover; sellout; bailout; markup; checkup; pickup; comeback; payoff; playback; runaway; rundown; standby.

12.(Para.11) to buy/sell at cost: to buy or sell sth at the price paid for its production.

e.g.: The dealer said he would sell me the car at cost.

汽车商说他将按进价把那辆车卖给我。

13.(Para.13)After one mouth he started selling computers again-with a vengeance.

Paraphrase: After one mouth he started selling computers again—even on a larger scale or with a greater effort. with a vengeance: (infml) even to a greater than is normal, or desired变本加厉地.

e.g He tried to quit smoking—only for two weeks. Then he started smoking again, with vengeance.

他试图戒烟, 只戒了两个星期。然后他就又开始变本加厉的吸了。

In some areas, TB is back, and with a vengeance.

在一些地区，结核病变本加厉的卷土重来了。

14. (Para.14) It was time to come to grips with the magnitude of what he created.

to come to grips with: to understand and deal with a difficult problem or situation

e.g. It’s high time we came to grips with the drug problem.

是认真处理毒品问题的时候了。

The first thing they decide to come grips with was their financial reform.

他们决定处理的第一件事情是进行财政改革。

magnitude: the great size and importance of.

15.（Para.14) The business was now grossing more than $50,000 a month.

to gross: to make a total profit (before tax has been taken away) 获得毛利达….

Compare:

to net: to make a net profit 获得毛利达。。。

to average: to be usually the amount 平均达到。。。

16. (Para.15) Over spring recess, Dell confessed to his parents…..

Recess: (AME) time for rest between lessons, during a working day or in the year.

Confess: V (~to) to admit a fault, crime or something wrong that you have done.承认[错误，罪行等]；供认坦白

e.g.: The prisons has confessed (her crime/to the murder.)

该犯人招认了[她的罪行（犯有谋杀罪）]

[+V-ing] He confessed (to) leaving the cigarette to the chair.

他承认把香烟留在椅子上。

[+obj+adj] (fml正式)

The police have confessed themselves (to be ) completely puzzled by this strange crime.

警方承认他们完全给这桩奇特的案件搞糊涂了。

[+that]Jean confessed that she’d eaten all the cakes.

琼承认蛋糕都是她吃掉的。]

n. confession

17. (Para.19) So they made a deal.

to make a deal(AME)=to do a deal(BRE): to make an agreement

e.g.: The car company has make/done a deal with a Japanese firm to supply engines in exchange for wheels.

这家汽车公司与议价日本商行达成交易，一发动机换取车轮。

18.（Para.21）Under a deadline, his pace was frantic.

Paraphrase:He had to work extremely hard and fast because he had to meet a deadline.

19. (Para 22) to specialize in: to limit all or most of one’s study, business etc, to a particular

activity or subject.专门研究，专门从事，专攻

e.g.: After she qualified as a lawyer, she decided to specialize in contrast law.

在她取得律师资格之后，她决定专门从事契约约法的业务。

A company that specializes in (producing) home computers

专门生产家用电脑的公司

20.（Para.23）To keep pace, Dell moved to larger quarters and hired more staff.

To keep pace (with): to move as fast as the increasing demand

e.g. We must keep pace with the changing times.

我们必须跟上时代的发展。

It is getting more and more difficult to keep pace with the rapid development of science and technology.

越来越难跟上科技的发展了。

Quarters: an area where a particular type of people live or work.

e.g. Living quarters; married quarters (where married officers live); staff quarters (where staff members live); headquarters (where an organization is con trolled)

Staff: (used as a collective noun here) people who work in a school or company

Compare the following different uses:

We need more staff.

They have a staff of about 80 people.

The teaching staff of that school is very strong.

Are you a member of the staff?

21.(Para.24) From necessity, he learned accounting basics---experience that would prove invaluable in the years ahead. 四级考试中曾出现过

Invaluable: is not used to talk about money or prices. It means very useful indeed..不是用来指金钱或价格的，它的意思是非常珍贵或有用的。

Priceless: of such a high value that it can not be calculated.无价的，贵重的，无法估价的

e.g.: This ancient gold coin isn’t just invaluable, its priceless .

这枚古金币不只是珍贵品，而且是无价之宝。

Your assistance has been invaluable.

你们的协助非常珍贵。

Their advice prove invaluable to us on our journey.

事实表明，在我们的旅行中，他们的忠告对我们非常有用。

Things of little or no value are worthless or valueless.表示东西价值很小或没有价值，用Worthless或valueless

这金属看上去象金子，实际上毫无价值。

22.Para.28) to pan out: [usually in questions or negatives 一般用于疑问句或否定句] to happen in a particular

way; develop equally in a successful way 以特殊方式发生，结果成功，有成果。

e.g.: I thought it was a good idea, but now I don’t thi nk it will pan out.

我曾认为这个想法很好，但现在我认为它行不通。

I wonder how it will pan out.

我想知道结果它会怎样。

IV. Discussion

1.What lesson can we draw from Michael Dell’s story?

2.His success seem to suggest that education is not as important as opportunity. Is it true ? If it isn’t, then why did Dell quit school? And if it is , then why does he repeatedly urge young people in the states to learn and work hard as their parents and teachers expect of them.

V. After-class homework

1.Recite paragraphs4,11,and14.

2.Memorize the new words.

3.Finish all the exercises in the text book.

Lesson Four Wisdom of Bear Wood

教学目的：了解相关的背景知识

掌握小男孩与Glasgow夫人能成为朋友的原因

领会并能欣赏文中的景物描写

通过对本文的学习，引导学生开展关于“友谊”的讨论，并使学生认识到友谊的本质及其成因。教学重点与难点：

重点——小男孩与Glasgow夫人成为朋友的原因

难点——文章最后一段的理解

教学内容：

1.背景简介

2.课文讲解及语言点

3.课堂讨论

4.语法学习：Ways of expressing adverbial;

Ways of expressing opposition; Prepositions

5.练习及作业

基本要求：1.学生在课前应预习课文，并完成pre-class work 中的作业

2.通过课堂讲解使学生理解文章内容，并学生了解小男孩能与Glasgow夫人成为朋友的原因及友

谊的本质。

3.认真完成课后作业

教学方法：加强互动，通过提问了解学生的预习情况。以师生互动方式讲授课文，练习以学生为主，教师侧重解决重点及检查学生的完成情况。

时间分配：8节课一个单元

I. Introduction

A.About the text

1. 1.The story is about a friendship between two soul s who are “seemingly different” in every

way: one is an American boy of twelve; and the other is an old English woman.

2. 2.The story is not very subtle, nor is it particularly dramatic, but it is nevertheless beautiful. It

is beautiful not just because it contains some beautiful descriptions of the Wood, but because it is about a beautiful friendship.

3. 3.The theme of the story is summed up at the very end. It is about “ a wisdom tutored by

nature itself, about the seen and the unseen, about things that change and things that are changeless, and about the fact that no matter how seemingly different two souls may be, they possess the potential for that most precious, rare thing---an enduring and rewarding friendship.”4. 4.Why can they become good friends?

a: They are both lonely: the boy is lonely because he is in a foreign country with his father, the woman is lonely because she has just lost her dear husband.

b: They have the common interest in nature and knowledge.

c: The shortbread the woman keeps supplying for the boy is also one of the reasons.

d: The real reason for their friendship is the old woman’s selfless interest in the boy. It is often said that true love is in the giving and not in the taking. So is friendship. The woman not only gives the boy good food to eat, she also gives him a new vision of the beautiful nature, the key to the treasury of human knowledge, and above all, her care, concern, love and affection. Does she get anything in return? Yes. Through giving, she cannot help receiving. Although totally unaware, the boy has given the woman great consolation too. He is the real good companion of the woman. He brings great happiness and consolation to the woman. That is what she really needs in her deep heart.

B.Structure of the Text

It can be divided into three big parts:

The first part describes the loneliness of the boy and his roaming in the woods.

The second part describes the boy’s encounter with the old lady.

The last part describes the death of the old lady and the boy’s nostalgia for her.

II. Warming-up exercises

1.What is the essence of true friendship?

2.What are the main ingredients of true friendship?

3.Do you think people who are very different in age can develop a rewarding friendship? Do you have such friends? Have you heard of such cases? Tell the class if you do.

III. Detailed study of the text

1.(Para.1) My father’s government job demanded that he go overseas every few years, so I was used to wrenching myself way from friends.

…demanded that he go(NOT “went” or ‘goes”) : subjunctive mood

Every few years: Something will happen regularly after a few years.

to wrench yourself away from: to twist and pull yourself away (or free) from

2.(Para.2) Loving nature, however, I was most delighted by the endless patchwork of farms and woodland that surrounded our house.

Loving nature, however…: However, as (because) I loved nature…

A patchwork of farms (fields): farms that look like smell pieces of cloth of different colors when seen from far above

Woodland: a piece of land covered with trees

3.(Para.2)In the deep woods that verged against our back fence, a network of paths led almost everywhere, and pheasants rocked off into the dense laurels ahead as you walked.

to verge against: to be close to; to be at the edge or border of

Notice how the preposition “against” is used to mean “next to”, “touching or hitting the surface

of ”.

e.g. A heavy rain was pattering against the windows.

大雨滴滴答答地打在玻璃上。

He stood his stick against the wall.

他把拐杖靠在墙上。

The policeman was leaning against the door.

警察靠在墙上。

a network of : a system of lines, wires, roads, etc that cross each other and are connected to each other----一种

网络

…and pheasants rocketed off ….and pheasant went off like rockets.

Compare:

Factories mushroomed. (They grew like mushroom)

工厂如雨后春笋般的涌现出来。

He tried to worm into that organization. (He tried to get into that organization like a worm.)

他试图悄悄溜进那个组织中。

It could snowball into a serious conflict.(It could gradually develop into a serious conflict like a snowball.) 这会逐渐演变成一个大的冲突。

He was wolfing it down as if he had not eaten for days. (He was eating it very quickly like a wolf)

他狼吞虎咽地把那吃了下去，好像几天没吃饭一样。

4.(Para.3) Keeping to myself was my way of not forming attachments that I would only have to abandon the next time we moved.

Paraphrase: I did not try to make many friends because in that way I did not have to give up friendship the next time I had to move.

to keep to oneself: to live a very quiet and private life and not do many things involving other people.

5.(Para.4) I’d…creep into another world—a vaulted cathedral, with tree trunks for pillars and year’ accumulation of long brown needles for a softly carpeted floor.

Note the metaphor., The writer compares Bear Wood to a large beautifully decorated stone church, likening its tree trunks to the church’s pillars and its thickly covered ground to the carpeted floor.

Note also the use of “for” to make a comparison between the qualities of the wood and those o f a church.

to put sb. at ease: to make sb. feel relaxed

More examples of “at ease”.

e.g. He always feels ill at ease in front of strangers.

在陌生人面前，他总感到不自在。

The professor must be quite popular. The students all look at ease in his presence.

这个教授非常受欢迎。他的出现令学生感到很放松。

Also: to make sb. at ease; to set sb. at ease.

7.(Para.11). introduce: Vt (~into, to) to bring in, esp. for the first time [初次]引入

e.g. : Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South American.

马铃薯最初是由南美传入欧洲的。

His unfortunate remarks introduced a note of bitterness into the conversation.

他那些不适当的谈话给这次交谈带来了几分敌意。

8.（Para.14）I had been warned against……

“warn” is used in the following patterns

1).to warn sb. About sth.

e.g.: I warned her about the wether.

Ma yinchu warned us about the population problem.

2}. to warn sb. not to do sth.

e.g.: She warned me not to catch cold.

The doctor warned him not to smoke again.

3}. to warn sb. that

e.g.: I warned you that you had to hurry.

We were warned that there was a storm coming.

4}. to warn sb. of sth. or against sth.

e.g.:I warned her of the danger.

Scientist warned the government against that policy.

9. (Para.17) and I have all this time to walk the fields.

Notice that the word “walk” is usually used as an intransitive verb except in some idiomatic

expressions. “To walk the fields” is one of them, which means to go over or along on foot.

Other common expressio ns in which ‘walk’ is used as a transitive verb:

e.g : When people walk their dog, I wonder whether they ever realize that the dog will be much happier

completely free in nature than just being allowed a little walk every day.

人们遛狗的时候，我就想他们是否意识到，如果要让狗感到快乐，与其每天遛一会儿狗，倒不如让狗完全自由的生活在大自然中。

There is no more bus at this hour. Let’s walk it.

这时候已经没有公共汽车了。我们走着去吧。

It’s dark outside. I’ll walk you home.

外面天已经黑了。我陪你走回家吧。

10. (Para.23) I had made the best friend in the world.

Noti ce that in the usual phrase “to made friends with”, ‘friend” is always in the plural.

e.g.:I don’t think it’s difficult to make friends with people who do not belong to your age group.

我认为忘年交不是一件难事。

Parents must try to make friends with their own children. They can’t take their love and

respect for granted.

父母必须试着和自己的孩子交朋友。他们不能把孩子的爱和尊敬看成是理所当然的事。

It is wrong to say “I want to make friends(or make a friend) with him” We normally say “I “ I want him to be my friend,” or “I want to have him as my friend.”

11. (Para.26)Familiarity sometimes makes people physically invisible, for you find yourself talking to the heart

the heart—to the essence, as it were, rather than to the face.

Paraphrase: When people get to know each other really well, sometime s they don’t notice physical changes.

The boy did not see that his friend, the old lady, was getting weaker and weaker because all the time he was talking to her heart, rather to her face.

essence: the most important quality of sth.; the thing that makes sth. what it is

Notice that ‘to talk to sb.’s essence” is not a common expression, but she author can’t think of a better word, that’s why he says “as it were”, which is used to describe sth in a way that is not quite accurate.

12. (Para.35) Thanks to her help

Notice that this is sometimes used ironically:

e.g. Now thanks to the rain, we’ll have to put off our match.

由于下雨，我们不得不推迟比赛。

Thanks to his brilliant leadership, our company is now bankrupt.

由于他“出色”的领导，我们的公司现在破产了。

She failed again, all thanks to you.

她又失败了，这都多亏了你。

13.(Para.37) It is a wisdom tutored by nature itself, about the seen and the unseen, about things that change and things that are changeless, and about the fact that no matter how seemingly different two souls may be , they possess the potential for that most precious, rare thing—an enduring and rewarding friendship. Paraphrase: I learn a lot of knowledge, taught by nature itself, about the thing I can see—the bird, insects, trees, and flowers, and the things I cannot see—ideas, scientific laws and principles. I also learn a lot about the things that change, including life itself, as the things that are changeless like friendship ,love, and many basic value.

IV. Discussion

1.Why did Bear Wood b ecome the boy’s favorite? What was so special about it?

2.Why did the boy remember so fondly his days in the Bear Wood? What did he mean when he talked about wisdom as a legacy?

3.What are the “seen and unseen”; “things that change and things that are changeless”?

4.What do you learn from their friendship?

V. After-class homework

3. 1.Recite paragraphs 3,4,and37.

4. 2.Memorize the new words.

5. 3.Finish all the exercises in the text book.

Lesson Five Twelve Angry Men

教学目的：了解作者及相关的法律背景知识

通过对本文的学习，使学生对美国的司法体系有一个整体的、正确的认识，对其中的重要组成

内容，即陪审团制度有正确清醒的判断。

掌握语言点

教学重点及难点：

重点——修辞性问句表达强烈的肯定或否定；

代词的宽泛使用，代词所指代的内容；

反讽语气

难点——对文章内容的充分理解与掌握，理清剧作家如何组织的戏剧和冲突

教学内容：1.作者及法律背景简介如陪审团制度

2.课文讲解及语言点

3.课堂讨论What are the advantages and disadvantages of the jury system? Can China also exercise

such a system? Why and why not?

4.语法学习：gerund phrases

the “nou n﹢to-infinitive” construction and the “noun﹢of﹢gerund”

5.练习及作业

基本要求：1.学生在课前应预习课文，并完成pre-class work 中的作业

2.演出该剧

3.总结归纳刑事法庭中所常用的词汇和表达方式

4.简要描述每个陪审员的性格特征

5.评论陪审团制度

6.认真完成课后作业

教学方法：师生互动，自主学习，通过问题了解学生预习情况，课件演示，集中解决练习重点难题

时间分配：预习、词汇（1节），课文（4节），练习（2节），测试和副课文（1节）

I.I.Introduction

1. 1.About the text

The play provides a good opportunity for the students to get to know something about the judicial system in the United States, in which the jury trial is an important component. This system is valuable and has avoided many terrible mistakes like in the case of this play, but it is not infallible and can in fact be quite precarious. We need only to consider what would have happened to the boy if No. 8 were a different sort of person, or if the boy really had stabbed his father.

2. 2.About the playwright

Reginald Rose (1920- ) is a native New Yorker, best known as a writer for television. The Twelve Angry Men was written in 1957 based on his experience as a juror. The play was turned into a movie in 1957 with Henry Fonda starring as No. 8. The present text is based on of that movie, with much abridgement. What distinguished Rose’s teleplays was their direct preoccupation with social and political issues.

II.II.Procedures for Handling the Play

1. 1.new words in the glossary 10 minutes

2. 2.pre-class work 30 minutes

3. 3.presentation of text A 10 minutes

4. 4.word puzzle 10 minutes

Fill in the missing words by using the words in the glossary.

trial. There are usually 12 jurors in a jury. The jurors are selected at random, agreed on by the lawyers of the two sides, namely, the defendant and the prosecutor. After hearing all the evidence and cross-examination of both sides in a court, they will retreat to a jury room to deliberate the case involved. Then they reach a decision and give a verdict. If the verdict is guilty, then the judge will give the sentence. If the verdict is not guilty, then the judge will have to acquit the accused no matter whether he agrees with the verdict or not, and the acquitted cannot be tried on the same charge with the same evidence. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous decision, it is a hung jury. New jurors have to be selected to form another jury to decide the same case.

5. 5.several principles to be observed in American court system 10 minutes

(1) The accused is deemed innocent until and unless proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

(2) The burden of proof is on the prosecutor, which is different from Chinese policy of leniency to those who confess their crimes and severity to those who refuse to.

(3) In most cases, the verdict has to be unanimously reached. The majority of a jury is not sufficient to find a defendant guilty of a felony, e.g. murder, armed robbery, and arson.

Ladies and Gentlemen of the jury, is this your verdict, so say you one, so say you all? (Is this your verdict agreed upon by each and all of you?)

(4) A trial does not aim at discovering who committed a particular crime, but rather the innocence or guilt of the accused.

6. 6.questions 30 minutes

(1) Why did the author write such a play?

He wrote it out of a writer’s sense of social responsibility. He wants to enhance people’s sense of responsibility as a juror.

(2) Why doesn’t the author give names to the characters in the drama?

This play is not merely a conflict among people, but also a conflict of ideas. This method is advisable in some way, but to me, it also has its disadvantage, namely, it is quite difficult to the readers to know who is who.

(3) Why did No.8 vote not guilty? Did he have any evidence to prove the boy’s innocence at first? Why did he vote the way he did then? Was it out of sheer pity for the boy? What was his motive? Did he allow his sympathy for the boy to interfere with his judgments? (Paragraph 6-28)

He wanted to give the boy an opportunity. He wanted to say a few words for the boy before sending him off to die. He didn’t have evidence at first. He was sympathetic to the boy. But he didn’t allow his sympathy for the boy to interfere with his judgments. He always attained a cool mind, which we can see from his being good at pointing ou t No.10’s lack of logic and his own use of words like “alleged eyewitness and claim”.

(4) What was the evidence presented at the court against the boy? (Paragraph 29-65)

Evidence is an uncountable noun. Here we use facts.

Fact number one: the old man living downstairs under the room where the killing actually happened heard the boy say “I’m going to kill you” at the top of his lung.

Fact number two: the boy couldn’t remember the name of the film and who was in it.

Fact number three: the woman across the street saw the boy stabbed his father.

Fact number four: the kid had records with the police.

Fact number five: the boy admitting buying the switch blade.

(5) Twice, No.10 speaks sarcastically of the boy as one of “them”. What kind of people is he referring to? How does No.8 trap No.10 in his own lack of logic? What stereotype is often associated with each of the following in popular culture, a police officer in the US; a Japanese woman; an old peasant in china’ a modern artist? (Paragraph 20, 36, 53)

“them” here refers to people from the slum.

(6) What does No.8 do that cast the first serious doubt on the boy’s guilt? What effect does it have on the second vote? Why does No.9 change his vote? (Paragraph 66-76-93)

No. 8 pulled out a switch blade which was exactly like the one used as incriminating evidence. No. 9 changed his vote because he wanted to give support which No.8 gambled for and because of the switch blade No.8 produced.

(7) What question does No. 8 raise that casts the second serious doubt on the boy’s guilt? (Paragraph 94-109)

The old man couldn’t have heard the boy shout “I am going to kill you” with an el train roaring by.

(8) Do you think it possible for people to make themselves believe that they have heard or seen things which have not really happened? (Paragraph 110-117)

Yes.

(9) Can you point out a few examples of sarcasm in the text? (Sarcasm is the use of bitter, especially ironic remarks intended to wound somebody’s feelings.)

I am just as sentimental as the next fellow.

III.III.Detailed Study of the Text 100 minutes

1. 1.criminal court (paragraph 1)

a court dealing with cases involving crime

Also: criminal laws ; criminal charges; criminal lawyers

2. 2. a boy charged with murdering his father. (paragraph 1)

Notice that we say "to be charged with", but "to be accused of" and “to be persecuted for”.

Notice also that "to charge" means to state officially that someone is guilty of a crime.

3. 3.Now you fellows can handle this any way you want. (paragraph 2)

"This" here refers to the deliberation of the jurors.

Notice the difference between" any way" and" anyway" :

any way (both words stressed): by any method; in any manner

anyway (stressed on the first syllable): in spite of the problem involved; in any case,

e. g. He may not like to see me, but I'm going anyway.

他可能不愿见我，可不管怎样说我要走了。

You can do it any way you want. I don't care. I just want the result.

你想怎样做都可以，我无所谓，我只要结果。

The swimming pool is closed? Then let's go tomorrow. It's too cold today anyway.

游泳池关门了吗？那我们明天再去吧，再说今天也太冷了。

He is desperate. He has to find that money any way.

他很着急，不管用什么办法他都要找到这钱。

4. 4.I think it’s customary to take a preliminary vote. (paragraph 3)

I think it is a common practice (or: our custom) to take a vote first just to find out where we are before we start our discussion.

preliminary: happening before something that is more important, often in order to prepare for it; preparatory The Congress will start preliminary hearings soon.

国会很快要开始预备听证会。

They will have a preliminary discussion of this problem before the Board meeting.

董事会开会之前，他们要预先讨论一下这个问题。

After a few preliminary remarks, he brought up this important question.

几句开场白之后，他提起了这个重要的问题。

5. 5.Maybe we can all get out of here. (paragraph 4)

No.7 means that if everyone agrees that the boy is guilty, then they can take the verdict to the court and get the whole thing over and done right away. He is eager to get out of this jury room because it is hot and besides he has a ticket for a football game for that evening which he does not want to miss. These interesting details have been cut out with great reluctance because the text is too long for our purpose.

6. 6. a first-degree murder charge(paragraph 5)

It means the most serious kind of murder in which the murderer deliberately kills someone. The crime of killing somebody illegally but not intentionally is called "manslaughter".

7.7.…we’ve got to send him to the chair(paragraph 5)

…we've got to send him to the ele ctric chair (to be electrocuted)

8.8.Now we know where we are. (paragraph 5)

Now we know what everybody's attitude is.

9.9.I don’t know. (paragraph 7)

Here it is used to show that one is not too sure about something.

10.10.That’s old enough. (parag raph 10)

现代大学英语3课件

Lesson Ten Diogenes and Alexander I．Teaching Objectives: After learning this unit, students are supposed to: 1. get familiar with the rules of word formation ; 2. get familiar with some grammatical points; 3. retell the text as a whole; 4. have a thorough understanding of the whole text: Diogenes and Alexander 5. get a list of the new words and expressions and be able to use them freely in writing and daily conversation; II.Listening and speaking activities 1.Listen to the recording of the text and fill in the blanks about the main ideas of the article. 2. Talk about this passage with your friends ,and talk about what you think of Diogenes. III. Reading Comprehension and Language Activities 1. Pre-reading discussions: 1) What do you think of the person who lying on the street , shoeless, bearded, half-naked ? ? 2) Are you a cynic person?. 2. Background knowledge : 1) Cynic and Cynicism (愤世疾俗者与犬儒主义) ： The Oxford English Dictionary describes a cynic as a person “ disposed to find fault “ and as one who “shows a disposition to disbelieve in the sincerity or goodness of human motives and actions, and is wont to express this by sneers and sarcasm.”In short ,the cynic is “a sneering fault-finder” The ancient school of Cynicism was founded in the fourth century BC by Antisthenes. The Cynics urged both men and women to follow a way of life in harmony with nature and to reject all unnecessary civilized luxuries. They also rejected all social conventions ,customs and laws. 2)Diogenes （第欧根尼） Diogenes was a famous Cynic philosopher living during the time of Plato ( the 4th century BC ). Having to flee from Sinope because of charges against him and his father for debasing the public coin , Diogenes went to Athens where he studied under comforts of civilized life , and lived an extremely ascetic lifestyle. Later on the captured by pirates and sold into slavery in Crete to Xeniades, who was so impressed by the philosopher that he made him the teacher of his children . He is said to have died of old age in the same year as Alexander the Great in 323 BC. 3. Text analysis: Part One (para.1-10) Description of Diogenes as a beggar, a philosopher and a missionary, his lifestyle and doctrine: Cynicism. Part Two (para.11-12) Description of Alexander the Conqueror, who was the greatest man of the time . Part Three(para.13-17) The dramatic encounter of the two , revealing that only these two men

现代大学英语精读5,第1.2.课后paraphrase和翻译答案1

Lesson1 1.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy. It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people. 2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination. 3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation. The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/W oman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free. 4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love. Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power. 5.At that time economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents. At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was). 6.…the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber. A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong. 7.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster, or by animal necessity. This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed. 8.…when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated. …when the unfair practice of judhing human calue by the amount of mone y a person has irs done away with. 9.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.

现代大学英语第三册第一单元(精)

MoreWork on the Text Ⅱ Vocabulary 1. Translate. (P14 1 From English into Chinese. (1学校教职员工 (10青春期 (2政治上的成熟 (11种族偏见 (3成长过程中的变化 (12每天工作日程 (4认同危机 (13伦理道德观念 (5恋爱关系 (14处理日常生活的能力 (6遗传工程 (15历史背景 (7学术生活 (16异性 (8偶然事件 (17感情上的支持 (9民族认同 (18生活方式 2 From Chinese into English. (1 to pursue an education (10 to drag one's feet (2 to acquire knowledge (11 to evaluate the result (3 to handle the case (12 to process knowledge (4 to define the word (13 to perform one's duty (5 to select one's major (14 to narrow the gap

(6 to resent the treatment (15 to expand business (7 to establish their identity (16 to expect better results (8 to frustrate the students (17 to assemble cars (9 to declare war (18 to present facts 2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following. (P15 1 Give synonyms. (1 objective, purpose, end (7 choice (2 to happen (8 to choose/to pick or pick out (3 to increase/to enlarge/to grow/to develop (9 main/chief/principal/leading (4 to try/to attempt/to make an effort (10 belief (5 clear (11 strong feeling (6 magazine (12 to get/to gain/to obtain 2 Give antonyms. (1 masculine (9 to exclude (2 immature (10 disapproval (3 independence (11 mistrust/distrust

现代大学英语3教案

Lesson one Y our College Year 教学目的：了解作者及相关的背景知识 通过对本文的学习，使学生对大学生活有一个全面、正确地认识，全面了解自己，更好地适应 大学生活 掌握语言点 教学重点及难点： 重点——对文章内容的充分理解与掌握 难点——几个专业词汇的理解“developmental changes”、“identity crisis”、“psychological independence”、“internalizing religious faith” 教学内容：1.作者及背景简介 2.课文讲解及语言点 3.课堂讨论 4.语法学习：the way sb doesd sth. Ways of expressing the object Determiners 5.练习及作业 基本要求：1.学生在课前应预习课文，并完成pre-class work 中的作业 2.通过课堂讲解使学生理解文章内容，并对自己的大学生活有一个清晰地认识 3.认真完成课后作业 教学方法：加强互动，通过提问了解学生的预习情况。以师生互动方式讲授课文，练习以学生为主，教师侧重解决重点及检查学生的完成情况。 时间分配：8节课一个单元 I. Introduction A. About the text This is a text about what students will experience in their “college years”. It is addressed to college students in the United States. But with some modifications, what the author says here will also make perfect sense to our students. College life is both exciting and frustrating experience. It is clear that young adulthood is an extremely important period in our life. Not everyone knows how to handle their sudden independence or freedom. There are also those who take their newly found independence to mean that they can do anything they want. B.About the author Dr. Bob H artman is a children’s story-teller and part-time pastor. He was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to England in the summer of 2000. II. Warming-up exercises 1. What are my goals for the college years? 2. Do you find it easy to relate to the opposite sex? Do you agree with the author that stressful as it is, it is nevertheless one of the most important goals we must achieve during school years? III. Detailed study of the text 1.（Para. 1）“Has it ever occurred to you that your professors and other school personnel have certain goals for your growth and maturity during your college years? Has it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood?” A. Draw the student’s att ention to the difference between Chinese and English in expressing this idea: In Chinese, the subject is usually a personal pronoun, whereas in English, the anticipatory “it” is used. More examples: It never occurred to me that wealth could ruin a person’s life. 我从来没想到财富能毁灭一个人的一生。 It suddenly dawned on us that high savings rate may not be a good thing. 我们突然想到高的存款利率未必是件好事。 It gradually began to dawn on the economists that the problem was not overproduction, but under-consumption. 经济学家们逐渐认识到，问题不是生产过剩而是消费过低。 B. developmental changes:

现代大学英语精读1教案设计

Unit 1 Half a day 教学目的 1. 了解作者及其背景知识； 2．熟悉本文使用的写作手法； 3．掌握修辞疑问句、倒装句等修辞手法； 4．熟练掌握三类构词法； 5．通过深刻理解文章内涵，培养学生社会洞察力和相关的讨论能力，同时掌握文中的核心语言点。 教学内容 1. 热身 2．作者 教育与背景 主要著作 创作观 3．作品赏析 结构分析 如何赏析文学作品 扩展式讨论 4．写作技巧 省略疑问句和修辞疑问句 倒装句 “with”独立结构 5．语言理解 长难句解析 核心词汇学习 band, convince, daze, exert, intricate, observe, overlook, rank, revolve, startle, uviverse, vary 介词练习 构词法：-tion; -volve; -ly 6．课堂讨论 7．练与讲 教学重点 1. 文学作品的赏析； 2．文学中的修辞手法――省略疑问句和修辞疑问句；倒装句；“with”独立结构3．构词法：前缀 教学方法结合实际吸收各种教学法（讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、多媒体使用）的优点。 教学手段用投影仪播放PowerPoint课件及板书；群发电子邮件布置课堂资料和课后作业（或其来源）。

ⅠAbout the author ★Naguib Mahfouz was born on the 11th Dec. 1911 in an old quarter of Cairo, the youngest son of a merchant. （mummies and pyramids / sphinx 狮身人面）★He worked in university administration（行政部门）and then in 1939 he worked for the Ministry of Islamic Affairs.（Buddhism Christianity Islam） ★He was later Head of the State Cinema Organization at the Ministry of Culture(文化部）. He also worked as a journalist（记者）. ★He is married, has two daughters and lives in Cairo. ★He was the first Arab to win the Nobel prize for literature He is now the author of no fewer than 30 novels, more than 100 short stories, and more than 200 articles. Half of his novels have been made into films which have circulated （流通；传播）throughout the Arabic-speaking world. The Cairo Trilogy（三部曲）is a tale of the lives of a Muslim family and spans （跨过）the first half of the 20th century. Palace Walk 《宫间街》Palace of Desire 《思官街》Sugar Street 《甘露街》How does he picture the world? 1 The world is very gloomy（阴沉的令人沮丧的）though not completely disappointing. 2 The author’s social utopia (乌托邦）is far from being realized. 3 Time is the bringer of change and change is a very painful process. 4 Life is a tragedy. ⅡText Appreciation 1 structure 2 Further discussion Can you recall your first day’s experience at primary school? Did you feel you were a stranger the first day you arrived at this university? Was it hard for you to leave home for the first time in your life? What do you think is the business of university? What do you expect to learn here? 3 Theme of the story The following are a few possible understandings of the message the story conveys. Which one do you agree with? Argue with your group partners. Time and tide wait for no man. Life is a tragedy. There is nothing permanent in life but change. Education can never keep up with changes in society. Life is short and time is precious. Life is a dream. Do not take anything seriously. 4 Structure of the text Part 1 (para. 1- 7 ) about:The boy’s misgivings about school Part 2 (para. 8-16 ) about: How the boy felt about school. Part 3 (para. 17-20 ) about: Walking out of the school, he found time had changed everything.

现代大学英语精读5课后翻译习题答案

Lesson 1 1. A white lie is better than a black lie. 一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。 2. To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood. 为了挫败各种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态，黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。3. …with a spirit straining toward t rue self-esteem, the Negro must throw off the manacles of self-abnegation… 黑人必须一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。 4. What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic. 必须懂得没有爱的权利是毫无节制的、易被滥用的，而没有权利的爱则是多愁善感、脆弱无力的。 5. It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times. 正是这种邪恶的权利和没有权势的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。 6. Now early in this century this proposal would have been greeted with ridicule and denunciation, as destructive of initiative and responsibility. 在本世纪之初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对主动性和责任感其负面作用。7. The fact is that the work which improves the condition of mankind, the work which extends knowledge and increases power and enriched literature and elevates thought, is not done to secure a living. 事实上，人们从事改善人类出镜的工作，从事传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及升华思想的工作并不是为了谋生。 8. …it can spend billions of dollars to put God’s children on their own two feet right here on earth. 9. Furthermore, few if any violent revolutions have been successful unless the violent minority had the sympathy and support of the nonresistant majority. 除非主张暴力的少数人得到大多数人的同情与支持，不和他们对抗，否则，暴力革命很少或者说几乎没有成功的。 10. Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is long but is bends towards justice. 我们要懂得道义的苍穹长又长，但它终将落向正义。 Lesson 2 1.Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz. 我的头发没有做出我要的大卷花，而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。 2.She checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce “Helsinki” before showing me the answer. 在她告诉我答案前，她对了对手中的杂志，看看赫尔辛基是否能这样发音。 3.She seemed entranced by the music, a little frenzied piano piece with this mesmerizing quality, sort of quick passages and then teasing lilting ones before it returned to the quick playful parts. 她似乎被这音乐吸引住了。这钢琴曲不长，但有点狂乱，有着迷人的特点，乐曲一开始时快节奏的，接着是欢快跳动的节拍，然后又回到嬉戏的部分。 4.If she had as much talent as she has temper , she could be famous now.

现代大学英语精读3课文电子版

Michael Welzenbach 1. When I was 12 years old, my family moved to England, the fourth major move in my short life. My father’s government job demanded that he go overseas every few years, so I was used to wrenching myself away from friends. 2. We rented an 18th-century farmhouse in Berkshire. Nearby were ancient castles and churches. Loving nature, however, I was most delighted by the endless patchwork of farms and woodland that surrounded our house. In the deep woods that verged against our back fence, a network of paths led almost everywhere, and pheasants rocketed off into the dense laurels ahead as you walked. 3. I spent most of my time roaming the woods and fields alone, playing Robin Hood, daydreaming, collecting bugs and bird-watching. It was heaven for a boy —but a lonely heaven. Keeping to myself was my way of not forming attachments that I would only have to abandon

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《现代大学英语》 听力2课程教案 授课时间：2014-2015第二学期 授课班级：英1243 授课人：何林

Unit 1 教案 【Task 1】 Warm up Exercises: A. 1) She wanted to see St. Paul’s Cathedral. 2) She was so surprised because she saw so many Englishmen who looked alike. 3) They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats, carrying umbrellas and newspapers. 4) Because she had often read about them and seen photographs of them, who all looked as if they were wearing a uniform. 5) No, he didn’t. 6) He used the English saying “It takes all kinds to make a world” to prove his opinion. B. If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea it would be! And if all the trees were one tree, what a great tree it would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash there would be! 【Teaching materials】 Yesterday morning Gretel went to the City of London. She wanted to see St. Paul's Cathedral. She was surprised to see so many Englishmen who looked alike. They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats. They were all carrying umbrellas and newspapers. When she returned home she asked Mr clark about these strange creatures. "They must be typical English gentlemen," she said." I have often read about them and seen photographs of them. They all look as if they are wearing a uniform. Does the typical English gentleman still exist?" Mr. Clark laughed. "I've never thought about it," he answered." It's true that many of the men who work in the City of London still wear bowler hate and I suppose they are typical Englishmen. But look at this." Mr. Clark picked up a magazine and pointed at a photo of a young man. "He's just as typical, perhaps. It seems as if there is no such thing as a 'typical' Englishman. Do you know the English saying 'It takes all kinds to make a world'? That's true of all countries-including England." “Oh, just like the poem ‘If All the Seas Were One Sea’,”Gretel began to hum happily. If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea that would be! If all the trees were one tree, what a great tree that would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash that would be!” Task 2 【Teaching materials】 A. 1) people were much busier 2) colder than England; minus thirty degrees; last longer 3) much more mountainous; much higher and much more rocky; more beautiful 4) tend to be more crowded 5) the houses; smaller

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哈尔滨学院授课教案 章序名称Lesson Seven Spring Sowing Liam O’Flaherty 周次第9 周至第10 周授课时间2005年4月18日至2005年4月29日 教学目的要求1.Part One: Introduction to the Text 2.Part Two: Explanation of the text in detail 3.Part Three: V ocabulary — pretend, compare, burst, dot, rebel 4.Part Four : Grammar — Sentence analysis Some uses of “as” Absolute construction Tenses & verb forms 5.Part Five: More work on the Text. 教学重点1.The emphasis in teaching should be on content and clear presentation. 2.Emphasize the importance of understanding the values and moral principles of life, the nature of happiness. 3.Let students understand that in Ireland at that time, most people still depend on farming for a living, and the main crop was the potato. Modern science and technology had not yet caught up with the land. There was little machinery. Practically everything was still done by hand. A typical farmer believed in traditional virtues: hard work, simple living, discipline, and above all, a strong sense of responsibility, responsibility for the happiness of your wife/husband, parent, and children. 教学难点1.Liam O’Flaherty is considered one of the most important modern Anglo-Irish authors together with James Joyce. He was born in 1896 on an island in Ireland, which must have had very big influence on his character as well as on his writing. He once said: “I was born on a storm-swept rock and hate the soft growth of sun-baked lands where there is no frost in men’s bones.” 2.“Spring Sowing” is taken from the author’s first collection of short stories which bears the same title published in 1924. The story describes the first day of the first spring planting of a newly-wedded couple against the backgrounds of a traditional agricultural country. 3.In Ireland at that time, most people still depend on farming for a living, and the main crop was the potato. Modern science and technology had not yet caught up with the land. There was little machinery. Practically everything was still done by hand. A typical farmer believed in traditional virtues: hard work, simple living, discipline, and above all, a strong sense of responsibility, responsibility for the happiness of your wife/husband, parent, and children. 教学场所环境In the Classroom or Language Laboratory English-speaking Environment