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常见的英语翻译中的词类转换

英语翻译词类转换：转译成名词（1）

（一）形容词与副词的互相转译

1．英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。如：

1）Occasionally a drizzle came down，and the intermittent flashes of lightening made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero．

偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。

2）It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese－American dialogue．

这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。

2．英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。如：

1）He routinely radioed another agent on the ground．

他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。

2）The President had prepared meticulously for his journey．

总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。

3．由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，还有一些英语形容词可译为汉语副词。如：

1）This is sheer nonsense．（这完全是胡说。）

2）Buckley was in a clear minority．（巴克利显然属于少数。）

3）By dialing the right number，you may be able to select a play，golf lesson or lecture in physics，from a pretaped library in a remote city，for showing on your home screen．只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。

（二）名词与副词的互相转译

1．名词转译成副词

1）When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist，his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor．

只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。

2）The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor．

新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。

2．副词转译成名词

1）They have not done so well ideologically，however，as organizationally．

但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。

2）He is physically weak but mentally sound．

他身体虽弱，但思想健康。

英语翻译词类转换：转译成名词（2）

（一）英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。

1．名词派生的动词

1）Formality has always characterized their relationship．

他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。

2）To them，he personified the absolute power．

在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。

2．名词转用的动词

1）Most U．S．spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions．

美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。

（二）有些英语被动式句子中的动词，可以译成"受（遭）到……＋名词"、"予（加）以＋名词"这类结构。如：

Satellites，however，must be closely watched，for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun，moon and earth．（由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。）

（三）形容词转译成名词

1．英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译时常译成名词。如：

1）They did their best to help the sick and the wounded．

他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。

2）Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor．罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。

2．此外，根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词。如：

1）Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft．

史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。

2）They were considered insincere．

他们被人认为是伪君子。

英语翻译词类转换：转译成形容词

转译成形容词

（一）形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。

1．The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment．

她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。

2．The security and warmth of the destroyer's sick bay were wonderful．

驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖，好极了。

3．He talked for some time with Bundy，and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts．

他同邦迪谈了一会，他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。

（二）有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转译成形容词。如：

1）The blockade was a success．

封锁很成功。

2）As he is a perfect stranger in the city，I hope you will give him the necessary help．他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。

3）Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study．

独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。

英语翻译词类转换：转译成形容词

转译成形容词

（一）形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。

1．The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment．

她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。

2．The security and warmth of the destroyer's sick bay were wonderful．

驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖，好极了。

3．He talked for some time with Bundy，and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts．

他同邦迪谈了一会，他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。

（二）有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转译成形容词。如：

1）The blockade was a success．

封锁很成功。

2）As he is a perfect stranger in the city，I hope you will give him the necessary help．他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。

3）Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study．

独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。

英语翻译词类转换：转译成动词

转译成动词

英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点，往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。例如，在He admires the President's stated decision to fight for the job．（他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩）中，英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词，其他用的是过去分词（stated）、动词派生名词（decision）、不定式（to fight）和介词（for）等。汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。因此，英语中不少词类（尤其是名词、介词、形容词和副词）在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。

（一）名词转译成动词

1．由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。如：

1）The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli's right to exist．（1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。）

2）Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe．（火箭已经用来探索宇宙。）

2．含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写文体中出现较多）往往可以转译成动词。如：

1）The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing．（看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。）

2） A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial．（从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。）

3．英语中有些加后缀－er的名词，如teacher教师，thinker思想家等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。如：

1）I am afraid I can't teach you swimming．I think my little brother is a better teacher than I．（我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。）

2）Talking with his son，the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings．（在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。）

4．作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词，如：

1）They took a final look at Iron Mike，still intact in the darkness．

他们最后看了铁麦克一眼——它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。

2）The next news bulletin，shorter than usual，made no mention of the demonstration．下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。

（二）介词转译成动词

1）"Coming！“Away she skimmed over the lawn，up the path，up the steps，across the veranda，and into the porch．

"来啦！"她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。

2）I barreled straight ahead，across the harbor and out over the sea．

我笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。

（三）形容词转译成动词

英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在系动词后作表语用时，往往可转译成动词。如：confident，certain，careful，cautious，angry，sure，ignorant，afraid，doubtful，aware，concerned，glad，delighted，sorry，ashamed，thankful，anxious等。

1）Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life．

医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。

2）The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint．But I had to be cautious．她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。

（四）副词转译成动词

1）That day he was up before sunrise．

那天他在日出以前就起来了。

2）She opened the window to let fresh air in．

她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。

汉英翻译中的词类转换

英语知识在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如：汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词；汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词；汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。其中，汉语动词转换成英语抽象名词尤为普遍。高校常用的翻译教材，如张培基、吕瑞昌、冯庆华等编撰的翻译教材均将这种转换列在第一位。请看以下各例：例1．中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。如不注意词性转换，译文可能是： The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 这种译文显得有些口语化，不够庄重。不如改用抽象名词non-use: The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 例2．禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。译文一：To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets. 译文二：To prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition and theft of state secrets. 以上译文一使用split , incite, steal 等动词虽然语义正确，但似乎不够庄重。译文二使用抽象名词，因而显得文字严谨，适合正式法律条文的风格。例3．技术引进合同应当订明下列事项：引进技术的保密义务，改进技术的归属和分享。译文一：Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential the

英文翻译中文

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中文菜单的英文翻译

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词类转换(英语翻译技巧).

词类转换英汉两种语言属于不同的语系,英语属于印欧语系,汉语属于汉藏语系。不同语系的语言,无论在词汇方面或在语法方面都有很大的差别。在科技英语翻译实践中,在很多情况下需要进行词类转换。所谓词类转换,是指把原文语言中的某一词类转移成汉语的另一词类而言。掌握翻译中的词类转换译法,就可使我们敢于脱离原文词类的限制,跳出原文词类的框框,用汉语的适当词类予以表达。一,转换成汉语动词。英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较多,这是一个特点,在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词,在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。在英语中不少词类在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。 1,名词转换成动词英语中大量具有动作意义的名词和动词派生出来的名词往往可以译成动词。 With a click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. 只要一点鼠标,来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 China’s first atomic blast in october 1964 was a great shock to the world. 1964年10月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,全球为之震惊。 Can artificial fibers be used as substitutes for natural fibers? 人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗? We must place stress on the prevention of disease.

翻译技巧笔记：转换法

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经典中文英文翻译

经典中文的英译但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 二人同心，其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near.

合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows f rom a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 举头望明月，低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.

唯美的中文翻译成英文

唯美的中文翻译成英文 Abandon 放弃 Disguise 伪装 Abiding 持久的，不变的~friendship Indifferent 无所谓 Forever 最爱 I know what you want 我知道你想要什么 See you forget the breathe 看见你忘了呼吸 Destiny takes a hand.命中注定 anyway 不管怎样 sunflower high-profile向日葵，高姿态。 look like love 看起来像爱 Holding my hand, eyes closed you would not get lost 牵着我的手，闭着眼睛走你也不会迷路 If one day the world betrayed you, at least I betray the world for you! 假如有一天世界背叛了你，至少还有我为你背叛这个世界! This was spoiled child, do not know the heart hurts, naive cruel. 这样被宠惯了的小孩子，不知道人心是会伤的，天真的残忍。

How I want to see you, have a look you changed recently, no longer said once, just greetings, said one to you, just say the word, long time no see. 我多么想和你见一面，看看你最近的改变，不再去说从前，只是寒暄，对你说一句，只说这一句，好久不见。 In fact, not wine, but when the thought of drinking the unbearable past. 其实酒不醉人，只是在喝的时候想起了那不堪的过去。 The wind does not know clouds drift, day not know rain down, eyes do not understand the tears of weakness, so you don't know me 风不懂云的漂泊，天不懂雨的落魄，眼不懂泪的懦弱，所以你不懂我 Some people a lifetime to deceive people, but some people a lifetime to cheat a person 有些人一辈子都在骗人，而有些人用一辈子去骗一个人 Alone and lonely, is always better than sad together 独自寂寞，总好过一起悲伤 You are my one city, one day, you go, my city, also fell 你是我的一座城，有一天，你离开了，我的城，也就倒了。

词类转换翻译法参考资料

词类转换翻译法在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。一、名词的转译 1.英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life. ×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。【译文】回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people. ×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws. ×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing. 【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him. ×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。【译文】他善于听取别人意见，所以他们喜欢同他谈心。 1)由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。 ·The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。 ·Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had founded on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal. 到一九七二年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。 ·Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。 2) 含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。 ·Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources. 越南战争不断消耗着美国的资源。 ·A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument

英语翻译成汉语

[转] 英语中常见的123个中国成语写作就不用愁字数啦 1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜 white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad

论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用

题目：论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用 On Application of Conversion in English-Chinese Translation by Liu Xiao Under the Supervision of Li Wentao Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts

School of Foreign Studies Shandong University of Finance and Economics May 2012

Acknowledgements Upon the completion of the thesis, first of all, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Li Wentao, for his enlightening guidance, incessant encouragement and careful modification throughout the process of writing this thesis. Without his patience and prudence, I could not have brought my thesis to its present form. Besides, I am also greatly indebted to other beloved teachers in the School of Foreign Studies of Shandong University of Finance and Economics, for their valuable and informative courses which have benefited me a lot during my college years. Last but not the least, I am also much obliged to all my friends who have helped me with my thesis. L. X. (名字的第一个字母)

常见的英语翻译中的词类转换

英语翻译词类转换：转译成名词（1）（一）形容词与副词的互相转译 1．英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。如： 1）Occasionally a drizzle came down，and the intermittent flashes of lightening made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero．偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。 2）It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese－American dialogue．这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。 2．英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。如： 1）He routinely radioed another agent on the ground．他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。 2）The President had prepared meticulously for his journey．总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。 3．由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，还有一些英语形容词可译为汉语副词。如： 1）This is sheer nonsense．（这完全是胡说。） 2）Buckley was in a clear minority．（巴克利显然属于少数。） 3）By dialing the right number，you may be able to select a play，golf lesson or lecture in physics，from a pretaped library in a remote city，for showing on your home screen．只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。（二）名词与副词的互相转译 1．名词转译成副词 1）When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist，his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor．只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。 2）The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor．新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。 2．副词转译成名词

英文翻译成中文

第四部分翻译 Part Ⅰ英译汉练习： Unit 1 1.年轻时，他对学业漫不经心，加之他一直不愿考虑运动员以外的职业，到这时候，这一切终于给他带来了不幸。 2.护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝，但要抵制却感到无能为力。 3.我不会在初版的《失乐园》上乱写乱画，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一套蜡笔交给我的婴儿任意涂抹一样。 4.只有假设地球表面呈曲线状，这一现象才能得到解释。 5.鹿减少生存所需的能耗以增加越冬生存的机会，从生物学的角度看是合情合理的。 6.不论好坏，不论是何结果，美国人不仅会一概接受，还要去铲除那些反对者，尽管对于成千上万的人来说，这决定与自己的意愿背道而驰。 7.你可曾为了接电话在洗澡时从浴室冲出来，或是嚼着饭从饭桌旁站起来，或是昏昏沉沉的从床上爬起来，而结果却是有人打错了。 8.实际上，大把花钱的满足感大于商品本身带给他们的乐趣。 9.但是蓝色也可以表示伤感（我很伤感），白色常代表纯洁，尽管在中国，人们在婚礼上穿白的，在葬礼上穿黑的。 10. 晚上十点到十二点，美国处在权力真空状态——除了纽约广播公司总部和两家大的新闻机构之外，全国范围内就再没有别的信息中心。 Unit 2 1) 1800年英国与法国之间将爆发一场持续15后的大战。 2) 我相信，到1816年，英国将在滑铁卢村附近赢得一场伟大战役的胜利。 3) 然而，到1870年，对于英国来说，德国将成为一个比法国更具危险性的国家。 4) 在20世纪初，俄国、美国和日本将成为大国，而英国将不再是世界上最强大的国家了。 5) 反过来，农民的业绩大小取决于农业的组织形式，经济环境，市场结构这些与之息息相关的因素。 6) 他被接回来时，不停地跟人讲，一些可怕的怪物瞪着眼睛盯着他，把他带到了一个宇宙飞船上。 7) 烫伤大多数发生在老人和孩子身上，往往是由于浴室里水温太高而造成的。 8) 尽量多地了解可能发生的事情，这样你可以提前做好准备。 9) 市场的变化迫使很多网站关闭，而其它网站也仅是勉强维持。 10）因为在农民生产率低下的国家，需要劳动人口中大多数人种粮食，因此就没有多少人从事投资货物的生产或进行经济增长所必须的其它活动。 Unit 3 1. 在牛顿之前，亚里士多德已经发现物体的自然状态是静止的，除非有力作用于物体。所以运动着的物体会停下来。 2．人们在家中或是类似家的地方感觉最为亲密——和一个或几个亲近的人呆在一起——也就是在私人交谈的时候。 3．当一个人长时间在干道或高速公路上驾车行驶，就会存在两个问题：一是如何保持稳定的车速；二是如何确保他不撞上前面的车。 4．这个系统尤其适用于汽车拥挤的情况，因为电脑不仅能够控制车速，与前面车子的距离，还能够控制方向。

汉英翻译学期论文：浅析汉英语篇翻译中的句法结构转换—以张培基译注的《背影》为例

汉英翻译学期论文英本072班王雅芳07090115 浅析汉英语篇翻译中的句法结构转换 —以张培基译注的《背影》为例对于翻译的本质，不同的人有不同的视角，其中一种看法就是认为翻译是一种语际转换。但是翻译转换是一个笼统的说法，其中包括结构转换、语义转换、语用转换三种。本文主要以张培基译注的《背影》一文来探讨汉英语篇翻译转换中最基础的一个部分——“结构转换”。另外，由于Newmark 认为语篇“主要的描写单位可以构成这样一个级层体系：篇章、段落、句子、小句、词组、词、词素”，并且他认为在翻译实践中“篇章是最后的仲裁，句子是翻译操作的基本单位，而大部分的难题都集中在词汇单位。”根据这一点，翻译过程中篇章和句群充当的是一个宏观导向，而真正关系到具体的翻译操作则是在句子层面。所以翻译中涉及的结构转换也主要就是“句法结构的转换”，这也就是本文探讨的焦点。既然说翻译是一种句法结构的转换，那么要纯熟于汉英翻译的世界，首先必须十分清楚地知晓译语和目的语各自的句法结构体系。汉语和英语属于不同的语言体系，在句法结构上有着很多显著差异。汉语结构是一种意念结构，通常是以“话题加评论”的形式展开；而英语结构则是一种形式突出的句法结构。所以在进行汉英翻译时，主要的思路就是将汉语的信息套入英语的句式或句型中。大体的过程是：将汉语原文的各种结构进行逻辑分析，以确定英译的主语和谓语、各种并列及修饰成分的从属关系，从而构成层次分明的形式框架。以下遂从张培基译注的《背影》一文进行具体的评议与解说。例一、到徐州见着父亲，//看见满院狼藉的东西，又想起祖母，//不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。 When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling down my cheeks. 原句是个典型的流水句，没有主语，谓语却多达五项，各个分句按时间逻辑铺排，之间除了“又、不禁”没有任何其他连接词。汉语流水句的翻译，应该把意念流纳入到英语的形式框架之中。观察译文可以发现，译者根据原句的逻辑成分，整理出原句清晰的逻辑思路：“到徐州见着父亲”是整句话的时间和地点背景，“看见满院狼藉的东西，又想起祖母”是在徐州见到父亲时发生的事情，并且是导致我“流下眼泪”的原因。于是译者翻译的思路是把原句的并列形式重组成英语的时间状语复句：谓语句转变为时间状语从句（When——）——动词转变成主句的主语（the sight of 和the thought of）——根据逻辑意义增添主句的谓语（start——）。以此构造了一个结构清晰的英语句式，而又能保持原文的语义。例二、回家变卖典质，父亲还了亏空；//又借钱办了丧事。 After arriving home in Yangzhou, father paid off debts by selling or pawning things. He also borrowed money to meet the funeral expenses. 译者把这一句话拆成两句话翻译，//前部分主语都是父亲，他做了四件事：回家、变卖、典质、还了亏空。其中回家是背景，变卖和典质相互并列，是还了亏空的方式。于是译者把原句中的所有信息纳入到这样一个英语的形式结构当中：After——, father paid off—— by—— or——。//后的分

也说翻译中的词类转换——转译成动词

英语知识在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。词类转译的情况归纳起来有以下四种。一、转译成动词英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点，往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。例如，在He admires the President's stated decision to fight for the job. （他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩）中，英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词，其他用的是过去分词（stated）、动词派生名词（decision）、不定式（to fight）和介词（for）等。汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。因此，英语中不少词类（尤其是名词、介词、形容词和副词）在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。（一）名词转译成动词 1. 由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。如： 1）The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli's right to exist. （1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。）2）Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. （火箭已经用来探索宇宙。） 2.含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写文体中出现较多）往往可以转译成动词。如：

常见的英语翻译中的词类转换

汉英翻译中的词类转换

英文翻译中文

最新中文地址如何翻译成英文(精)

中文菜单的英文翻译

词类转换(英语翻译技巧).

翻译技巧笔记：转换法

经典中文英文翻译

唯美的中文翻译成英文

词类转换翻译法参考资料

英语翻译成汉语

论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用

常见的英语翻译中的词类转换

英文翻译成中文

汉英翻译学期论文：浅析汉英语篇翻译中的句法结构转换—以张培基译注的《背影》为例

也说翻译中的词类转换——转译成动词

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