科技英语翻译
1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in the circuit the lower the Q and,
accordingly, the flatter and broader the resonance curve of either line current or circuit impedance.
对于串联谐振，电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低，相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。
2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighs exactly the same as it does
when it is not carrying a current.
一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。
3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulse repetition rate, or directly
enter a new value of the period in the provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse width unchanged.
在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率，或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值，而保持脉冲宽度不变。
4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas,
in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor. Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics.
电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。注意，在本书中粒子运动仅限于金属的情况不属于电子学。
5.Hardware technologies have played vital roles in our ability to use electronic properties to
process information, but software and data processing aspects have not developed at the same speed.
硬件技术在我们使用电子特性来处理信息的能力中一直起着重要作用，而软件及数字处理方面却没能与硬件同步发展。
6.However, in a properly designed DC amplifier the effect of transistor parameter variation,
other than Ico, may be practically eliminated if the operation point of each stage is adjusted so that it remains in the linear operation range of the transistor as temperature varies.
然而在设计得当的直流放大器中，若调节每一级的工作点使之在温度变化时保持在晶体管线性区，就能在实际上消除Ico以外的晶体管参数变化所造成的影响。
1.If analog signals are to be transmitted digitally, they first have to be sampled at a specified
rate and further converted to discrete amplitude samples by quantization.
如果要以数字方式传输模拟信号，首先必须以一定的频率对信号进行采样，然后通过量化进一步将它们转换为离散的幅度样本。
2.Linear filters amplify or attenuate selected spatial frequencies, can achieve such effects as
smoothing and sharpening, and usually form the basis of re-sampling and boundary detection algorithms.
线性滤波器放大或衰减选择的空间频率，能够实现像平滑和锐化这些效果，通常是重采样和边缘检测算法的基础。
3.Stability and repeatability are fundamental attributes of digital circuits, however, and the
necessary accuracy can be obtained in a digital version of the modulator by an appropriate choice of word length to represent the signals.
不过稳定性和可重复性是数字电路的基本性质，在数字式调制器中必要的精度可通过适当地选择代表信号的字长而获得。
4.The first observation is made on the fundamental relationship between the nature of
system and the periodicity of its frequency response: a continuous system has an aperiodic frequency response, while a discrete system has a periodic frequency response.
从系统性质和它频率响应的周期性之间的基本关系中首先可以看到：连续系统有非周期性的频率响应，而离散系统有周期性的频率响应。
5.The main function of the receiver is to extract the input message signal from the degraded
version of the transmitted signal coming from the channel.
接收器的主要功能是从由信道传输来的退化了的信号中提取出输入消息。
1. A very commonly used method of microwave measurements is based on the study of a
standing wave pattern formed along the line because of the interference of incident and reflected waves.
一个很常用的微波测量方法是基于对驻波图型的研究，这种驻波是由入射波和反射波之间的干涉而沿着传输线形成的。
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5b13900420.html,putations show a reduction of 6dB in the EM field intensity with the distance doubled,
and an increase of 3dB in the intensity with the transmitted power doubled. This result provides verification to the algorithm used.
计算表明，当距离增大一倍时，电磁场强度减小6分贝；而发射功率增大一倍时，场强则增加3分贝。这一结果验证了所用算法的正确性。
3.Like transfer of heat by conduction, convection and radiation, microwave heating can be
considered as another mode of heat transfer, in which heat is produced directly at the location of the dielectric losses.
就像通过传导、对流、辐射来传递热量一样，微波加热可以看作热传递的另一种方式，即热量直接产生于发生介电损耗的地方。
4.Operation of the radar is based on the measurement of the time it takes for a pulse
transmitted from an antenna to get reflected by the object to be detected and to return at the antenna and the receiver.
雷达的工作是基于对天线发出的脉冲被所要探测的目标反射，（然后）回到天线和接收机所需时间的测量。
5.Other motivations for using CAD in circuit design includes the wish to acquire confidence
in a design that was accomplished by other means, and, not least in importance, a sense of curiosity or perhaps a desire to discover the unexpected.
在电路设计中使用CAD的其它动机包括：想要验证用别的方法设计出来的电路；满足好奇心或者可能是想发现预想不到的现象。后一个动机并非是最不重要的。（取得信心，并非最不重要，意料之外的事）
6.The spacing between the repeating amplifiers is a function of the cable attenuation and the
system bandwidth so that the gain provided by these amplifiers compensates for the loss introduced by the cable.
中继放大器之间的间距是电缆衰减和系统带宽的函数，以便这些放大器提供的增益补偿电缆引起的损耗。
7.When the cut-off frequency is no less than the maximal frequency of the original signal,
nor is it greater than the difference between the sampling frequency and the maximal frequency, the original signal may be completely rebuilt.
当截止频率不小于原始信号的最高频率，也不大于采样频率和最高频率之差，原始信号可以完整地重建。
8.While the politics of the last one hundred years centered around Industrial Age technology,
the politics of the future will be based on Information Age concerns oriented towards the storage, protection and exchange of information.
尽管近百年来的政治活动是以工业时代的技术为中心的，未来的政治活动将基于信息时代的事物，面向信息的存储、保护和交换。
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5b13900420.html,munication may be broadly defined as the transfer of information from one point to
another. When the information is to be conveyed over any distance a communication system is usually required. Within a communication system the information transfer is frequently achieved by superimposing or modulating the information on to an electromagnetic wave which acts as a carrier for the information signal. This modulated carrier is then transmitted to the required destination where it is received and the original information signal is obtained by demodulation. Sophisticated techniques have been developed for this process by using electromagnetic carrier waves operating at radio frequencies as well as microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. However, communication may also be achieved by using an electromagnetic carrier that is selected from the optical range of frequencies.
通信可以广义地定义为从一处到另一处的信息传递。当要将信息传输到任何距离以外时就需要有一个通信系统。在通信系统内部，信息的传输经常通过将信息叠加或调制到作为信号载体的电磁波上来实现。经调制的载波然后被传送到要求的目的地，在那里被接收，原始信号通过解调被恢复出来。为了实现这一过程，已经利用工作在射频、微波以及毫米波频率上的电磁载波开发了复杂的技术。不过通信也可以用光波频段上的电磁载波来实现。
2.Electronic communications is the transfer and movement of data between locations
through the use of computers. An electronic communication system includes the equipment needed to support the movement of information, the communication lines and media to carry the information, the computer software and programs to control the flow of information, the personnel to plan, implement, and operate communications, and the management of all these resources. Electronic communications establishes links between people as well as computers.
电子通信就是通过使用计算机在不同的地点之间传输数据。一个电子通信系统包括：支持信息流动所需要的设备，承载信息的通信线路和媒介，控制信息流的计算机软件和程序，计划、实施、操作通信系统的人员，以及对所有这些资源的管理。电子通信
建立起人和人、计算机和计算机之间的联系。
3.First generation communications systems can be characterized by the use of analog
transmission techniques, and the use of simple multiplex access techniques such as frequency division multiple access (FDMA). They suffered from a low user capacity, and security problems due to the simple radio interface used. Second generation systems were introduced in the early 1990’s, and all use digital technology. This provided an increase in the user capacity of around three times, achieved by compressing the voice waveforms before transmission. Third generation systems are an extension on the complexity of second-generation systems and are to be introduced after the year 2000. The system capacity will be increased to over ten times original first generation systems, achieved by using complex multiplex access techniques such as code division multiplex access (CDMA), or an extension of TDMA, and by improving flexibility of services available.
第一代通信系统以模拟传输技术和简单复用技术如频分复用为特征。这些系统用户容量低，而且因为使用简单的无线电接口而存在安全问题。第二代通信系统于20世纪90年代初开始引入，全部使用数字技术。通过在传输前将话音波形压缩使得用户容量提高了三倍。第三代通信系统是对第二代系统在复杂性方面的扩展，预计于2000年以后启用。通过使用复杂的复用技术如CDMA或TDMA的扩展，并提高服务的灵活性使得系统容量比原来的第一代系统提高10倍。
4.For each combination of communication (modulation/detection) type, channel fading
model, and diversity type, the average bit error rate (BER) and/or symbol error rate (SER) of the system is obtained and represented by an expression in a form that can readily be evaluated. All cases considered correspond to real practical channels, and in many instances the BER and SER expressions obtained can be evaluated numerically on a hand-held calculator.
对于通信（调制/检测）类型、信道衰落模型、分集类型的每一种组合，得到系统的平均误码率（BER）和符号错误率（SER），并以容易求值的形式表示。所有考虑的相应于实际信道的情况，以及许多情况下得到的BER和SER表达式均可用手持计算器来计算。
5.Modulation is the systematic variation of some attribute of a carrier waveform such as the
amplitude, phase, or frequency in accordance with a function of the message signal. It is used in communication systems for matching signal characteristics to channel characteristics, for reducing noise and interference, for simultaneously transmitting several signals over a single channel, and for overcoming some equipment limitations. A considerable portion of this book is devoted to the study of how modulation schemes are deigned to achieve the above tasks. The success of a communication system depends to a large extent on the modulation.
调制是载波波形的某些属性，例如幅度、相位和频率，根据消息信号的函数有规则的变化。它用于通信系统以使信号特性匹配信道特性，减少噪声和干扰，在单个信道上同时传输多个信号，并克服某些设备的限制。本书相当大部分内容是研究如何设计调制方案以实现上述任务。一个通信系统的成功很大程度上依赖于调制。
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5b13900420.html,munication is the transmission of information from one point to another. This
transmission requires the ability to vary signals with time in a manner which is unpredictable to the receiver.
通信就是信息从一点传送到另一点。这种传送要求信号随时间发生的变化不能在接收端预测。
2.It is true of any communication system that the shape and amplitude of the transmitted
signal will be continuously degraded by the introduction of noise, and the attenuation along the transmission path.
传输的信号会不断地被噪声的引入和线路上的衰减所损伤，对任何通信系统都是如此。
3.Since the very beginning, communications systems have consisted of three major parts,
namely, the equipment, the medium, and the protocol. It is still the case today. However, the close link of telecommunications with the computer technology has brought about tremendous changes in communications, from the concepts, to the contents and the methods.
从一开始通信系统就由设备、媒介和协议三个要素组成。至今依然如此。然而电信与计算机技术的紧密联系使得通信从概念到内容和手段都发生了重大的变化。
4.The availability of such a large collection of system performance curves in a single
compilation allows the researcher or system designer to perform trade-off studies among the various communication type/fading channel/diversity combinations so as to determine the optimum choice in the face of his or her available constraints.
在一本书中提供如此大量的系统性能曲线，使研究者或系统设计者能在各种通信类型、衰落信道、分集组合之间进行比较研究，从而在他或她所面临的限制之下做出最佳的选择。
5.The channel provides the electrical connection between the information source and the
user. The channel can have many different forms such as a microwave radio link over free space, a pair of wires, or an optical fiber.
信道提供信息源和用户之间的电路联接。信道可以有许多不同的形式，比如自由空间里的微波联接，一对电线，或者一根光纤。
6.The degradation of the transmitted signal is a result of signal distortion due to imperfect
response of the channel and due to undesirable electrical signals (noise) and interference.
Noise and signal distortion are two basic problems of electrical communication.
传输信号的退化是信号失真的结果，而这种失真又是由信道的非理想响应及不想要的电信号（噪声）和干扰引起的。噪声和信号畸变是电子通信的两个基本问题。
1.Early in the twentieth century, it was found that light could cause atoms to emit electrons
and that, when light released an electron from an atom, the energy possessed by the electron very greatly exceeded that which the atom could, according to the electromagnetic wave theory, have received.
在二十世纪早期，人们发现光能够使原子放出电子，而且当光从原子中释放一个电子
时，电子所包含的能量大大超过由电磁波理论得到的原子所接收的能量。
2.Pulse broadening determines the minimum separation between adjacent pulses, which in
turn determines the maximum information-carrying capacity of the optical fiber.
脉冲的展宽决定了相邻脉冲之间的最小间隔，这一间隔进而又决定了光纤的最大信息容量。
3.If one were to transmit such information without impressing it on an optical carrier but
instead on a radio frequency (RF) carrier a bit higher than the maximum rate, the transmission wavelength of the RF carrier would be centimeters or larger.
如果传输这样的信息不是将它加载到光纤上，而是加载在略高于最大速率的射频载波上，则此射频载波就会是厘米波或是波长更长一些的波。
4.The smallness of the optical wavelength, therefore, allows for the miniaturization of
transmit and receive modules, which should allow considerable reduction in size, weight, and cost of optical communication systems with respect to microwave/radio wave counterparts.
光波波长之小使发射和接收模块得以小型化，这就使光通信系统的尺寸、重量以至价格与相应的微波、无线电波通信系统相比都大为降低。
5.Although all the advantages of coherent optical communication systems have yet to be
brought to fruition, another property of optical radiation has made today’s optical communication systems not desirable for applications.
虽然相干光通信系统的所有优点还有待于落实在具体成果中，光辐射的另一性质却使目前的光通信系统不利于应用。
6.When coupled with light’s short wavelength which allows for miniature sources and
detectors and micron-sized waveguides, direct detection schemes have allowed for small, lightweight, high bandwidth systems which are competitive in many areas, most notably to the present telecommunications transmission, although a myriad of other applications are continually opening up.
光的波长很小，可以使用小型的光源和检测器以及微米级的波导，于是用直接检测方案可实现在许多领域具有竞争力的小巧的宽带系统，这些领域中特别引人注目的是当前电信传输中的应用，尽管无数其他应用也在不断涌现出来。
7.As mentioned previously, these applications have tended to open up more slowly than
originally predicted, as cost was really not much of a consideration in telecommunications, where equipment costs are swamped by other considerations.
如前所述，（线路）成本并非电信系统中真正重要的考虑因素，通信设备的成本主要受到其他因素的制约，因此这些应用比预料的出现得慢。
8.As wavelengths decrease to approach the size of circuit components, circuit elements are
no longer lumped as such, and leads can act as reflective components and/or antennas and lumped elements as electromagnetic resonators.
随着波长减小到接近于电路元件的尺寸，电路单元就不再是集总的，导线可起到反射元件以及（或）天线的作用，集总单元则成为电磁谐振器。
实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题
2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)（2个题） 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy（确切性）: accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy（单义性）: one sense for one word C .systematization（系统性）:the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct（语言的正确性）: in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness（简明性）: concise and easy to remember F. motivation（理据性）: just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.
西南交大科技英语翻译期末考试复习题答案
1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. 这里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。 2.After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it. 澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后，受到了纳税人的广泛称赞，因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了 3.Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. 虽然人们生来要成功，然而，他们同样生来就是无助的，完全依靠环境。成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立，然后过渡到相互依靠。失败者则不然。 4.Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。 5.No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. 中餐桌上最神奇,最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子. 6.It is not on the shores of continents, nor in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 然而，浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸，也不在沿海诸岛，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 7.Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last “forever”; others do not. 环境与人都在不断地改变。有些友谊地久天长，有些则如昙花一现。
科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料
Materials Science and Engineering arc welding 电弧焊 calcinations 煅烧 casting 熔铸 ceramic 陶瓷 chemical properties 化学性能 cold brittleness 低温脆性 colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶 congruent compound 合熔化合物 constant-deformation tests 定变形试验 Creep Strength 潜变强度 crystal pattern 晶体结构 data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤 die casting 拉模铸造 drawing & stamping 延轧 Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学 Edge Finish 边缘处理 Engineering Materials 工程材料 nano-material 纳米材料 ceramic 陶瓷 polymer 集合物 composite material 复合材料 biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体 conductor 导体 insulator 绝缘体 synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构 periodic table 周期表 Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备 Fatigue Test 疲劳测试 Features of Metal 金属的特性 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属 forging 锻造 foundry 铸造 High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试 Intermetallic compound 金属间化物 Ionic Solids 离子晶体 Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能 Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具 Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护 Metal Material Science 金属材料学 Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学 Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理
《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六
《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六 一、将以下指示与说明文体译成汉语 1. Important safety instructions 1) AC extension cords are not recommended for use with this product. If an extension cord must be used, be sure it is an approved type and has sufficient current-carrying capacity to power this product. 2) NEVER operate this product with any covers removed. 3) NEVER wet the inside of this product with any liquid. 4) NEVER pour or spill liquids directly into this unit. 5) NEVER block air flow through ventilation slots or heat sinks. 6) NEVER bypass any fuse. 7) NEVER replace any fuse with a value or type other than those specified. 8) NEVER attempt to repair this product. If a problem occurs, contact your local retailer. 9) NEVER expose this product to extremely high or low temperatures. 10) NEVER operate this product in an explosive atmosphere. 11) ALWAYS keep electrical equipment out of the reach of children. 二、将以下某款前置放大器使用说明译成汉语 1) DISPLAY INTENSITY BUTTON Cycles among four levels of brightness (including “off”）for the display, allowing adjustment for various ambient lighting conditions. When “off”, the display will turn on for a few seconds whenever a setting is changed. When used in conjunction with certain compatible ABC components, this button will control the display intensity of all lin ked components. (For more information, see “Linked Functions.”) 2) MODE INDICATORS Three LEDs give visual confirmation of the Operational Mode the preamplifier is in at any moment. 3) MODE BUTTON Cycles among the three primary Operational Modes of the preamplifier: Monitor (the source being listened to); Record Select (the source being provided to the Record Outputs); and Balance (the relative volumes of the Left and Right channels). Confirmation of these operating modes is given by the Mode Indicators below the
小议科技英语翻译技巧
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
科技英语中专业术语的翻译
科技英语中专业术语的 翻译 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下： ①firewall ．．．．．．．． ：防火墙 ②data mining ．．．．．．．．．． ：数据挖掘 ③automatic program control ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ：自动程序控制 2.形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。例子如下： I ．-．bar ．．． 工字钢、工字条；O ．-．ring ．．．． 环形圈；twist ．．．．．-．drill ．．．．．麻花钻；X ．-．Ray ．．．X 光；α．-．brass ．．．．． α黄铜[1] 3.音译：根据英语发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些有专业名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： gene ．．．． 基因；quark ．．．．． 夸克；Pentium ．．．．．．． 奔腾 celluloid ．．．．．．．．． 赛璐璐；nylon ．．．．． 尼龙 Hertz ．．．．．（Hz ）赫兹（频率单位）；lumen ．．．．．流明（光通量单位） 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占很大比重，这类词如果译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU ．．．：．C ．entral Processing Unit ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(中央处理器) ASCII ．．．．．：．American S ．．．．．．．．．tandard ．．．．．．． C ．ode ．．． for ．．． I ．nformation ．．．．．．．．．． I ．nterchange ．．．．．．．．．． (美国信息交换标准码) ATM ．．．：．A ．synchronous ．．．．．．．．．．． T ．ransfer ．．．．．．． M ．ode ．．． (异步传输方式) 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种办法。例子如下： WTO ．．．(国际贸易组织)；UNESCO ．．．．．．(联合国教科文组织)；WHO ．．．(世界卫生组织)；IOC ．．． (国际奥委会)
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
华北电力大学科技英语翻译汇总题库
2018<科技英汉互译教程>上篇期末考试范围 P.23例2 This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special consideration. 这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。 P.24 例3 If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive. 如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。 例7 Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away. （如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。 这种句式中，祈使句表示条件，and后面的句子表示结果，可译为“如果……，就……”，或者“……就”。 P.25例12 In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。 例14 The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail. 太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。 译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句（或后续分句），即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词，用逗号隔开。 P.26 例17 The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction. 用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。 例20 An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science. 要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。 P.27 例23 The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth. 月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而浸长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。 原句中含有4个分句：由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰a world；介词on+关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰a world的同位语a sterile mountainous waste；关系副词where 引导的定语从句，也修饰a sterile mountainous waste；so…that引导的结果状语从句。 例24 Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers, operating with numbers, and giving the result in numerical form. 计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.