高中英语阅读理解课件

高中英语（SEFC）阅读课文具有题材广泛、体裁各样、语言知识丰富等特征，是各单元教学的核心部分，也是培养学生阅读能力的主要渠道。然而，传统的阅读课教学模式常常是单一的自下而上模式，教学方式只是把课文作为单纯向学生传授语法及语言知识的载体，忽视了培养学生的阅读速度和理解能力；传统的阅读理解提问方式也常常停留在对所阅读文章的表层理解层次上。那么，如何借助这些课文来提高学生的阅读速度、阅读理解能力和语言水平呢？经过教学实践和不断尝试，笔者发现：不同阅读活动阶段，必须采用不同阅读理解模式以求不同阅读教学目标的实现。下面以SEFC Book 1A Unit 7 "Earthquakes" 单元阅读课为例对这一问题进行探析。

一、First–reading 采用自上而下模式，侧重培养快速阅读理解能力

“自上而下的模式”是哥德曼（Goodman）1971年提出的阅读理论模式。这一理论反对把阅读看成是对一系列词句的知觉，认为阅读者不必使用全部文本中的提示，他们在文章中挑选和选择足够的信息来作出预测，用他们自己的经验和有关客观世界的知识去验证他们的预测。按这个模式，阅读者在阅读过程中不是逐字、逐句地去理解，而是结合自己的预测，在文章中找出有关的信息，来验证自己的预测。该模式有利有弊，弊在对学生语言基础知识的掌握不利，容易造成学生语言基本功不扎实。然而，由于强调整体篇章理解，在阅读时采取跳跃式搜索、猜测等方法，所以有利于培养学生快速阅读理解能力。

阅读速度的培养是阅读教学中一个重要的任务。目前，中学生阅读能力在速度上与可能达到的指标相比普遍要低几倍，甚至十几倍。随着信息时代的到来，人们急需尽快获取各种信息资料，成倍提高工作效率与学习效果，培养学生的快速阅读理解能力是实施英语素质教育的必然要求。然而，训练学生阅读速度必须建立在学生对文章内容处于陌生状态的基础上，因此，在学生初次接触阅读课文时，应该采用自上而下阅读模式，不失时机地培养他们的快速阅读习惯、快速阅读理解能力。这一阶段的教学设计主要如下：

1、引入题材。可采用设疑悬念、直观导入、故事导入等引入方式。

2、进行快阅。可向学生介绍组读法、察读法、浏读法、略读法、跳读法等快速阅读方法。

3、检测理解。可采用问答题、判断题、选择题、做笔记、填图表等检测形式。

附SEFC Book IA Lesson 26 & Lesson 27 阅读理解问答题：

1) Which was the USA’s strongest earthquakes ?

2) How many people lost their lives and how many people lost their

homes in the 1906 earthquake ?

3) How many people lost their lives in the 1989 earthquake?

4) When the 1906 earthquake happened, how many metres did th（转载自第一范文网https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5b16725231.html,，请保留此标记。）e Pacific

plate jump to the north ?

5) How many measures(措施) can we take in order to deal with

earthquakes ?

6) What is " The Big One"?

经过一读课文及完成表层信息捕捉问题后，学生对文章有了肤浅的认识，阅读速度也得到训练。然而，阅读包含两个阶段：一是辨认文字符号的感性认识阶段；二是理解内容，吸收信息，创造性思维译码的理性认识阶段。因此，二读课文，加深文章的理解就显得尤为必要了。

二、Second–reading 采用交互作用模式，侧重培养阅读理解综合能力

语言心理学的图式理论认为，阅读过程是读者通过视觉器官接受以文字符号形式输入的外部代码，再结合大脑中的内部代码（即图式）进行编解码认知加工，从而理解并提取信息的过程。根据鲁姆哈特（D·Rumelhart）1977年提出的交互作用模式，这个过程实际上也即是读者大脑中自下而上与自上而下认知加工交互作用的过程。相互作用模式（the interactive model）也可称为图式理论模式（the schema theory model）。按图式阅读理论，读者的阅读能力由三种图式决定：语言图式、内容图式和形式图式。语言图式是指读者对构成阅读材料的语言的掌握程度。内容图式是指读者对文章所讨论的主题的熟悉程度。形式图式是指读者对文章的体裁的了解程度。在阅读过程中，读者大脑中的这三种图式与文章的语言、内容和形式相互作用，其结果决定了读者对文章的理解程度。

阅读的关键在于理解，尤其是深层理解。交互作用模式对提高学生的英语阅读综合能力能起关键的作用。借助形式图式模式，教师可引导学生弄清文章的文体思路，了解各种不同体裁

的课文的结构特点。例如教"Earthquakes" 时引导学生归纳出文体思路是accidents--- causes --- solutions---- prediction。借助文章体裁结构帮助理解文章实际上也是一种阅读策略，同时也有助于学生下一阶段完成重建语篇的表达训练。借助内容图式，教师可启发学生寻找或利用文章上下文线索去激活自己大脑中相应的背景知识内容图式。例如教“Earthquakes”时引导学生回忆“板块学说”（plate tectonics）相关内容，将文章内容与大脑中的相关信息联系起来有助于学生更深刻理解文章的细节内容、中心思想、作者的写作态度、写作意图及文章的“弦外之音”。语言图式在阅读理解中起着基础的作用，没有语言图式，内容图式和形式图式就发挥不了作用。教师应结合课文内容提高学生识别文章中词、短语和句子的能力。例如教“Earthquakes”时引导学生理解“shook”、“jumped”、“stay up”等在文章中的意思。这样做，学生读懂文章的能力才会逐步提高，下一阶段进行语言知识的学习和应用才会有基础。总之，综合利用形式图式、内容图式、语言图式来指导二读课文，对提高学生阅读综合能力是必不可少的。这一阶段的教学设计主要如下：

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1、细读课文。可采用全文阅读，逐段阅读，合段阅读等阅读方式。

2、检测理解。可采用问答题、判断题、讨论题、选择题等检测形式。

3、阅读析评。可采用学生发言、教师总结或师生一起讨论归纳等双边活动形式。

附SEFC Book 1A Lesson 26 & Lesson 27阅读理解问答题：

1) What do the first three paragraphs talk about ?

2) What does the writer try to explain in the last paragraph of Lesson 26 ?

3) What does the writer intend to do in the first paragraph of Lesson 27 ?

4) Why does the writer mention "The Big One" ?

5) If we compare the 1986 earthquake with the 1989 earthquake, what can we find ?

6) If the 1989 earthquake had happened in the centre of town, what would have h appened?

7) Why can’t we stop earthquakes ?

8) Do you think that San Francisco is now in danger ? Why ?

9) How does the writer make each paragraph of the two lessons coherent (连贯的) ?

10) What have you learned from the lessons ?

经过二读课文及完成一些深层阅读理解问题后，学生对文章有了深刻的理解，吸收信息或利用所获得信息来分析问题和解决问题的能力也得到培养。阅读吸收信息，吸收是为了表达。因此，教学活动的设计不应只停留在输入的层次上，应该使语言输入（听与读）和语言输出（说与写）之间产生一种平衡。运用所学语言知识以及题材信息重建语篇、提高学生语言表达能力势在必行。

三、Post–-reading 采用自下而上模式，侧重培养知识综合运用能力

自下而上模式是指阅读者在阅读过程中从最小的单位——字母和单词（从底或下层）识别开始，逐步弄懂（在顶或上层）较大的语言单位——短语、分句、句子和语篇的意义。按照这个模式去理解阅读过程，教师在教授阅读课时主要任务就是帮助学生解决语言上的障碍，即弄清词、短语和句子的意义。

由此看来，阅读课教学既是一门阅读课，也是一门语言课。随着学生对课文理解的深化，教师必须提高学生对语言知识的掌握程度。阅读理解的问题，说到底就是语言方面的问题。所以，通过阅读，可以学习语言知识，通过学习语言知识，有助于提高阅读能力。阅读能力与语言学习，两者相辅相成、密切关系；另外，中学英语大纲规定，在英语教学中要努力使基础知识转化为言语技能，并发展成运用英语进行交际的能力。为此，在完成二读课文之后采用自下而上模式深化语言知识的学习与运用则是提高学生阅读能力和语言表达能力的必然要求。这一阶段的教学设计主要如下：

1、归纳知识。可引导学生按语言单位来分类归纳；也可按段落顺序或情节内容来归纳排列。

2、深化知识。可介绍一词多义、词与词区别、长句分析和逻辑纽带等拓展性知识。

3、运用知识。口头上可采用命题发言、口述大意、复述课文、话题讨论等准交际或交际练习形式；笔头上可采用改写、缩写、书面表达等准交际或交际练习形式。

附SEFC Book 1A Lesson 26 & Lesson 27 读后重建语篇训练题：

1) Why do you think San Francisco are easily shaken by earthquakes ?

2) Give a speech on what we should do in order to deal with earthquakes.

3) Write a passage to report the 1989 earthquake in San Francisco.

4) Write a short article on the 1999 earthquake in Taiwan.

实践证明，把阅读课教学活动分成三个阶段，不同阅读活动阶段采用不同阅读理论模式以实现阅读课教学的最终目的这是非常必要的，也是非常恰当的。这种做法有以下主要特点：

1、它使学生的综合能力得到了训练。在认知能力方面，快速阅读理解训练促使学生的观察力、注意力、记忆力高度集中；深层阅读理解训练使学生思维能力、想象力得到发展。在语言能力方面，各个阶段中阅读理解问题的解决使学生的听说、读写能力得到全面培养，尤其是阅读理解能力更得到了充分发展。在交往能力方面，同学们在老师引导下，在交流与讨论中相互合作、相互沟通，最后得出认识比较统一的答案。在这一过程中，学生的相互沟通能力、协调合作能力、凝聚力自然也就得到了培养。另外，通过重建语篇训练，学生的创造能力也将得到培养。

2、它体现了素质教育的基本要求。在素质教育的全体性方面，由浅入深，由易到难，由表及里的阅读理解练习能给不同程度的同学提供体验成功乐趣的机会，能调动全体学生参与的积极性。在素质教育的整体性方面，这种教学设计主张适应各类体裁的阅读课文，挖掘文章的内涵和主旨，使各种有用信息渗透到英语教学之中；整个过程始终贯穿着培养学生的各方面能力，全方位开发学生的潜能。在素质教育的主体性方面，这种教学设计克服传统的教师讲、学生记的弊病，学生在教师引导下学会思考、学会分析、学会发现，学会表达，真正发挥了学生的主体作用和教师主导作用。

3、它有利于学生逐步完善自己的认知结构。所谓认知（Cognition）就是通过学习过程的感知、领悟、推理及转化，从而实现对学习信息的了解、发现、知晓和理解。所谓认知结构就是学习者头脑里的知识信息网络结构，即已有的全部观念的内容及组织结构。从整个教学设计来看，它将学习内容有序地组织起来，并进一步内化形成新的知识结构，符合学生的认知规律。

阅读是一个综合过程，能力的提高更是一个循序渐进的过程。为此，不同年级应有不同阅读达标要求，课堂上各阶段的阅读理解训练也应随之有所侧重。总之，教师若能结合学生的认知水平，合理、灵活地把上述教学设计运用于阅读课文教学中，高中英语阅读教学目标是完全能够实现的。

最新高中英语阅读理解翻译100篇资料

V. Reading Comprehension (15%) A It was 3.21 a. m. when nine-year-old Glenn Kreamer awoke to the smell of burning. Except for the crackling （爆裂声）of flames somewhere below there was not a sound in the two-storey house at Baldwin, Long Island. With his father away on night duty at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his sister Karen, 14 and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped each on through the house to the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn. The nine-year-old raced back into the house and upstairs to his mother's room. He found it impossible to wake her up. Mrs. Kreamer, a victim of the smoke, was unconscious, and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy remained calm and, as a fireman said later, "acted with all the self-control of a trained adult." On the bedroom telephone, luckily still working, Glenn called his father and, leaving Mr. Kreamer to telephone the fire brigade and ambulance service, got on with the task of saving his mother. First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden. He could hear the fire engine coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where flames had almost swallowed up the ground flo or? Grasping firmly a ball of string from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and dashed upstairs to his mother's room. Tying one end of the string to her hand he ran back, laying out the string as he went, through the hall and back out into the ga rden. Minutes later he was telling fire chief John Coughlan :"The string will lead you to mother." Mrs. Kreamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor. 71．Why did Glenn run downstairs first? A．He wanted to find out what was happening. B．He was worried about his mother's safety.

2020-2021高考英语一模试题分类汇编——阅读理解综合及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 One of my favorite hobbies is exchanging old-fashioned, paper-with-a-stamp-on-it postcards with random strangers around the world. The Postcrossing Project was created by Paulo Magalhaes in 2005. He liked getting mails—especially postcards. He thought others did, too—but how could he connect with them? That's when he came up with the idea of an online platform (https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5b16725231.html,): There, postcard lovers like me can sign up to send a postcard to someone who has registered online, and receive a postcard in return. Along with a randomly selected address, participants get a unique code to put on the postcard. When the postcard arrives, the recipient registers that code with the site, which then causes the sender's address to be given to another postcrosser in turn. In practice, this means that for nearly every postcard I send (a few get lost in the mail) I get one back. And since I never know who will send me a card or where in the world they live, every trip to the mailbox holds the potential for a wonderful surprise. Privacy-conscious Americans might worry about sharing their address with strangers overseas. But postcrossers are friendly, polite, respectful folks—in more than 450 cards exchanged, I've yet to have a bad experience. On days when the international news is depressing, postcrossing is my comfort. There's nothing like getting a card from a child in China just learning to write in English, or a grandmother in Belarus describing her most recent gardening success to remind me that we truly are members of one global family, far more similar than we are different. It seems like such a small thing to send out a postcard. But as travel and communication technology continue to shrink the world, it's important to remember that it isn't just for diplomats and politicians to represent our country anymore. All of us have the power—and perhaps the responsibility—to be ambassadors, to show the best of your country to the world. And it's good to know that what you need to accomplish this is not necessarily complicated or expensive. It can be as simple as a postcard. （1）Why did Paulo set up https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5b16725231.html,? A. To discuss personal hobbies with strangers. B. To exchange postcards with others in the world C. To collect different postcards from other countries. D. To provide a platform for communication online. （2）According to the passage, postcrossers __________. A. don't know who will send them postcards B. are sure to get a postcard back immediately C. often choose a receiver's address carefully D. register every postcard they receive online （3）What did the writer learn from postcrossing? A. The international news is usually depressing. B. Americans are more conscious about privacy. C. Postcrossers sometimes describe their bad experience.

高中英语阅读理解专项练习二(含答案)

A “You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club. I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services

最新高中基础英语阅读理解

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