科技英语翻译1—4

Types of Sustainability

The four types of sustainability include human, economic, social, and environmental. All four are required to maintain the entirety of life on Earth. Although interconnected, it is important to note the differences of each in terms of its nature and requirements.

Types of Sustainability / Human

The very basic need of human sustainability is good reproductive health and safe childbearing. Those that reproduce have the responsibility of caring for their children, giving them access to proper education, and promoting their health and wellness. At some point, the children should have enough skills and knowledge such that they can sustain their own way of life. It is at that point that they become considered as productive human capital as well as individuals that can go through the process of reproduction and rearing. As long as this process is maintained at a rate that all human systems can support, human sustainability should be no cause for concern.

Types of Sustainability / Economic

In simple terms, economic sustainability is having a set amount of capital for a certain period. Those who consume that capital must also conserve it so that they will continue to enjoy it towards the end of the specified period. This means that we must preserve all our resources as we consume them so that human beings in the future can enjoy them as well. To achieve this, we must regenerate our resources at a rate that is equal to or faster than our consumption.

Types of Sustainability / Social

Social capital is an important aspect of sustainability because it is through communities and civil societies that humankind can easily and inexpensively work together. Without proper levels of social capital, it can easily deplete and violence as well as mistrust can take over. When that happens, societies and everything else that depends on them will be destroyed. Through proper maintenance of and adherence to laws, rules, and values that societies have developed for the common good, social sustainability can be achieved.

Types of Sustainability / Environmental

Environmental sustainability is important because it involves natural resources that human beings need for economic or manufactured capital. Materials taken from nature are used for solutions that address human needs. If nature is depleted faster than it can regenerate, human beings will be left without raw materials.

Furthermore, environmental sustainability also involves ensuring that waste emissions are at volumes that nature can handle. If not, all humans and other living things on Earth can be harmed to the point of extinction.

可持续性分类

四种可持续性包括人类可持续性，经济可持续性，社会可持续性和环境可持续性。这四种可持续性都应维持地球上生命的完整性。尽管他们相互联系，但观注他们在性质上的细节差异和要求仍是很重要的。人类可持续性

人类可持续性的基本要求是良好的生殖健康和安全分娩。人类有责任

照顾好他们的孩子，让他们获得良好的教育，促进他们的健康和发展。在一定意义上（在那时？），孩子（子孙）应该有足够的技能和知识以至于能够维持他们自己的生活。在这点上（在那时？）他们是生产所需要的人力资本（源），也是进行再生产、繁衍后代的个体。只要这一过程以全人类系统能够支持的速度进行，人类可持续性就大可不必担心。

经济可持续性

简单看来，经济可持续性在特定时期有固定资本。消费资本的个体必须节约一部分资本以便在确定时期结束时仍能享有它。那意味着我们在消费资源时必须加以保留以便未来的人类也能享有它们。（这就意味着我们必须在消费资源时保护我们所有的资源，这样人类才能实现后续消费。）为实现这一目的，我们必须使资源的再生速度等于或超过我们消费资源的速度。

社会可持续性

社会资本是社会可持续性的一个重要方面，这是因为社会资本通过社区或公民社会使人类能够容易且代价较小的一起工作。没有适当水平的社会资本，资本很容易耗尽，暴力和不信任也会随之发生。当这种情况发生时，社会和其他取决于社会的一切事物都会遭到破坏。通过适当地维护、坚持社会为实现共同利益而形成的法律，规范和价值观，社会可持续性才能够实现。

环境可持续性

环境可持续性很重要，（因为它涉及到自然资源，人类需要其为经济

或生产资本服务。）因为它涉及人类经济发展和制造资本所需的自然资源。生产材料取自于自然，人类需要其解决生产问题。如果自然地消耗速度超过其可再生速度，人类将没有原材料。

此外，环境可持续性还包括确保废弃物的排放量在自然能够调节地范围内。否则，地球上的所有人类和其他生物将濒临灭绝。

从科技英语翻译(1)

2007年6月 第8卷　第2期 长沙铁道学院学报(社会科学版) J un.2007 Vol.8　No.2 　从文体特征谈科技英语的翻译3 禹智华 (中南大学外国语学院,湖南长沙　410075) 摘　要:每一类体栽的文章都有其独特的语言表现形式和结构规律。本文从文体学角度分析了科技英语在其词汇、句法、语篇等方面的特点及对其翻译方法的探讨。 关键词:文体特征;词汇;句法;语篇;翻译 在21世纪这个高度信息化的时代,科技英语越来越受到人们的重视。但对于大多数人而言,翻译科技英语时只是满足于表面的处理,并未研究真正的科学的语言,只是依据为一般读者编写的百科全书或图书中出现的通俗专业介绍。他们认为,只要懂得语法规则和一些科技词汇,就能够理解并翻译科技英语文章了。于是这样一个公式似乎顺理成章:科技英语=一般英语语法+科技词汇。其实不然科技英语它着重于对客观事物的描述,或者对逻辑概念的推理,因而在词汇、句法、语篇等方面有着与通用英语不同的自身特点,形成了独特的文体风格。从它特点看来,我们不仅要注意语法词汇等语言学的部分,同时更要根据英汉两种语言表达上的差异,进行原语与目标语之间的调整,使翻译作品更加符合译入语读者的思维习惯。 一、词汇特点 科技词汇主要由一般词汇、专业词汇和半专业词汇三部分构成,他们具有如下明显特点: 第一,科技词汇多源于希腊语和拉丁语,具有庄重、正式的语体特征,如pharmaceutical(药品)、circumvent(阻止)、mechanical(机械的)、technology(技术)等词汇。这类词一般词形较长,难于记忆,其有效的手段就是通过英语的构词法来掌握,尤其是派生法。主要特点是通过添加前、后缀构成新词,不少科技词汇均由此产生,如mono(单一)———monoxide (一氧化物)、di(二,双)———diatomic(双原子的)、anti(抗,防)———antiage(防老化的)、super(超)———(天体物理学)、under(低于,次于)———underreaction(反应不充分)。 第二,不少动词短语往往由一些“稳重”的规范动词替代,体现了科技英语精炼、严肃、权威的文体特征,如turn on--complete、use up--consume和exhaust、put up with--tolerate。 第三,同一词语词义的多专业化,即同一个英语常用词不仅被多个专业采用,而且含义也各不相同。例如“order”一词,在日常英语指“命令、订购”等,在军事上指“队形”,在计算机领域指“指令”,在法律上指“法院上的决议”,在数学方面指“阶,次序”,建筑学则指“柱型”。对于这一类词语,只有通过上下文和具体的语言环境才能确定其真正的含义。 第四,广泛使用缩略词。据统计,这类词语大约有2～3万,其构成方式分有三种:(1)将词的部分截缩而构成新词,如parachute———chute(降落伞)、semiconductor———semicon (半导体)、technology———tech(技术);(2)将词组中的每个词的首字母加在一起构成新词,如Unidentified Flying Object ———U FO(不明飞行物)、Liquefied Natural Gas———L N G(液化天燃气);(3)从两个单词中抽出部分字母而构成新词,如rectifier transformer———rectiforlner(整流变压器)、telegram exchange telex(电传)。过程。因此,从各方面提高科技翻译工作者的能力及加强对科技翻译的研究,找出其特色也显得尤为重要。 二、句法特点 11被动句的广泛使用 因为科技文章的主要目的是讲述客观现象,介绍科技成果,说明生产过程等,所以无须指出行为的主体,使用被动句不仅比主动句更少主观色彩,而且可以使读者的注意力集中在叙述的客体上,与日常英语相比,科技英语更倾向于使用被动句。英语被动语态句的处理,不外乎两种方法:一种是仍保留为被动句,另一种是转换成汉语的主动句。下面以一些句子进行举例说明。 例如:The outside of the converter is made of steel plates. 转钢炉的外壳由钢板制成。 Electrons closer to the nucleus are held more tightly than those in the outer orbits. 靠近原子核的电子比外层轨道上的电子结合的紧。 21大量使用名词化结构和非谓语动词形式 这种结构和形式能够把原来的施动结构蕴藏在深层结构里,从而把更多的信息融于一体,使彼此的逻辑关系更严密,表达更精确,这符合科技英语追求语言表达简练、凝重、客观与浓缩的要求。例如下面这句话,科技英语借助非谓语动词形式和名词化结构,只用一个谓语动词就表达了汉语须用几个行为动词才能表达清楚的概念。Applied science,on the other hand is directly concerned with the application of the working laws of pure science to the practical affairs of life and to increasing man’s control over his environment,thus leading to the development of new techniques processes and machines.应用科学则直接涉及应用问题,它研究的是如何将纯科学的工作定律应用于实际生活,应用于加强人类对其周围环境的控制,从而导致新技术、新工艺和新机器的产生。 31长句较多 2713收稿日期:2006-12-16 作者简介:禹智华(1981-),女,湖南邵阳人,硕士研究生。

小议科技英语翻译技巧

小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，

科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.

翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法

科技英语翻译1

第六章科技英语翻译 English for Science and Technology (EST) 第一部分 Part One Procedures of today: ?An overview of EST ?Characteristics of technical terms （科技英语词汇特点）?Characteristics of the EST syntax （科技英语句法特点） ?Principles of translating EST ?Assignments ?―It appears that you’ve got the offer of a very good job.‖ ―A wonderful job.‖ ―Are you going to take it?‖ ―I don’t think so.‖ ―Why not?‖ ―I don’t want to.‖ ?―听说有个很好的工作要你去干。‖ ?―挺好的工作。‖ ?―打算干吗？‖ ?―不。‖ ?―为什么不干？‖ ?―不想干。‖ ?She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank open countenance and an innocent, different manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about. ?那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。 ?MONTREAL –Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four-point first period outburst, to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6—4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.

科技英语翻译(1)

邢骏杰信息工程1班20091309010 We use touch screens everywhere: tourist kiosks, automatic teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, industrial controls. Half a dozen vendors, plus in-house departments at major manufacturers, produced $800 million worth in 2000. The market is growing because the interfaces are easy-to-use, durable and inexpensive. Touch screens employ one of three physics principles for detecting the point of touch. Pressing a “resistive” design with a finger or other stylus raises a voltage. In “capacitive” models, a finger draws a minute current (this method is often used for cursor pads on notebook computers). In other designs, a finger or stylus interrupts a standing pattern of acoustic waves or infrared lights that blanket the surface. Resistive screens are the oldest, most widely used and least expensive, and they work with any stylus (finger, pen). Capacitive screens must be touched by a finger or an electrically grounded stylus to conduct current. Wave screens are the newest and most expensive. Surface acoustic wave screens must be touched by a finger or a soft stylus such as a pencil eraser to absorb energy; infrared screens work with any stylus. The different technologies may be used in the same applications, although pros and cons lead to prevalent combinations: resistive screens for industrial controls and Palm Pilots; capacitive screens for slot machines; wave screens for A TMs and indoor kiosks. Most people are unaware of the type of screen they are using. But tricks can help you tell, according to Frank Shen of Elo TouchSystems in Fremont, Calif., the largest U.S. maker. Push the screen lightly with your fingernail (not your skin). If it responds, it could be resistive or infrared. In this case, place two separated fingers aga inst the screen at the same time. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is infrared (software registers the first touch); if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is resistive (the points are averaged). If the unit does not respond to your fingernail, again place two separated fingers against it. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is acoustic wave; if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is capacitive.

《科技英语翻译》课程练习四讲课讲稿

《科技英语翻译》课程练习四答案 一、词类转换 1. 英语名词的转译 1) Integrated circuits are fairly recent development. 译文：集成电路只是近年才发展起来的。 2) The air is made up of mixture of gases. 译文：空气是由若干种气体混合而成的。 3) He was a good calculator，so we considered the answer correct. 译文：他甚得很好，因此，我们认为这个答案是正确的。 4) The electrical conductivity has great importance in selecting electrical materials. 译文：在选择电气材料时，电导率是很重要的。 5) This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the best processing route. 译文：对确立最佳工艺流程而言，这次实验是绝对必要的。 2. 英语形容词的转译 1) When the switch is off, the electric circuit is open. 译文：拉下开关，电路断开。 2) Also present in solids are numbers of free electrons. 译文：固体中也存在着大量自由电子。 3) In fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive. 译文：在裂变过程中，裂变碎块的放射性很强。 4) Computers are more flexible，and can do a greater variety of jobs. 译文：计算机的灵活性较大，因此，能做更多不同的工作。 5) With slight repairs，the old type of motor can be used. 译文：只要稍加修理，这台旧电机便可重新使用。 3. 英语动词的转译 1) The instrument is characterized by its compactness and portability. 译文：这种仪器的特点是结构紧凑和携带方便。 2) Neutrons act differently from protons. 译文：中子的作用不同于质子。 3) The scale is marked to show the strength of the current in amps. 译文：度盘上的刻度表示电流强度的安培数。 4) The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball. 译文：我们居住的地球，其形状像个球。 4. 英语中副词的转译 1) Such robots controlled by large electronic computer impressed us deeply. 译文：这种由大型计算机控制的机器人给我们留下深刻的印象。 2) He routinely radioed another agent on the ground. 译文：他与另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。 3) Sodium is very active chemically.

解析四字词语在科技英语翻译中的应用

解析四字词语在科技英语翻译中的应用 张慧霞山西大同煤炭职业技术学院 037003 摘要：科技英语有一定的学术性，风格上有严谨周密、概念准确、重点突出、深入浅出、句式严整、逻辑性强等特点。所以在翻译中要保证其汉语表达的严谨流畅、精确简练、逻辑清晰。翻译科技术语时，需要具备广博的学科知识，翻译过来的文章要有学术味道又通俗易懂，简洁明了并且不产生歧义，遵循汉语的词语规律。四字结构词语是汉语的精华,其特点是言简意赅,节奏明快。在忠实于原文的基础上,把科技英语中的单词、词组、短语或习语适当地译成四字结构词语,可以使译文更为传神达意,风采倍增,使读者更容易理解原文的内涵。本文从语言文字的功能、科技文的语言特点、四字词语的特点、四字词语在科技文中的完美应用等角度阐释了四字词语在科技英语翻译中的应用，并简单列举了一些翻译时的应用情形。 关键字：科技英语，四字词语，翻译应用 一、语言文字的功能 1、信息功能 语言文字的信息功能是指语言传递信息的作用。语言最原始的功能就是传递信息，实现人和人相互之间的交流沟通，人类创造了语言之后又创造了文字，文字是语言的视觉形式，文字突破了口语所受空间和时间的限制，能够发挥更大的作用。 2、美学功能 语言文字的美学功能表现在，文字是语言的视觉表现形式，它作为视觉信息符号，通过各种媒体、以各种形式发布、传播信息，影响人们的意识与生活。文字已不再被当成单纯的可供识别和阅读的符号，而是把它看成设计情感的一种载体，另外语言所创造的艺术效果是十分美妙的，文字不同的组合和搭配可以创造出不同的文章，产生不同的艺术效果，读起来让人心旷神怡。 3、表情功能 语言文字的表情功能是语言文字所特有的功能，认知语言学认为,语言不仅客观地表达命题式的思想,还表达言语主体即说话人的观点、感情和态度,因此语言具有表情功能。语言的表情功能是语言主观性、主观化的具体表现。 4、描写功能 语言文字的描写功能是指对事物事件的描述，描写功能包括了传达信息的功能，但是多了描述的特性，对于一些事物通过细致入微的描写，可以让人们对它的属性更加了解，生动、

科技英语翻译480句

一、时间（1-80） 1. When a wire is broken by bending it back and forth rapidly, some of the work is transformed into heat and the wire gets hot. 当把导线快速地（通过）来回弯曲折断时，部分功就转换成热，所以导线变热． 2. When the moon changes it position, so do the orientation of the tide-generating forces and the position of the equilibrium tide. 当月亮的位置改变时，引潮力的取向和平衡潮的位置也改变了． 3. The water vapor will change from its invisible state to condense into visible moisture when the dew point temperature is reached. 当露点温度达到时，水气将从其看不见的状态凝结成可见的水分． 4.When a user requests a set of resources, it must be determined whether the allocation of these resources will leave the system in safe state. 当用户要求一组资源时，必须确定这些资源的分配是否会让系统处于安全状态． 5.As the number of users sharing the segment increases, so does the difficulty of finding an acceptable segment number. 当合同程序段的用户数目增加时，查找可接受的程序段的号码的困难也增加． 6. The air pressure begins falling accordingly as a typhoon comes near. 随着台风的临近，气压开始下降． 7.While they are waiting in the ready queue, the I/O devices are idle. 当它们在就绪队列中等待时，输入／输出装置则空闲着． 8. At the same time the waves are fanning out, they are also separating by wavelength, a process known as dispersion. 当这些波向外扩散时，它们也在按波长分开，这一过程叫频散． 9.Current stars flowing at the very moment when we close the circuit. 当我们一接通线路，电流马上就开始出现．

英语翻译训练方法：科技英语的特点与翻译

英语翻译训练方法：科技英语的特点与翻译(1) 任何作品均有特定的文体，原文的文体不同，翻译方法也随之而异。试观察下列几个片断的原文及其译文。"It appears that you’ve got the offer of a very good job." "A wonderful job." "Are you going to take it ?" "I don’t think so." "Why not?’ "I don’t want to." “听说有个很好的工作要你去干。” “挺好的工作。” “打算干吗？” “不。” “为什么不干？” “不想干。” 这是小说中的一段对说，属于口语文体。其特点是：用词自由，句法结构简单，短句与省略句多，自然朴素，生活气息浓厚。在译文中进一步体现汉语口语的特点，省去主语“你”、“我”；将英语的一个句子I don’t think so。干脆译成一个字“不”，显得简洁有力。 She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes we re large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically in to the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about. 那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。上面五十一个词的片断，就运用了十个形容词，占五分之一。and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress是非常优美生动的文学语言，译文保持了一风格。 Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four -point first peri od out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecuti ve game without a loss. 在全国手球联赛中克拉克约翰斯今晚初试锋芒，引起轰动。上半场领先四分，首开记录。克拉克发挥中坚作用，约翰逊市高帽队终以6:4击败蒙特利尔市小鸭队，创造了连胜八场未负一场的战绩。 这是属于应用文的新闻文体，其特点是简明扼要，短小精悍，结构紧凑，笔锋犀利。上述这则电讯只有一个句子，却把一场球赛描绘得淋漓尽致，富于吸引力。 The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The f ullscale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the point er to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter. 从上述的一段科技文章，不难看出其文体与修辞手段与前面列举的文艺小说，新闻报道等迥然不同。科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。 科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构

英语科技翻译前四章

1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon. 植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3

科技英语翻译

科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习 1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induc tion motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习 2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped co nditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to posse ss weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管 在许多场合替代电子管。我们知道 所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。空间狭窄,旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。第1节翻译练习 3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belongin g to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成 叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’ s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) pro bably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。 直译 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。 意译 The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end prod uct. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。 意译 要使印刷品的质量达到要求 部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。 意译 第4节翻译练习 2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is cause d by dust in the air near the horizon. 植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。 合译 太阳的大小看起来有变化 这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。 分译 医生对血样作了分析 看是不是贫血症。 分译 These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than on e. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being mad e and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等 大的直径有1000公里 小的不到1公里。 分译 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件 后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。 分译 第4节翻译练习 3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。 增译 人们发现 自然界里许多元素 都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。 增译 The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltag e and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamen tal laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特 后者是电压的单位 前者是电流的单位。 增译 同性电荷相斥 异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。 省译 第4节翻译练习 4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric c harge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的

科技英语翻译

形合和意合 1.昨天看电影我没有买到好票。 I did not buy good seat for movie last day. 2.这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。 This workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well. 3.她在中国留学服务中心工作。 She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange. 4.烤烟，苹果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大农产品，年产量3.12亿元，占农业总产值的52.5%。 Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values. 5.可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增，并且在其他工业中的应用也会扩大。 It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries. 6.If rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension. 某种与其他疾病伴发的高血压，称为继发性高血压 7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book. 本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。 8.一种微生物能够破坏另一种微生物，这种现象最早是巴斯德发现的，他指出这可以用到医疗上去。 That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use. 英汉句子中心的差异 1.他们培育出的细胞看上去像胚胎干细胞，这的确令人惊讶。 It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells. 2.1968年12月阿波罗8号宇宙飞船上那些想家的宇航员们在太空拍下了整个地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出现了第一个地球日，这绝非是历史的偶然。 It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon December 1968. 3.你们已经取得了进步，对此我毫不怀疑。 There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved. 4.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快的重新实现访问，这使我感到特别高兴。 I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 5.由于现代世界的发展和近年来在单门学科狭窄前沿上的研究进展，出现一些极其复杂的难题，单凭一两人的力量是无法对它们进行透彻研究的。 One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. 6.这种小型热带鱼由于具有自行修复受损和患病的眼部细胞的独特能力，长期以来一直为科学家所关注。The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes. 7.不努力就不会成功。 One can never succeed without making great efforts.