科技英语表达常用句型
科技英语表达常用句型
2．“完成”、“达到”、“实现”等的表示法
常用的动词有：
accomplish 完成
achieve 完成；达到finish 结束，完成
attain 达到；完成fulfil(l) 履行；执行；完成
carry out 执行；进行；实现perform 执行，完成
complete 完成；结束reach 达到
do 实行；完成realize 实现
effect 实现；达到proceed 进行
常用名词有：
accomplishment 完成
achievement 完成，达到fulfil(1)ment 实现，完成；达到
attainment 达到，完成performance 执行，完成
completion 完成，结束realization 实现
4．“优点”、“好处”、“益处”等的表示法
常用词语有：
advantage 优点，好处
benefit 好处；利益excellent/good/outstanding
merit 优点；长处features 优点；优异的特点
profit 益处；得益virtue 优点，长处
goodness 优良，优势good qualities 优点
superiority 优越性strong points 优点
5．“一致”、“符合”的表示法
accord 符合，一致be in agreement with …
agree 符合，一致be in
与……相一accord with …
coincide 一致，相符be in conformity with …
conform (使)一致，（使）符合be consistent with …
correspond to …符合于…bring …into correspondence with …使…与…一致起来常用的名词有：常用的形容词有：
accord 一致，符合
consistent 一致的，符合的
agreement 符合，一致accordant 一致的
coincidence 符合，一致conformable 一致的，符合的correspondence 符合，一致corresponding 一致的，符合的
6．“让步”的表示法
常用词语有：
although／whereas／while／whilst 虽然
in spite of／despite尽管，虽然
in spite of the fact that …虽然
irrespective of／regardless of …不论，不管no matter+疑问词(how，what，when，where 等)无论…
whatever 无论什么，不论什么
whichever 无论哪个
whenever 无论何时
wherever 无论在哪里
whether … or …不管…还是…
even if／even though 即使
however + adj. / adv. 无论怎样
adj. / adv. + as 尽管，虽然
in any case 无论如何
常用词语结构有：
appear / seem + to V 看来，似乎appear / look / seem + like + NP 看来像…，看来是…的样子
look + as if / though …看来好像…
It appears / looks／seems + as if/though．．．看来好像(仿佛)…
It appears / seems + that …看来…
10．“大约”、“近似”的表示法
常用副词或词组有：
about 近于，大约
around 大约
approximately 大约，近似
near 差不多，几乎
nearly 差不多，几乎
or so …左右，大约
in／of the order of …约为，大约
常用动词有：
approximate 接近
approach 接近，靠近
come near 接近，将近
range from ... to... 从…到…左右，在…范围内不等
vary from ... to... 在…范围内变化
12．“平衡”、“抵消”、“补偿”等的表示方法
常用的动词及词组有：
balance 平
compensate for 补偿
counterbalance （使）平衡，抵
equalize 使均衡
（均等），（使）平衡，补偿
make up for 弥补；补偿
常用名词有：
balance 平衡
13．“建造”、“制造”等的表示法
常用动词有：常用名词有：
build 建造；建筑building 建造，建筑
construct 建造；建筑construction 建造；构筑
fabricate 制造；装配fabrication 制作；装配
generate 产生；发生;发（电）generation 产生；发生；发（电）
manufacture （大量）制造，加工manufacture （大量）制造，加工
prepare 制备，配制，调制
preparation 制备，配制，调制
produce 制造，生产production 制造，生产
14．“能力”的表示法
常用词语有：
be able / unable to + V 能(够)／不能
be capable / incapable of + -ing 能够／不能
be in a position + to V 能够
can / cannot +V 能／不能
will / will be + V 能／不能
enable …+ to V 使…能…
have the ability / capability / capacity / power + to V 用…的能力，能够…
15．“引起”、“导致”、“产生”等的表示法
常用词语有：
be due to …是由……所引起的，是由于……
ring about / on …引起
lead to …导致…produce 产生，引起
cause 引起，产生；发展provoke 激起，引用，诱发
develop 引起；激起raise 引起，唤起
generate 产生；引起result in …导致；产生
give rise to …引起set off/up …引起，
16．“肯定”、“一定”、“相信”等的表示法
常用词语结构有：
be certain / sure / confident of + NP 确信，深信
be certain / sure / confident + that …确信，深信……
be certain / sure / + to V 一定（必会）会……
be convinced of + NP / that …相信……
believe + that …相信，认为……
have / there is no doubt + that …毫无疑问……
know for a certainty + that …确实知道……
it can be said with certainty + that 可以断言……
it is clear / certain + that …显然……/可以肯定……
it is sb.’s belief / opinion + that …某人认为/某人的看法是……
。
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19．“组成”、“构成”、“成分”等的表示法
常用的动词有:
be combined in/into …
compose
constitute
form
make up
be composed of …
be made up of …
consist of …
comprise
contain 包含,包括
comprise 1.包含,包括 2.
组
成
,
构
成
用的名词有component
成分,composition 组成,成
分
constitution 构造,组成
content 内容,含量
formation 形成；构成
ingredient 成分，配料
make up 组成，构造
20．“概括”、“结论”等的表示法
常用词语结构有：
In short , …总之；简短地说accordingly 因此，所以
In a word , … 总而言之consequently 因此，所以
In brief , … 简单地说as a result/consequence 因此，所以
To sum up , … 总而言之so 所以，因此
In conclusion , … 总之，最后hence 因此，因而
On the whole , … 总的看来thus 因而，从而
therefore 因此，所以
21．条件(“如果”、“假如”、“假定”等)的表示法
常用词语结构有：
if … , (then) … 如果…，(那么)…
only if … 唯一的条件是…；只要…in case ... 假使…；假若…
in case of + NP 如果发生…；假如…in the event of + NP 如果发生…；万一…
on condition of + NP 在…的条件下；如果…on condition that ... .在…条件下；条件是…assuming presuming + NP / that...假定…
given + NP/that ... 假定…；如果有…；如果已知…
provided / providing + (that) ...以…为条件；假如…
suppose / supposing+(that) ... 假定…
so/as long as ... 只要…unless ... 除非…；如果不…；如果没有…but
that ... 要不是…
the assumption is made that ... 假定。
22．“对比”、“对照”等的表示法
常用词语结构有：
(as)compared with ... 与…比较起来
as opposed to ... 与…相反
in comparison with ... 与…相比
by contrast 相反，对比起来
in contrast to / with ... 与…形成对照；与…完全不同
23．“损坏”、“损伤”、“破坏”等的表示法
常用的动词有：常用的名词有：
damage 损坏，毁坏，损害damage
destroy 破坏，摧毁，毁坏destruction
harm 危害；损害，损伤
harm
hurt 危害，损害，伤害hurt
injure 损伤；损害；伤害injury
ruin 毁坏，破坏ruin
spoil 弄坏，损坏spoilage
24．“减少”、“降低”、“缩小”等的表示法
常用动词有：
decrease 减少，减小
reduce 减少，减小depress 降低，压低decline 下降，下倾lessen 减少，缩小10wer 减低，减弱condense 浓缩，压缩contract 缩小，缩短minimize 减到最少cut down 削减，减少go down 下降，降低
fall off 减少，下降scale down按比例减少shrink 收缩，缩小shorten 缩短
常用名词有：
decrease，decline，reduction，diminution，depression，Shrinkage，condensation，scale-down 25．“缺点”、”毛病”、“缺陷”、“故障”等的表示法常用名词有：
abuse 弊病
f
bug 毛病，缺陷
failure 故障，失灵
defect 缺陷，缺点
imperfection 缺陷，不完善之处
disadvantage 不利条件，缺点
shortcoming 缺点
drawback 缺点，弊端
trouble 故障，毛病
error 差错，毛病
fault 缺点，毛病
weakness 弱点，缺点
27．“程度”的表示方法
常用词语：
almost 几乎，差不多profoundly深深地comparatively 比较地quite 完全；相当
completely 完全地rather 相当，颇
enough 足够，充分relatively 比较地，相对地
entirely 完全地roughly粗略地，大致上exceedingly 非常地，极度地scarcely 几乎不，几乎没有
extensively 广泛地slightly稍微，稍许
extremely 非常，极其somewhat 有点，稍微
fairly 相当地substantially 大大地，充足地
fully 充分地totally 完全地
hardly 几乎不，不十分wholly 完全地；全部
highly 高度地 a little 稍许，一点儿
1argely 大量地，主要地at(the)least 至少
little很少，毫不at(the)most 至多
moderately 适度地to a great extent
在很大程度上
nearly 几乎to a greater or lesser degree 在或多或少的
partially 部分地程度上，在一定程度上partly部分地to some extent／degree在某种程度上
常用结构：
29．“取决于”、“依赖于”、“受…的制约”等的表示法
常用词语有：
depend on ... 取决于；依赖于；依…而定
rely on ... 依赖于，依靠
be dependent on ... 取决于，决定于
be independent Of ... 与…无关；不受…
支配
be conditioned by ... 决定于…，受…的制
约
be determined / decided / governed / fixed
by ... 决定于…
be dictated by ... 决定于…，受…支配
30．“不同”、“差别”、“区别”等的表示法
常用词语有：
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